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Honors Forensics Benchmark #2 Review Guide

Spring 2016

Drugs & Toxicology

1. Toxicology is the analysis of _____________ and ______________ and their effects on the body.

2. The most widely used illegal drug in the USA is ______________.

3. The most widely used legal drug in the USA is _______________.

4. Cherry red skin, nausea, labored breathing and sleepiness are signs of ______________ poisoning.

5. A victim smells of almonds. The Medical Examiner suspects __________________ poisoning.

6. Name the common field sobriety tests.

7. Breathalyzer tests are conducted to detect ____________________.

8. Narcotics are derived from the __________________ plant.

9. Narcotics reduce ____________ and induce ________________.

10. ________________ cause increased heart rate, increased blood pressure and increased respiration.

11. Cocaine is a _____________ while alcohol is a ______________.

12. The Schedule of Drugs was a result of the ___________________ _____________________ Act.

13. The Schedule classifications are based on

a.

b.

c.

d.

14. Who is the father of toxicology?

15. T or F Any substance may be poisonous.

16. A ________________________ is the poison of snakes, spiders, scorpions, etc. and is ___________ under the skin.

17. LD50 is the dosage the kills __________________ of the test population in under ______ hours.

a. 25%, 4 b. 50%, 4 c. 50%, 2 d. 100%, 1

18. T or F Chronic poisonings results in immediate death.

19. A victim is found to have crystals in the kidneys. This is a result of _____________ poisoning.

20. __________________ was nicknamed “Inheritance Powder”.

21. Hemlock was used to execute _____________________.

22. ______________________ leads to severe dental problems.

23. Which of the following is not classified as a hallucinogen?

a. LSD b. Ecstasy c. Marijuana d. PCP

24. The BAC is an indication of the amount of ______________ in someone’s bloodstream.

25. T or F The level of alcohol intoxication is directly related to size and gender.

26. Color tests performed on suspicious powders are a type of ________________________ tests.

27. The Scott Test is used to test for the drug ___________.

28. The Levine Test is used to test for the drug __________.

29. Hair is used to test for long term ______________ of a substance.

30. The GC-MS first separates the ____________________ and then __________________ the components.

31. The GC-MS is an example of a __________________________ test.

32. T or F Depressants cause bad breath and acne.

33. What percentage of evidence analyzed in a crime lab is drug related? How has this impacted the growth of crime labs?

34. What are Mees Lines and how are they formed?

35. Why is Heroin a Schedule I drug but Cocaine is a Schedule II drug?

DNA

1. In 1985, the work of ______________________ lead to the first DNA typing.

2. Before 1960, most crimes were solved by ______________________.

3. In DNA, nucleic acid adenine bonds to ___________ and cytosine bonds to ___________.

4. Which is better to use for paternity determination, blood typing or DNA? Why?

5. DNA is the acronym for ___________________________________________.

6. T or F The charge of DNA is slightly positive.

7. DNA fragments move through a gel due to ____________ and _____________.

8. The shape of the DNA molecule is ___________________________________.

9. Who is credited with the discovery of the shape of DNA?

10. Define polymer.

11. Skeletonized remains are analyzed using _______________________ DNA.

12. T or F Mitochondrial DNA is inherited from both the mother and the father.

13. Why is mitochondrial DNA more abundant than nuclear DNA?

14. _______________________ cells do not contain nuclear DNA.

15. T or F Identical twins have the same DNA.

16. T or F Fraternal twins have the same DNA.

17. For each of the following descriptions, choose RFLP, PCR, STR or all three:

a. Oldest test

b. Makes millions of copies of DNA

c. Used to obtain results for CODIS

d. Uses a type of electrophoresis

e. Needs a large amount of DNA

f. Takes the longest time to run

g. Most creditable results

h. Based on repeating patterns

[pic]

18. In the autoradiograph above, Lanes #1 and #2 are husband and wife. What can be determined about the people represented by Lanes #3-#5?

19. On the diagram below, which fragments are the largest? Which size fragment is most abundant?

[pic]

20. Identify the components of Strand X. Fill in the missing nucleic acids.

[pic]

21. What is CODIS and when was it established?

22. What agency established and maintains CODIS?

23. Analyze the DNA fingerprint below. Which suspect is a match? How do you know?

[pic]

24. Which cells are generally used when obtaining a DNA sample from either a suspect or a victim?

25. What percentage of the human genome is made of “junk” DNA? codes for proteins?

Serology and Blood Spatter

1. Serology is the study of all body ____________________.

2. Antigens are found on the __________ and antibodies in the _____________.

3. The average adult has ____________ liters of blood.

4. T or F A red blood cell is also known as a leukocyte.

5. Plasma makes up _______________ % of blood.

6. Type AB blood contains ________ antigens and __________ antibodies.

7. During routine blood typing, the presence of the antigens __________________ is analyzed.

8. For the ABO group, the most common blood type in the US is __________ the least common in the US is __________.

9. Create a Punnett Square for the offspring of a heterozygous A male and a homozygous O female.

10. The blood drops below would be classified as

a. passive b. active c. transfer d. simulated

[pic]

11. Solve for the angle of impact for the blood drop below.

[pic]

12. Label the different parts of the drop below.

[pic]

13. The tail of an elongated blood drop indicates the ___________________ of travel.

14. Explain the difference between high and low velocity blood spatter.

15. Blood spatter patterns depend on the ___________, ___________, and ____________ of the blood.

16. Luminol is used to detect __________________________________________.

17. T or F Blood stains cleaned with bleach will be undetectable.

18. A bloody shoeprint is an example of a _____________ stain.

a. passive b. active c. transfer d. simulated

19. A suspect removed a pillow from a very bloody crime scene. The space where the pillow had been located is known as a ________________ pattern.

20. T or F The drop below fell straight down on a non-porous surface.

[pic]

21. A gunshot would result in blood spatter that looked like _______________.

22. Define agglutination.

23. Label the blood type for each example.

[pic]

24. Explain the difference between mammalian and non-mammalian blood.

25. What type of test is the Kastle-Meyer test?

26. What is a secretor?

27. Explain two reasons why a semen sample would not contain sperm cells.

Prints and Impressions

1. Dactyloscopy is the study of ____________________.

2. Fingerprints are (class, individual) evidence.

3. Fingerprints are formed during _________________ development at ____________ weeks.

4. T or F Someone may obliterate their fingerprints.

5. T or F Identical twins have the same fingerprints.

6. T or F Fraternal twins have the same fingerprints.

7. The database for fingerprints is known by the acronym _______________.

8. Generally how many ridge characteristics (minutiae) must be matched between the fingerprint found at the crime scene and the fingerprint of the suspect?

9. Label the prints below with the correct pattern.

[pic]

10. For each fingerprint pattern identify two characteristics that are unique to that type of pattern.

11. Which pattern is the most common? least common?

12. What are the two sub-categories for a loop pattern?

13. What are the two sub-categories for an arch pattern?

14. Label the types of minutiae in the diagram below

[pic]

15. A print was found in a muddy flower bed. This would be classified as a ______________ print.

16. A print was developed with dusting powder. This would be classified as a ____________ print.

17. Superglue fuming would be used for a print found on a _____________________ surface.

18. Latent fingerprints are composed of ________________________________.

19. Who is credited with the idea that fingerprints are unique to an individual?

20. Which principle, first, second or third, states that fingerprints remain unchanged throughout a person’s lifetime?

21. When should a print be developed with ninhydrin?

22. List other prints that may be collected at a crime scene.

23. Tire and shoe impressions are best documented by ________________________ followed by _______________.

24. Bite mark evidence is generally found in __________________ __________________ cases.

25. Scratch marks on tools are known as ___________________________.

26. Which type of tool is most often used in a breaking and entering case?

27. Explain how a tread pattern may be considered individualized evidence.

28. Which piece of laboratory equipment is used to analyze striations on a tool and striations found at a crime scene?

29. What factors affect the quality of an impression?

30. T or F The FBI maintains a database for tire and shoe impressions.

Questioned Documents

1. What is a questioned document?

2. Questioned documents include _____________________________________________________.

3. What is the difference between a questioned document examiner and a graphologist?

4. Which technique is used to separate the components found in ink?

5. Define solute and solvent.

6. What is the Retention Factor (Rf) for a substance that has traveled 0.l7 cm when the solvent has traveled 0.45 cm?

7. Obliterated writing results from ________________________________.

8. Which writing instrument is analyzed with the Hardness Scale?

9. List three features that are used as anti-counterfeiting measures.

10. The ____________ _________________ is the agency that investigates counterfeit money.

11. T or F Forgery is a type of fraud.

12. What characteristics may be analyzed by a forensic linguist?

13. Sue copies her friend’s signature, but throws it away. Did Sue commit a crime?

14. A criminal signs your signature even though they have never seen your signature. This is an example of a __________________ forgery.

15. A criminal signs your signature while looking at a document that you previously signed. This is an example of a ________________ forgery.

16. Describe four characteristics of the handwriting in the sample below

[pic]

17. T or F Black ink is composed of black pigments.

18. How would you determine if any of the signatures below are forgeries?

[pic]

19. The _____________ is the agency that gathers intelligence for our government.

20. T or F Samuel Morse invented Morse Code.

21. Explain why polygraph evidence is not allowed in court.

22. Does a polygraph meet the “Frye Standard”?

23. What are the two types of identity theft?

24. Explain the differences in the two types listed above.

Multiple Choice Practice

1. Handwriting which joins all upper and lower cases letters is known as __________

a. script b. graphic c. cursive d. connected

2. Which of the following statements is true?

a. An individual’s handwriting is unaffected as they age

b. An individual’s handwriting has natural variations

c. An individual’s handwriting is unaffected by stress or illness

d. Drug and alcohol use has no impact on handwriting variations

3. Which of the following is not an anti-counterfeiting feature?

a. Watermark

b. UV strip

c. Color shifting ink

d. 3-D portrait

4. What type of packaging is recommended for biological evidence?

a. Aluminum pouch b. zip-loc baggie c. sealed glass jar d. paper bag

5. Tire __________ occur when the tire treads are recorded in moldable material.

a. Impressions b. prints c. preservations d. striations

6. _______________ are created when fingers touch a newly painted surface.

a. Latent prints b. plastic prints c. patent prints

7. Hallucinogens are

a. Often derived from plants

b. Never derived from plants

c. Always derived from plants

d. Rarely derived from plants

8. Narcotics act to

a. Reduce pain by suppressing the central nervous system’s ability to relay pain messages to the brain

b. Reduce pain by suppressing the brain’s ability to relay pain messages to the central nervous system

c. Increase pain by increasing the central nervous system’s ability to relay pain messages to the brain

d. None of these choices

9. DNA fingerprinting was developed by

a. Galton b. Watson c. Jeffrey d. Fauld

10. The DNA fingerprint of a child is

a. A 100% match to both parents

b. A 100% match to the father

c. A 100% match to the mother

d. A 50% match to both the father and the mother

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