Periodic table color coded metals nonmetals metalloids

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Periodic table color coded metals nonmetals metalloids

In this lab activity, students will be asked to observe and then test the properties of several different elements. In their observations they will be looking for the physical state, whether it is shiny or dull, and whether it appears malleable or brittle. For some of the elements they will also test the conductivity, malleability, and reactivity with dilute acid. From their data, they classify each element as a metal, a non-metal or a metalloid. There results will be color coded on a periodic table (e.g. Blue for metals, yellow for non-metals, and green for metalloids). They will use this to determine trends for metallic properties of the elements. 1. To become familiar with the properties of metals, non-metals and metalloids. 2. To discover the arrangement of metals, non-metals and metalloids on the periodic table. 3. To observe trends for the metallic properties of elements. Observation, classification and analysis skills will be developed. Concepts: 1. Metals tend to be shiny, hard, malleable and good conductors of electricity. They are located on the left side of the periodic table. 2. Non-metals can be solids, liquids, or gases. If they are solid, they tend to be brittle. They are poor conductors. They are located on the right side of the periodic table. 3. Metalloids combine some of the properties of metals and not-metals and are located between them on the periodic table. Vocabulary: Metalloid Malleable Luster Conductivity This is a lab activity for a high school introductory chemistry laboratory. It can be used as an introduction to the periodic table. It requires samples of elements (see list in the handout), micro-conductivity testers (made from a nine-volt batteries, LED and wires), dilute HCl and hammers. It requires approximately 60-75 minutes of class time. It could easily be adapted for use in a physical science course Subject: Chemistry:General Chemistry:Elements & Periodic TableResource Type: Activities:Classroom ActivityGrade Level: High School (9-12)Description and Teaching Materials This lab activity will be used to have students discover the location of metals, non-metals and metalloids on the periodic table. Before starting the lab, we will review the properties of each group. Students will be given the student handout (attached) and asked to write the experiment up in their lab notebooks. Students will work in pairs or small groups and will rotate through the observation, conductivity, malleability and reactivity stations until they have completed all the stations. The stations can be completed in any order. After they have completed their observations, they will determine if each element that they tested is a metal, non-metal or metalloid based on their observations. They will label each of these elements on a blank periodic table and color each group a different color. They will use this information to answer the analysis questions at the end of the lab. After everyone has completed the write-up, we will compare our results with the book classification and location of these elements. This is a copy of the student handout of the lab. It includes the materials in it. A copy is also attached in the documents. Periodic Table Lab: Purpose: To investigate the properties of several elements on the periodic table and classify them as metals, non-metals or metalloids. Pre-lab Questions: In you lab notebook, draw the following table. Write each of the following properties under the appropriate heading. Write the whole property, not just the letter of the property. METALS NON-METALS METALLOIDS a. good conductor of heat b. poor conductor of heat (insulator) c. semi conductor d. shiny, high luster e. solids tend to be dull f. malleable g. brittle h. ductile i. good conductor of electricity j. poor conductor of electricity Materials: For the observation stations you should prepare sealed test tubes containing the following elements: copper, silicon, magnesium, carbon, nickel, aluminum, zinc, sulfur, oxygen, lead, bismuth, silver, nitrogen, antimony, and hydrogen For the conductivity station, you should have plastic dishes with one piece of each element to be tested and micro-conductivity testers. For the malleability station, have one piece of each element per group along with paper towels and hammers. For the reactivity station, have one piece of each element per group, 9 test tubes, test tube rack and 1 M HCl. Procedure: 1. In your lab notebook, draw a table like the one shown below. 2. Observe the appearance of each of the elements. Record physical state, color, luster and other observable characteristics. 3. Using the microconductivity tester, determine whether the elements conduct electricity. If you observe carefully, you might see that some are semi-conductors. 4. To determine which elements are malleable, place a single piece of the element on a paper towel, and gently tap it with a hammer. An element is brittle if it shatters when it is hit. An element is malleable if it flattens when it is tapped. 5. To test the reactivity with 1 M HCl, label 9 test tubes with the symbols for each element. Add 5 ml of the acid to each tube. Then add a small sample (approx 0.1 gram) of each element to the labeled tubes. Formation of bubbles of hydrogen is evidence that a reaction is occurring. (Note: not all reactions are vigorous, so watch closely) Element Appearance Conductivity Malleability Reactivity with HCL Non-metal Metal or Metalloid Copper Silicon Magnesium Carbon Nickel Aluminum Zinc Sulfur Tin For the following elements, try to decide if they are a metal, non-metal or metalloid based on their appearance. Element Appearance Non-metal Metal or Metalloid oxygen lead bismuth silver nitrogen antimony hydrogen On the blank periodic table, label the elements that we tested in lab. From your observations label them as metal, non-metal or metalloid. Color each group (metals, non-metals and metalloids) a different color. Analyze and conclude: Answer the following questions in your lab notebook. Use summary sentences. 1. Which elements displayed characteristics of metals? 2. Where are the metals located on the periodic table? 3. Which elements displayed characteristics of non-metals? 4. Where are the non-metals located on the periodic table? 5. Which elements displayed some characteristics of metals and some of non-metals? 6. Do metallic characteristics of elements seem to increase from left to right or right to left? 7. Do metallic characteristics seem to increase from top to bottom or bottom to top? Periodic Table lab- Student handout (Microsoft Word 48kB Aug24 07) Teaching Notes and Tips It works well to set this lab up in stations. I divide the lab into observation, conductivity, malleability and reactivity stations. Groups rotate through each station. If you are doing this experiment with younger students, you might want to do the reactivity with 1 M HCl as a demonstration. For the analysis, I give the students a blank periodic table. They label it with the elements that they test. Based on what they have observed, I have them determine whether each element is a metal, non-metal or metalloid. I am also going to try to have the students discover where metals, non-metals and metalloids are located on the periodic table. Assessment Two methods of assessment will be used. The first is general questioning of the students while they are performing the lab. The formal evaluation will occur when I grade the lab write-up in their lab notebooks. Standards 9-12 IIA4 -Nature of Matter References and Resources See more MnSTEP Activities ? Learning objectives Identify the groups of the periodic table Identify elements as metals, nonmetals, metalloids Infer likely properties of elements based on their position on the periodic table. The Modern Periodic Table The following table is hosted by NIH PubChem. You may click on any element in the following periodic table for every known detail about every element that has been discovered or synthesized. This table is also available in the left sidebar under resources. Figure \(\PageIndex{2}\): PubChem's Interactive periodic table of the elements, . This table is color coded: alkali metals, alkaline earths, transition metals, post transition metals, metalloids, nonmetals, noble gasses actinides and lanthanides. Note, if you click on an element information appears, along with a link to that element's page. Clicking that link takes you to PubChem's datapage for that element. PubChem is part of the U.S. National Institute of Health's Library of Medicine, and aggregates data from multiple resources. There is a link within PubChem to the actual data source for each element. So note, if you click on carbon and go to section 2.1 (Atomic Weight) of its data page, you see values from IUPAC, The U.S. Department of Energy (Jefferson Lab and Los Alamos) and NIST. IUPAC and NIST provide interval values, will the DOE does not. If you then click on IUPAC, it sends you to the Commission on Isotopic Abundances and Atomic Weights page for Carbon. Note that for carbon-12 the atomic weight is exactly 12 Da (Daltons). The fact that PubChem maintains the data provenance makes it a very important resource, as it is important to know the source of your information. This periodic table also has a dropdown box that allows you to display various properties (like atomic size, chemical groups,...) If you tried to click on any of the above elements, the details of each element may seem overwhelming and it may seem incredibly difficult to find patterns. However, the beauty of the periodic table is found in it's periodicity, repeating patterns that help us predict physical and chemical properties of various elements. Thus the periodic table can also be split into seven rows, known as periods (Figure \(\PageIndex{4}\)). At first glance, it may seem like the two lone rows at the bottom of the period table, known as the actinide and lanthanide series should be periods 8 and 9. However, if you look carefully, these two row should actually be wedged in the 6th and 7th period, respectfully, in order to follow the order of increasing atomic number. Those rows are kept at the bottom to decrease the width of the periodic table and are also known as the inner transition metals. Figure \(\PageIndex{3}\): The periodic table is split into seven periods(rows) with the inner transition metals shown separately on the bottom to decrease the width of the periodic table. It can also be broadly divided into metals, nonmetals, and metalloids(semimetals). The states of the elements is also indicated at room temperature of 25o C. Groups can be numbered as 1-18 (Figures \(\PageIndex{3}\) or \ (\PageIndex{4}\)) or they can be numbered 1-8 followed by "A" or "B" (Figure \(\PageIndex{5}\)). The "A" designation represents the main group elements (Columns 1-2, and Columns 13-18) The "B" designation represents transition elements (Columns 3-12). Either group numbering system is acceptable, but we will see later that there is a benefit for knowing the group numbers with the "A" and "B" designation. In addition, some of the individual groups have a particular group name. For example, Group 17 or 7A elements are also known as the halogens. Group 2 or 2A elements are known as the alkaline group metals. Group names are commonly used by chemists and are worth knowing. But, most importantly, elements in the same groups tend to have similar chemical and physical properties. We will also discuss the reason behind such patterns later in this text. Figure \(\PageIndex{4}\) provides the common names of the groups. Exercise \(\PageIndex{1}\) Which of the following elements will most likely have similar chemical properties to fluorine? A) neon B) nitrogen C) iodine D) sulfur Answer C) iodine. Elements in the same group have similar chemical properties, not the same periods. The Families of the Periodic table Figure \(\PageIndex{4}\): Families or groups of the Periodic Table Exercise \(\PageIndex{2}\) What alkali metal is found in period 4? A) carbon B) potassium C) calcium D) Titanium Answer B) Potassium is in Group (Column) 1A and is in the 4th period (row). Figure \(\PageIndex{4}\): Modern Family or group numbering system for the Periodic Table along with the names of the families. Figure \(\PageIndex{5}\): The older method of numbering the families or groups. Note the color coding of this table indicates metals, metaloids (semi-metals) and non-metals. These will be discussed below. Exercise \(\PageIndex{3}\) What is the group number for oxygen? A) 16 B) 6 C) 16A D) Both A and B Answer Figures \(\PageIndex{3}\) and \(\PageIndex{5}\). If you start at boron and draw "stairs" down to astatine, the seven elements that are "on" are the metalloids or semi-metals. Everything to the left of the "stairs" with the exception of hydrogen is a metal. Everything to the right of the "stairs", in addition to hydrogen, is a nonmetal. This is essential for describing common physical properties for each of the three categories and will be used in nomenclature of chemical compounds. Exercise \(\PageIndex{4}\) What is true regarding the classification of the following silicon? (select all that apply) A) group 4A B) metalloid C) main group element D) period 14 E) nonmetal Answer A, B, and C are all correct. D is incorrect. The period (row) is 3. The group is 13. E is incorrect because silicon sits on the stairs and is one of the metalloids. Note, these can be related to the fact that electrons in metallic bonds are loosely bonded between multiple core atoms and freely flow from one atom to another. Conduction (heat and electricity) Malleability (can be hammered into thin sheets) Ductility (can be pulled into wires) Lustrous (Shiny appearance) Note, nonmetals are held together by directional covalent bonds of shared electrons, and this relates to their properties. Poor Conductors Nonlusterous Nonmalleable Brittle Brightly colored They have both properties of metals and non-metals. One of the most important physical properties of metalloids is their semi-conductive properties. If you go to the Pubchem periodic table and click "standard state, you will see 2 elements are liquid, 11 are gasses, and one (Og) is "expected" to be a gas. If you click on Og and go to it's PubChem elemental page you see the most stable isotope has a half life of 0.89 millliseconds, and only a few atoms have ever been produced. You are required to know these, and note, several elements like Ga, Cs and Fr melt at very low temperatures and so may actually be liquids at room temperature Liquids: Hg, Br2, ( Ga, mp=85.58oF; Cs, mp=83.3oF; Fr, mp=80.6oF and Rb, mp=103.1 oF) Gasses: Noble Gasses and Lighter diatomics, H2, N2, O2, F2, & Cl2 Solids: All other elements Homework: Section 3.5 Robert E. Belford (University of Arkansas Little Rock; Department of Chemistry). The breadth, depth and veracity of this work is the responsibility of Robert E. Belford, rebelford@ualr.edu. You should contact him if you have any concerns. This material has both original contributions, and content built upon prior contributions of the LibreTexts Community and other resources, including but not limited to: Anonymous Modifications by Ronia Kattoum Elena Lisitsyna (H5P interactive modules)

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