Performance Metrics to Evaluate Utility Resilience Investments

SANDIA REPORT

SAND2021-5919 Printed May 2021

Performance Metrics to Evaluate Utility Resilience Investments

Designing Resilient Communities: A Consequence-Based Approach for Grid Investment Report Series

Synapse Energy Economics: Jennifer Kallay Alice Napoleon Ben Havumaki Jamie Hall Caitlin Odom Asa Hopkins, PhD Melissa Whited Tim Woolf Max Chang

Sandia National Laboratories: Robert Broderick Robert Jeffers, PhD Brooke Marshall Garcia

Prepared by Sandia National Laboratories Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185 and Livermore, California 94550

Issued by Sandia National Laboratories, operated for the United States Department of Energy by National Technology & Engineering Solutions of Sandia, LLC.

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ABSTRACT

In 2019, Sandia National Laboratories (Sandia) contracted Synapse Energy Economics (Synapse) to research the integration of community and electric grid resilience investment planning. Synapse produced a series of reports to explore the challenges and opportunities in several key areas, including benefit-cost analysis, performance metrics, microgrids, and regulatory mechanisms. This report focuses on performance metrics. Performance metrics define the information that utilities, regulators, and other stakeholders can use to monitor and improve grid performance of resiliency investments. Electric grid resilience can be improved through investments, such as transmission and distribution systems, generation, and automation and controls. However, the data to track and report the performance of these grid resilience efforts are still in development. To date, there is no industry consensus on the data to evaluate the performance of investments intended to create a more resilient electric system. The purpose of this report is to guide jurisdictions to take the important step of defining and establishing performance metrics for resilience that are tailored to their needs and situation. First, we explain the performance mechanism development process. Next, we describe seven principles for developing well-designed performance metrics. Lastly, we provide a menu of performance metrics for grid resilience and discuss their applicability. Using these materials, jurisdictions can determine where they are in the process of defining and setting performance metrics, define next steps, and take action to improve their understanding of current resilience performance and capture opportunities to improve. The menu of performance metrics for grid resilience described in this report is also provided as an accompanying Excel-based tool which takes the form of a performance metric reporting template. We encourage utilities to take the lead on collecting, organizing, and reporting this data to their regulators and stakeholders in public proceedings, with support from community and institutional partners.

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CONTENTS Abstract ............................................................................................................................................................... 3 Contents .............................................................................................................................................................. 5 List of Figures.....................................................................................................................................................5 List of Tables ...................................................................................................................................................... 5 Executive Summary ........................................................................................................................................... 7 Acronyms and Definitions ............................................................................................................................... 9 1. Introduction...............................................................................................................................................11

1.1. Purpose.............................................................................................................................................11 1.2. Report Organization.......................................................................................................................12 2. Performance Mechanism Development Process .................................................................................13 3. Principles for Well-Designed Performance Metrics ............................................................................16 4. Proposed Resilience Performance Metrics............................................................................................18 4.1. Menu of Grid Resilience Performance Metrics..........................................................................19 4.2. Connection to the Principles.........................................................................................................28 5. Next Steps ..................................................................................................................................................33 References ......................................................................................................................................................... 35 Appendix A. ENERGY INVESTMENTS WITH RESILIENCE BENEFITS: PERFORMANCE METRICS REPORTING TOOL.......................................................................36 A.1. Annual Performance Metrics, Event Level Reporting ..............................................................36 A.2. Annual Performance Metrics, Customer Level Reporting .......................................................37 A.3. Annual Performance Metrics, System Level Reporting ............................................................38 A.4. Resilience Events Metrics, Event Level Reporting....................................................................39 A.5. Resilience Events Metrics, Customer Level Reporting .............................................................40 A.6. Resilience Events Metrics, System Level Reporting..................................................................41 A.7. Data Definitions..............................................................................................................................42 Distribution ....................................................................................................................................................... 43

LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1. Performance Mechanism Development Process........................................................................13 Figure 2. Annual Performance Metrics, Event-Level Reporting ..............................................................20 Figure 3. Annual Performance Metrics, Customer-Level Reporting .......................................................21 Figure 4. Annual Performance Metrics, System-Level Reporting ............................................................23 Figure 5. Resilience Event Performance Metrics, Event-Level Reporting..............................................25 Figure 6. Resilience Event Performance Metrics, Customer-Level Reporting.......................................26 Figure 7. Resilience Event Performance Metrics, System-Level Reporting............................................27

LIST OF TABLES Table 1. Principles for Well-Designed Performance Metrics ,..................................................................17 Table 2. Proposed Reporting Timing and Frequency ................................................................................30

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