Child Development Chart Normal Developmental Behaviors
嚜澧hild Development Chart
Normal Developmental Behaviors
0-6
Months
6-12
Months
12-18
Months
Cognitive
Psychological
Motor
Moral
Sexual
Recognition of mother; no
concept of past or future;
reaches for familiar
people or toys
Objects can be held in
memory; learns through
routines and rewards;
recognizes name; says two
to three words besides
求mama′ and 求dada′;
imitates familiar words.
Attachment to mother/
caretaker; totally dependent;
totally trusting; learns
intimacy.
Separation from mother;
begins to develop a sense of
self; learns to get needs met;
trusts adults; stretches arms to
be picked up; likes to look at
self in mirror.
None.
Erections possible; both
sexes can be stimulated.
None.
Generalized genital play.
Experiments with physical
environment; understands
the word 求no′; comes
when called to; recognizes
words as symbols for
objects (cat 〞meows);
uses 10 to 20 words,
including names;
combines two words such
as 求daddy bye-bye′;
waves good-bye and plays
pat-a-cake; makes the
sounds of familiar
animals; gives a toy when
asked; uses words such as
求more′ to make wants
known; points to his or
Early social development;
egocentric; accepts limits;
develops self-esteem (love
from family); plays by self.
Sucking; hands clenched/
grip; neck muscles
develop; pulls at clothing;
laughs/ coos.
Rolls over; stands with
sup-port; creeps/crawls;
walks with help; rolls a
ball in imitation of adult;
pulls self to standing
position and stands
unaided; transfers object
from one hand to the
other; drops and picks up
toy; feeds self cracker;
holds cup with two
hands; drinks with
assistance; holds out
arms and legs while
being dressed.
Creeps up stairs; gets to
standing position alone;
walks alone; walks
backward; picks up toys
from floor without falling;
pulls and pushes toys;
seats self in child-size
chair; moves to music;
turns pages two or three at
a time; scribbles; turns
knobs; paints with whole
arm movement; shifts
hands; makes strokes;
uses spoon with little
spilling; drinks from cup
with one hand unassisted;
chews food; unzips large
Fear of authority
figures.
Continued generalized
genital play.
Cognitive
12-18
Months
(cont.)
18-36
Months
3-5
Years
Psychological
her toes, eyes, and nose;
brings objects from
another room when asked.
Can conduct experiments
inside head but limited to
experience; rapid language
growth; copies adult
chores in play; carries on
conversation with self and
dolls; asks 求what*s that?′
and 求where*s my#?′;
knows 300 words at 2, 900
words at 3; understand a
lot more than what they
can say; gives first name;
holds up fingers to tell age;
combines nouns and verbs
求mommy go′; refers to
self as 求me′ rather than by
name; Egocentric:
assumes you know what
he/she knows; likes to hear
same story repeated; may
say 求no′ when means 求yes.′
Cannot incorporate a doll to
represent themselves, but
can use other objects in play
that represent real life.
WIDE RANGE OF
LANGUAGE SKILLS AT
THIS AGE.
Can conduct experiments
inside head; cannot sequence; understands some
abstract concepts: colors,
numbers (but this DOES
NOT mean they can tell
you 求how many times′ 每
they can count tangible
Motor
Moral
Sexual
zipper; indicates toilet
needs; removes shoes,
socks, pants, sweater
Autonomy struggles; learns
system of meeting needs;
seeks adult approval; social
development increases; points
to things he or she wants;
joins in play with other
children; shares toys; takes
turns with assistance;
separation anxiety common
(look for lack of separation
anxiety in children who have
endured trauma)
Can run, throw ball, kick
ball, jump; goes up stairs
with one hand held by
adult; turns single pages;
snips with scissors; holds
crayon with thumb and
fingers (not fist) but may
ignore adults as they draw
since they must
concentrate; uses one
hand consistently in most
activities; rolls, pounds,
squeezes, and pulls clay;
uses spoon with little
spilling; gets drink from
fountain or faucet independently; opens door
by turning handle; takes
off and puts on coat with
assistance; washes and
dries hands with
assistance.
Knowledge of
preferences of
authority figures.
Continued generalized
genital play; early sex-role
development; interested in
potty behavior; touches and
rubs own genitals,
disinhibited 每 no sense of
privacy; role playing to
understand what adults are
doing, such as playing
doctor.
Can cooperate; cannot separate
fantasy from reality; has
nightmares; models on samesexed parent; experiences and
copes with feelings (sad,
jealous, embarrassed) but they
are all or nothing, meaning a
child can be angry at their
parent one minute but once
the parent apologizes feeling
shift and all is good again;
Swings/climbs; uses small
scissors; jumps in place;
walks on tiptoes; balances
on one foot; rides a
tricycle; begins to skip;
dances; bathes and
dresses; runs around
obstacles; walks on a line;
pushes, pulls, steers
wheeled toys; uses slide
independently; throws
Self-esteem
dependent on
authority figures;
follows peers* fads;
negotiates to get
needs met. Rules
very important.
Protective of parents.
Generalized genital play
(rubbing genitals until raw
is not normal); masturbation
to orgasm in females is
possible; early
experimentation;
watches/asks about body
functions; private parts and
funny but also serious;
gender identity established.
3-5
Years
(cont.)
6-9
Years
Cognitive
Psychological
Motor
objects in a room, like
chairs, crayons, etc.),
knows shapes, time (NOT
clock time but days,
before/after, 求naptime,′
求bedtime′); understands
family relations (baby/
parent); can tell a story;
has a sentence length of 4
to 5 words; has a
vocabulary of nearly 1000
words; names at least one
color; under-stands
求tonight,′ 求summer,′
求lunchtime,′ 求yesterday′;
knows his or her last name,
name of street on which he
or she lives and several
nursery rhymes; uses past
tense correctly; can speak
of imaginary conditions 求I
hope′; understands basic
concept of right and wrong
每 punishment centered; at
4 can typically grasp truth
vs. lie, but may confuse
the difference between a
lie and a mistake.
Can think using symbols;
can recognize differences;
makes comparisons; can
take another*s perspective;
defines objects by their
use; knows spatial
relationships like 求on
top,′ 求behind,′ 求far,′ and
求near′; knows address;
identifies penny, nickel,
dime; knows common
opposites like 求big/little′;
asks questions for
plays and interacts with other
children; dramatic play is closer
to reality, with attention paid to
detail, time, and space; plays
dress-up; Symbolic
representation of self begins
(can now use a doll or picture
to represent themselves).
ball overhead; catches a
bounced ball; skates;
jumps rope; pastes and
glues appropriately; skips
on alternating feet;
buttons and unbuttons
large buttons; washes
hands independently;
blows nose when
reminded; uses toilet
independently; drawing
improves and by 4 will
trace and draw stick
figures.
Early close peer relationships;
presence of well-developed
defenses; develops identity
outside family (school,
friends); has likes and dislikes
(food, friends, games); chooses
own friends; plays simple table
games; plays competitive
games; engages in cooperative
play with other children
involving group decisions, role
assignments, fair play.
Egocentrism crumbles 每
Is increasing small muscle
motor skills; cuts foods
with a knife; laces shoes;
dresses self completely;
ties bow; brushes
independently; crosses
streets safely.
Moral
Sexual
Has a conscience;
refinements in moral
development.
Defenses reduce experimentation, but some continues.
Play house ,wedding, family
role play games.
6-9
Years
(cont.)
10-15
Years
16-21
Years
Cognitive
Psychological
information; distinguishes
left from right; able to
separate fantasy from
reality; improved
sequencing of events. By
8, should be able to read a
face clock.
suddenly question how others
think of them.
Can engage in inductive
and deductive logic;
neurons are present;
understands hypothetical
situations; conflicts with
parents increase.
Increased autonomy struggles;
increased focus on identity;
focus on peer relationships;
rebellious; often moody;
romantic feelings; struggle
with sense of identity; feels
awkward or strange about his
or her body; worries about
being normal; frequently
changing relationships.
Interest in relationships;
solidifies personal identity;
becomes goal directed;
sometimes rebellious;
increased concern for others;
increased concern for future;
places more importance on his
or her role in life.
Uses formal logic (e.g.,
opposes racism); debates
and can change sides of
debate; understands
probabilities; uses more
flexible abstract thinking;
examination of inner
experiences; conflict with
parents begins to decrease.
Motor
Moral
Sexual
Greater body competence
(e.g., physical
coordination); manual
dexterity; growth patterns
vary.
Moral development
is legalistic;
recognition of
principles (e.g.,
justice); selection of
role models.
Puberty; sex organs mature;
males ejaculate and have
wet dreams; both sexes able
to masturbate to orgasm
with fantasies; girls develop
physically sooner than boys;
may display shyness,
blushing, and modesty.
Heightened physical
power, strength, and
coordination.
Identifies with moral
principles, rules, and
limit testing;
experimentation with
sex and drugs;
examination of inner
experiences.
Feelings of love and
passion; development of
more serious relationships;
sense of sexual identity
established1; increased
capacity for tender and
sensual love.
Chart adapted from Katie Thompson, Elon College student intern, NC Guardian ad Litem Program. Sources include: ※Infant and Toddler Development,§ Dr. Maureen
Vandermaas-Peeler, Elon College; ※Child Development,§ Ray Newnam, Ph.D.; ※LD In Depth,§ LD OnLine, ; ※Growing Up,§ Pasternak and Kroth; ※Your
Child*s Growth: Developmental Milestones,§ American Academy of Pediatrics, ; and ※Normal Adolescent Development,§ American Academy of Child and
Adolescent Psychiatry, .
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