Chapter 2: The Muslim World Expands



Chapter 2: The Muslim World ExpandsThe Ottomans Build a Vast EmpireBy 1300 ____________ was in decline and the Mongols had destroyed the Seljuk kingdom of :Anatolia was inhabited:They were :They weren’t :Many Anatolian Turks saw themselves as: A ghazi is:They formed ____________ under the leadership of an emir and: Raided the :Osman Establishes a StateOsman:Westerners called him ________and called his followers _________He built a __________________________________1300 and 1326He was successful because:Also used cannon:Cannons could:The second Ottoman was :He gave himself the title :___________________ or One with PowerCaptured :This was the 2nd most important city in the Byzantine EmpireMuslims in these areas were required :Non Muslims were exempted from military service and had to pay a small tax Timur the Lame Timur-I-lang or Tamerlane as he was known to the Europeans:He was from the Central Asian kingdom of ________________. He burned _________ to the ground. He was also known for making pyramids of human skulls outside the areas he conquered so that people would know his strength. Powerful Sultans Spur Dramatic ExpansionAs soon as Timur turned to China,:Mehmed I:His son __________ defeated the Venetians, invaded Hungary and :Mehmed II Conquers ConstantinopleAlso known as ____________________________, took power in 1451By the time he took over :Mehmed attacked ____________ in 1453 with cannons but they were kept to one side by a chain across the Golden Horn from the Bosporus to the Sea of Marmara Mehmed dragged :The siege continued : Mehmed opened:Rebuilt and renamed the city:Ottomans Take Islam’s Holy CitiesMehmed’s grandson,___________________________came to power in 1512He defeated the _______________ in the ____________________ then took Syria, Palestine, and areas in North Africa.He took the holy cities of :Suleyman (Suleiman) the LawgiverThe Empire Reaches its limitsSuleyman was : He conquered _______________, and in 1522 Turkish forces captured the _________________ in the Mediterranean and now dominated the whole eastern MediterraneanHe then captured ______________ on the coast of N. AfricaBy taking cities on the N. African coast, the ottomans gained control of the trade routes to the interior of the continentIn 1526:They then pushed into:Highly Structured Social Organization.Suleyman created :He simplified :Reduced :Gained him the title of _______________________ – Europeans called him the MagnificentHe had _____________________ personal slaves that staffed the palace bureaucracyThey were part of a policy called:Sultan’s army took boys from the peoples of the conquered Christian territoriesThey were then :JanissariesThe Sultan also had an elite force of soldiers known as ________________________ that were trained to be loyal to the sultan onlySuleyman was required:He granted :Each millet : The head of the millet:Cultural FloweringSuleyman studied:He employed a man named Sinan to build:There was also a creative period that began:The Empire Declines SlowlySuleyman killed : ____________________________was the only one left to take the throne. He wasn’t very good at itThis set :Each sultan would have his brothers strangled, then he would keep his sons in the harem, cut off from education or contact with the worldCreated:Cultural BlendingPatterns of Cultural BlendingEach time a culture :Causes of cultural blendingUsually caused by one or more of the following activitiesThe blending that contributed to the culture of the Ottomans :The Turks :The Ottomans:Suleyman’s interest :Results of cultural blendingCultural blending may lead to:Language - Religion and ethical systems – Styles of Government – The Safavids Build an EmpireIsma’il conquers Persia The Safavid:In 1499 __________________ began to seize most of what is now IranHe completed this task in:He took the title of _______________ to celebrate his achievementHe established ___________________ as the state religionIsma’il became:He killed:He destroyed:In response ______________ later ordered the ___________ of all Shi’a in the Ottoman EmpireAs many as 40,000 were killedThe final confrontation took place at the __________________________The ottomans :This set :It remains the border between :Isma’il’s son ________________ adopted the use:He expanded the Safavid empire up the __________________________and brought Christians under his controlThe Safavid Golden Age____________________________________________ took the throne in 1587ReformsShah Abbas reformed:He limited the power :One of these was an:The other was similar:He reformed :He punished :He even hired :To prove that he was tolerant and to encourage growth, he brought members of Christian religious orders into the empire and more Europeans moved into his landsAs a result :A new capitolAbbas built the capitol of his empire at __________________The city was 4 ? miles and considered one of the most beautiful in the worldAbbas also brought:Carpet weavers from :As time went on the rugs began to take on more European themes after Abbas sent some weavers to Italy to study under RaphaelThe Dynasty Declines QuicklyAbbas, like Suleyman, ______________________his most able sons and his incompetent grandson __________________ had to take over after his deathIn 1736 _____________________ temporarily expanded the Safavid Empire all the way to India, but after his:This led to the development of a new empire in:The Mughal Empire in IndiaSetting the StageThe Gupta empire fell in the 400s then India was invaded by the Huns and Muslim Turks and Afghans.Their leader was related to Timur the Lame and the Mongol leader Genghis KhanThey called themselves ______________ which means MongolsEarly History of the MughalsFor almost 300 years ____________________________________________ in this region but the Muslims couldn’t advance farther than the Indus RiverAround the year :Led by : Delhi SultanateCapitol of:Treated :__________different sultans ruled between 1200 and 1500Destroyed in :Babur Founds an EmpireIn 1494 an 11 y/o boy named _____________________ inherited an area that is now:Land was :He built :In 1526 he led :In 1527 :His son ___________________________________ however was not as able and:This man inherited :His son___________________________, took over when he was 13Akbar’s Golden AgeA Military ConquerorRealized that :Felt a king should _______________________ so that no one would try to take over his kingdomHe used: These allowed :He appointed some of his captured peoples as advisors and keeping them from becoming enemies of the stateA Liberal RulerAkbar was : He allowed :.He also did away with:As far as land went it was a bit differentHe granted land to bureaucrats, but:Kept:BUT also:A flowering CultureBecause of their contact with many different people and Akbar’s relative tolerance culture flourished in IndiaLanguageThe soldiers camps created their own language called ___________ (from the Soldier’s Camp) by blending languages from the many different Ethnic groups working thereThe Arts and LiteratureArts flourished especially illustrations in booksCalled:Humayun brought:The most famous miniatures are in the book:Indian literature also flourishedRetellings of old folk tales and religious stories predominatedThe poet__________________ retold the love story of the gods Rama and Sita based on the 4th century poem _________________His retelling, __________________________, is even more popular than the first.ArchitectureDevoted himself to:Akbar’s SuccessorsAkbar died in:Jahangir and Nur Jahan Akbar’s son called himself _____________________________ but mostly he left the rule of the country to his wife __________________She made ________________________ and figured she could use Jahangir’s son ____________________ as her ticket to powerThe kid rebelled so :Problem: He left and turned to the Sikhs for help.The Sikhs :They see themselves:Their leader, Guru Arjun:He was tortured to death for his troubles and his people became the target of Mughal hatred.Shah Jahan Successor to :Only really cared about two things: This started as an:She died in 1631 at the age of ______ giving birth to her 14th childTo memorialize her, he built the ________________The people of India: When he got sick:___________________won and killed his older brother and imprisoned his fatherAurangzeb’s ReignRuled from :Expanded :Empire :Strictly enforced :He brought back the : Fired:He banned:The Rajputs:They were:_______________________ their own state in south west India___________________ turned themselves into a brotherhood of warriors and built up a state in the _______________region of Northwest IndiaAurangzeb:The Empire’s Decline and DecayBy the end of Aurangzeb’s reign, the empire was:_______________________________ had died due to famine and people felt little or no loyalty to himThe power of the state was weakened further when:The Mughal Emperor became a figurehead that ruled over a group of small independent states instead of a united empire ................
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