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General Psychology Exam #1
If a measure produces the same measurement whenever it is used to measure the same thing, it is said to have
power
validity
reliability
Which of the following is a neurotransmitter found at the neuro-muscular junction?
Hypocretin
Amyltriptamine
Acetylcholine
What is “power”?
The strength to rule Middle Earth
The statistical significance of test results
The sensitivity and specificity of a test
Which school of thought attempted to gather information about conscious experience using introspection?
Functionalism
Structuralism
Behaviorism
Which neurotransmitter is blocked by caffeine?
Dopamine
Adenosine
Kerosene
What is a standard deviation?
The sum of all the scores in a distribution divided by the number of scores in the distribution
The average distance from the mean of every score in the distribution
The percentage of scores falling both above and below the mean
Which of the following is a GABA agonist?
Alcohol
MSG
THC
Which of the following measures changes in electrical brainwave activity in the brain?
FMRI
EKG
EEG
William James ________
died in 1987
founded the Vienna Psychoanalytic Society
was impressed with Charles Darwin
Which best describes external validity?
Whether the construct is being measured accurately
Whether the construct is being measured in a way that is realistic and meaningful
Whether the construct is being measured in meaningful increments
Attempting to measure personality or intelligence by measuring the shape of the skull is called
oneirology
nephrology
phrenology
nerphology
Which best describes internal (construct) validity?
Whether the construct is being measured accurately
Whether the construct is being measured in a way that is realistic and meaningful
Whether the construct is being measured in meaningful increments
Who applied behavioral research to the field of education?
Francis Gall
G. Stanley Hall
Francis Galton
A bowler plays five games. Her score on the first game is 300 – a perfect game. However, her next four scores are 125, 150, 116, and 136. What statistical trend does this demonstrate?
Regression
Randomization
Collectivization
Which pair of psychologists conducted groundbreaking research on the impact of segregation on the self-esteem of African-American children, AKA the “doll test”?
Sigmund and Anna Freud
John and Rosalie Rayner
Kenneth and Mamie Clark
Which neurotransmitter is metabolized by monoamine oxidase?
Acetylcholine
Hypocretin
Histamine
Who was the first woman to become president of the American Psychological Association?
Margaret Washburn
Mary Whiton Calkins
Marsha Linehan
The chemicals that transmit information across the synapse to a receiving neuron's dendrite are called
neurotransmitters
terminal buttons
vesicles
Behaviorism involves the study of
unconscious influences
observable actions and responses
the potential for human growth
The _____ automatically controls the organs of the body
parasympathetic nervous system
sympathetic nervous system
autonomic nervous system
What does correlation coefficient show?
The disrection and strength of a correlation
the value of a specific variable
the degree of natural correlation
The study of mental processes such as perception and memory is called
Cognitive psychology
Gestalt psychology
Social Psychology
Which of the following is the best definition of a hypothesis?
A falsifiable prediction
a theoretical idea
empirical evidence
Which part of the brain is the location of the primary visual cortex?
The thalamus
area V1
the lateral geniculate nucleus
The Functionalist approach was inspired by
James' Principes of Psychology
Darwin's On the Origin of Species
Titchener's Outline of Psychology
Which part of the hindbrain coordinates fine motor skills
the pons
the medulla
the cerebellum
The belief that accurate knowledge can be acquired through observation is
dogmatism
parsimony
empiricism
An electrical signal which travels down the length of an axon to the synapse is called
an action potential
a resting potential
an ion
Social Psychology differs from most other psychological approaches in its emphasis on
laboratory experimentation
human interaction
the individual
Which is involved in movement and arousal?
The midbrain
the hindbrain
the forebrain
When two variables are correlated, what keeps us from concluding that one is the cause and the other is the effect?
Correlation strength is impossible to measure
the possibility of a third-variable correlation
random assignment of control groups
Watson and Pavlov focused on
perception and behavior
reward and punishment
stimulus and response
In a questionnaire concerning attitudes about global warming administered to groups separated by age, gender, and state of residence, the dependent variable is
gender
attitudes about global warming
state of residence
Cultural psychology emphasizes that
insights gained from studying one culture will rarely generalize to other cultures
culture shapes some, but not all, psychological phenomena
all psychological processes are influenced to some extent by culture
Which of the following describes the average value of all the measurements in a distribution?
Range
mean
median
What explains the apparent beneficial effects of cardiovascular exercise on aspects of brain function and cognitive performance?
Neuron plasticity
the position of the cerebral cortex
specialization of association areas
In the 1800s, French biologist Pierre Florens and French physiologist Paul Broca conducted research that demonstrated a connection between
The mind and the brain
skull shape and personality
brain size and mental ability
An experiment that operationally defines variables in a realistic way is
statistically significant
operationally defined
externally valid
Genes set the _____ within a population in a particular environment
behavioral standards
individual characteristics
range of variation
Central to evolutionary psychology is the _____ function that minds and brains serve
adaptive
emotional
cultural
Unconscious processes are understood as
unexperiencedmental processes
a hidden system of instincts and desires
a concentrated pattern of thought suppression
Signals are transmitted between neurons
through a glial cell
by the myelin sheath
across a synapse
When people find evidence that confirms their beliefs, they tend to
seek evidence that presents both sides
stop looking
seek evidence which disproves their conclusions
The psychological theory that emphasizes the positive potential of human beings is known as
humanistic psychology
structuralism
psychoanalytic theory
Aspects of an observation setting that cause people to behave as they think they should are called
reaction conditions
demand characteristics
observer biases
The use of scanning techniques to observe the brain in action helped the development of
cognitive neuroscience
evolutionary psychology
cultural psychology
Which type of neuron receives information from the external world and conveys this information to the brain?
Interneuron
motor neuron
sensory neuron
Historians generally credit the emergence of psychology as a science to
Wilhelm Wundt
Sigmund Freud
John Watson
Edward Titchener
According to the APA, when is it acceptable for a psychologist to coerce participants?
When the results of the study may benefit humanity
never
when the participants are financially compensated
Sensory neurons are also called
afferent
efferent
offerent
Bonus Questions – 2 Points Each
(Incorrect answers are NOT counted against you)
These are the cumulative winning percentage of individuals who are part of the Dunderball League. Because of scheduling irregularities, some have played more games than others. Based on this information, and the statistical concept of normalization, who has most likely played the most games?
Jim
Oscar
Dwight
Toby
Angela
Kevin
Who has most likely played the fewest games (again, based on the concept of normalization)
Michael
Erin
Robert
Gabe
Nellie
Darryl
Compared with a normal distribution, what kind of distribution would we see if we gave IQ tests to members of a genius illuminati cabal?
A normal distribution with a mean of 100
A negatively skewed distribution with a mean of 130
A positively skewed distribution with a mean of 95
Based on the following information, which hypothesis should be accepted?
| |T1 |T2 |T3 |P |C |
|Pre-Tx μ |100 |100 |100 |100 |100 |
|Post-Tx μ |115 |97 |103 |116 |N/A |
|Avg Δ |+7 |-2.7 |+.08 |+7.2 |N/A |
| p = |.062 |.68 |.419 |.049 |>.95 |
H1: Treatment group 1 (T1) will significantly outperform all other groups after receiving the treatment.
H2: Treatment group 2 (T2) will significantly outperform all other groups after receiving the treatment.
H3: Treatment group 3 (T3) will significantly outperform all other groups after receiving the treatment.
Null: The study failed to show a statistically significant difference between the treatment groups.
Citrus fruits contain high levels of furanocoumarins, which inhibit the CYP3A4 metabolizing protein. This protein is responsible for the breakdown of several neurotransmitters, particularly the monoamines, which is why eating grapefruit while concurrently taking any selective-serotonin reuptake inhibitor or monoamine oxidase inhibitor carries a substantial risk of serotonin overdose. Based on this, furanocoumarins would be considered:
a serotonin antagonist
a monoamine oxidase inhibitor
a serotonin agonist
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