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Course: MISY 2311 Introduction to Management Information SystemSection 101 Semester: Fall, 2017Due Sate: 22nd Oct 2017 Submission Date: 21st Oct 2017Group member nameIDReport Quality (5Pts)Report Size (3Pts)Report Format (2Pts)Total (10 pts.)1. Saleh Al Sarraf2016003842. Saif Alqahtani2013031103. Faris Alghamdi201501281Table of ContentIntroductionMethodologyLiterature ReviewImportance of Information Systems in an Organization ?Fundamental roles of information systems in businessTypes of information systems used in organizations todayRole of Management Information Systems in decision-makingCommon problems in using and implementing Management Information Systems in an organizationConclusionReferences1. IntroductionInformation Systems are an essential part of business nowadays. If companies want to stay competitive they have to implement an information system like Transaction processing systems and Customer Relationship Management systems. Information systems help in doing things faster, doing things better, and doing things smarter. In this research paper I will talk about why information systems are important in business and what is their role. Also I will talk about the types of information systems used nowadays in organizations and the role of management information systems in decision-making. And lastly I will discuss the common problems in using and implementing management information systems. 2. MethodologyIn this research we will be collecting data using secondary research since we do not have enough time for primary research. We took our sources from websites and scientific journals.3. Literature Review3.1. Importance of Information Systems in an OrganizationAs you know that information system is everywhere. Every organization use information system, without information system most organization would not have an accurate and efficient decision. Also, information system make thing have better quality. To simplify the idea information system known as the use of information technology to collect, create, and distribute useful data. Moreover, information system shows us that when we enter data (input) into our computer and analyze it, we can get information (output) that help the organization to see all choices that are available, and select the better choice for the organization. For example, if we need to calculate the cost of product we need to enter all date of the product such as; direct labor cost, direct material, and manufacture overhead, we enter all these data, so we can get information about the cost. The more data entered, the better information we got.3.2. Fundamental roles of information systems in businessInformation systems help organization in many ways such as communication, performance, and decisions. Information system help employee to communicate with each other inside the organization, which make the work of the organization faster. Moreover, information system makes performance of the organization better. Research has been done by cooperation the involove MIT Center for Digital business and McKinsey’s business technology office and with our colleague Lorin Hitt at Wharton and the MIT doctoral student Heekyung Kim. They come up with this solution. According to Brynjolfsson, A. M. (2014). Big Data: The Management Revolution said, “We set out to test the hypothesis that data-driven companies would be better performers.” Which shows that information systems help any organization to have better performance. Also, Information system help organization on taking decision, expand the business of the organization. According to Valacich and Schneider. (2016). Information systems today: managing in the digital world. Boston: Pearson. Said “Organizations use information systems to become more productive and profitable, to gain competitive advantage, to reach more customers, or to improve customer service.” These are some fundamental rules of information system in business, which help organization to have more profit, to have uniqueness, to attract more customers, and to develop the services. These fundamental roles are required in any business because they help organization to be successful. To sum the ideas, information systems help organization in communication, performance, and decision-making.3.3. Types of information systems used in organizations todayIn class we took 15 types of information systems, but there are four major information systems that are used heavily in organizations today. They are Transaction processing systems (TPS), Customer Relationship Management Systems (CRM), Management Information Systems (MIS), and Executive Support Systems (ESS) (Shipsey, R. 2010). Transaction processing systems is used to keep track of everyday business activities in an organization like sales, deposits, and flow of material. Customer Relationship Management Systems help companies retain good contacts with their customers. Management Information Systems help middle management in a company monitor and control its actions, by generating reports on the performance of all sides of the business. Executive Support Systems help senior managers tackle strategic issues that are happening inside and outside a company (Shipsey, 2010).3.4. Role of Management Information Systems in decision-makingManagement Information Systems has many definitions but the most precise is by (Waston, 1987) “an organizational method of providing past, present and projected information related to internal operations and external intelligence. It supports the planning, control and operation functions of an organization by furnishing uniform information in the proper time frame to assist the decision makers". The reason Management Information Systems is used is to keep a non-stop flow of information to the management and with that information they make decisions. All companies want to be more productive and profitable, so they use Management Information Systems to gain a comparative advantage. Management Information Systems makes processing information faster so it takes less time to make decisions. Management Information Systems also help increase the quality of decisions made because it can provide a huge amount of information to base the decision on.3.5. Common problems in using and implementing Management Information Systems in an organizationThe implementation of Management Information Systems on the organization changes lot of things. It is a new way of working in an organization and the way people view their work. It changes the employees’ skills requirements and also the culture of the entire organization.This change may cause problems in the process of implementation; also the people in the organization may resist this change. Furthermore, Management Information Systems implementations include transition of an information system from a controlled environment of plan to the real environment of an organization because sometimes, information systems that work fine in a controlled environment that fails to deliver in the real environment (Thakur, D.).According to my research from some organizations managers’ articles, there are five common problems that the implementation of Management Information Systems can cause:-The creation of a new information system may result in changes in several organizational units. For example, inventory and procurement departments can be integrated to increase the efficiency of Management Information Systems. Circle members may resist this disorder, which may resent changing the way they do things or people who work with them.-The informal communications network may be disrupted because the new management information system is changing communication patterns. If the members of the Organization preferred some of the earlier informal mechanisms for gathering and distributing information, they might resist the more formal channels established for the new system. Development and graduates Office managers often speak informally about university graduates. The new Management Information Systems cannot interfere with this valuable communications channel.-People who have many years of service with the organization have "learned the ropes" and know how to accomplish things in the existing system. They may resist change more deeply than new people who have been with the organization for a relatively short period of time and have little investment in how organizational knowledge and relationships.-If senior management maintains open communication relationships with grievances and generally establishes a culture of trust throughout the institution, there is likely to be less resistance to the installation of a new management information system. However, if senior managers are isolated or isolated from other members of the organization, or if the organizational culture supports inflexible behavior, it is likely to impede the effective implementation of the Management Information Systems. In many colleges and universities, departments were relatively independent through tradition. In this type of culture, the support of senior management must be complemented by broad support from Members.-As we have seen over and over earlier, the etiquette that is designed and implemented changes affects the amount of resistance that you will experience these changes. Generally, when managers and employees make decisions to change together, there is a greater likelihood that changes will be accepted.As you can see, the difficulty of managing a new introduction to Management Information Systems is an example of management in general. Organizational structure, communication, motivation, organizational culture, and collective decision-making ideas that must be familiar to you now are all involved in the process of changing the MIS (Al-Mamary, Y. H. 2014).4. ConclusionIn conclusion, Information Systems are an essential part of doing business nowadays because they help an organization do things faster, better, and smarter. Also there are four major types of information systems, with each having its use in making an organization more competitive. I also discussed the common problems of using and implementing Management Information systems in an organization.5. References1. Valacich, J. S., & Schneider, C. (2016). Information systems today: managing in the digital world. Boston: Pearson.2. Brynjolfsson, A. M. (2014, October 08). Big Data: The Management Revolution. Retrieved October 18, 2017, from . Thakur, D. Problems in Implementing MIS. Retrieved from . Al-Mamary, Y. H., Shamsuddin, A., & Aziati, N. (2014). Factors Affecting Successful Adoption of Management Information Systems in Organizations towards Enhancing Organizational Performance. American Journal of Systems and Software, 2(5), 121-126.)5. Shipsey, R. (2010). Information systems: Foundations of e-business volume 1. Retrieved from . Waston, H.J., Carroll, A. B., & Mann, R. I. (1987), Information Systems forManagement, Plano, TX: Business Publications Inc. ................
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