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General Psychology Exam #1

If a measure produces the same measurement whenever it is used to measure the same thing, it is said to have

power

validity

reliability

Which of the following is a neurotransmitter found at the neuro-muscular junction?

Hypocretin

Amyltriptamine

Acetylcholine

What is “power”?

The strength to rule Middle Earth

The statistical significance of test results

The sensitivity and specificity of a test

Which school of thought attempted to gather information about conscious experience using introspection?

Functionalism

Structuralism

Behaviorism

Which neurotransmitter is blocked by caffeine?

Dopamine

Adenosine

Kerosene

What is a standard deviation?

The sum of all the scores in a distribution divided by the number of scores in the distribution

The average distance from the mean of every score in the distribution

The percentage of scores falling both above and below the mean

Which of the following is a GABA agonist?

Alcohol

MSG

THC

Which of the following measures changes in electrical brainwave activity in the brain?

FMRI

EKG

EEG

William James ________

died in 1987

founded the Vienna Psychoanalytic Society

was impressed with Charles Darwin

Which best describes external validity?

Whether the construct is being measured accurately

Whether the construct is being measured in a way that is realistic and meaningful

Whether the construct is being measured in meaningful increments

Attempting to measure personality or intelligence by measuring the shape of the skull is called

oneirology

nephrology

phrenology

nerphology

Which best describes internal (construct) validity?

Whether the construct is being measured accurately

Whether the construct is being measured in a way that is realistic and meaningful

Whether the construct is being measured in meaningful increments

Who applied behavioral research to the field of education?

Francis Gall

G. Stanley Hall

Francis Galton

A bowler plays five games. Her score on the first game is 300 – a perfect game. However, her next four scores are 125, 150, 116, and 136. What statistical trend does this demonstrate?

Regression

Randomization

Collectivization

Which pair of psychologists conducted groundbreaking research on the impact of segregation on the self-esteem of African-American children, AKA the “doll test”?

Sigmund and Anna Freud

John and Rosalie Rayner

Kenneth and Mamie Clark

Which neurotransmitter is metabolized by monoamine oxidase?

Acetylcholine

Hypocretin

Histamine

Who was the first woman to become president of the American Psychological Association?

Margaret Washburn

Mary Whiton Calkins

Marsha Linehan

The chemicals that transmit information across the synapse to a receiving neuron's dendrite are called

neurotransmitters

terminal buttons

vesicles

Behaviorism involves the study of

unconscious influences

observable actions and responses

the potential for human growth

The _____ automatically controls the organs of the body

parasympathetic nervous system

sympathetic nervous system

autonomic nervous system

What does correlation coefficient show?

The disrection and strength of a correlation

the value of a specific variable

the degree of natural correlation

The study of mental processes such as perception and memory is called

Cognitive psychology

Gestalt psychology

Social Psychology

Which of the following is the best definition of a hypothesis?

A falsifiable prediction

a theoretical idea

empirical evidence

Which part of the brain is the location of the primary visual cortex?

The thalamus

area V1

the lateral geniculate nucleus

The Functionalist approach was inspired by

James' Principes of Psychology

Darwin's On the Origin of Species

Titchener's Outline of Psychology

Which part of the hindbrain coordinates fine motor skills

the pons

the medulla

the cerebellum

The belief that accurate knowledge can be acquired through observation is

dogmatism

parsimony

empiricism

An electrical signal which travels down the length of an axon to the synapse is called

an action potential

a resting potential

an ion

Social Psychology differs from most other psychological approaches in its emphasis on

laboratory experimentation

human interaction

the individual

Which is involved in movement and arousal?

The midbrain

the hindbrain

the forebrain

When two variables are correlated, what keeps us from concluding that one is the cause and the other is the effect?

Correlation strength is impossible to measure

the possibility of a third-variable correlation

random assignment of control groups

Watson and Pavlov focused on

perception and behavior

reward and punishment

stimulus and response

In a questionnaire concerning attitudes about global warming administered to groups separated by age, gender, and state of residence, the dependent variable is

gender

attitudes about global warming

state of residence

Cultural psychology emphasizes that

insights gained from studying one culture will rarely generalize to other cultures

culture shapes some, but not all, psychological phenomena

all psychological processes are influenced to some extent by culture

Which of the following describes the average value of all the measurements in a distribution?

Range

mean

median

What explains the apparent beneficial effects of cardiovascular exercise on aspects of brain function and cognitive performance?

Neuron plasticity

the position of the cerebral cortex

specialization of association areas

In the 1800s, French biologist Pierre Florens and French physiologist Paul Broca conducted research that demonstrated a connection between

The mind and the brain

skull shape and personality

brain size and mental ability

An experiment that operationally defines variables in a realistic way is

statistically significant

operationally defined

externally valid

Genes set the _____ within a population in a particular environment

behavioral standards

individual characteristics

range of variation

Central to evolutionary psychology is the _____ function that minds and brains serve

adaptive

emotional

cultural

Unconscious processes are understood as

unexperiencedmental processes

a hidden system of instincts and desires

a concentrated pattern of thought suppression

Signals are transmitted between neurons

through a glial cell

by the myelin sheath

across a synapse

When people find evidence that confirms their beliefs, they tend to

seek evidence that presents both sides

stop looking

seek evidence which disproves their conclusions

The psychological theory that emphasizes the positive potential of human beings is known as

humanistic psychology

structuralism

psychoanalytic theory

Aspects of an observation setting that cause people to behave as they think they should are called

reaction conditions

demand characteristics

observer biases

The use of scanning techniques to observe the brain in action helped the development of

cognitive neuroscience

evolutionary psychology

cultural psychology

Which type of neuron receives information from the external world and conveys this information to the brain?

Interneuron

motor neuron

sensory neuron

Historians generally credit the emergence of psychology as a science to

Wilhelm Wundt

Sigmund Freud

John Watson

Edward Titchener

According to the APA, when is it acceptable for a psychologist to coerce participants?

When the results of the study may benefit humanity

never

when the participants are financially compensated

Sensory neurons are also called

afferent

efferent

offerent

Bonus Questions – 2 Points Each

(Incorrect answers are NOT counted against you)

These are the cumulative winning percentage of individuals who are part of the Dunderball League. Because of scheduling irregularities, some have played more games than others. Based on this information, and the statistical concept of normalization, who has most likely played the most games?

Jim

Oscar

Dwight

Toby

Angela

Kevin

Who has most likely played the fewest games (again, based on the concept of normalization)

Michael

Erin

Robert

Gabe

Nellie

Darryl

Compared with a normal distribution, what kind of distribution would we see if we gave IQ tests to members of a genius illuminati cabal?

A normal distribution with a mean of 100

A negatively skewed distribution with a mean of 130

A positively skewed distribution with a mean of 95

Based on the following information, which hypothesis should be accepted?

| |T1 |T2 |T3 |P |C |

|Pre-Tx μ |100 |100 |100 |100 |100 |

|Post-Tx μ |115 |97 |103 |116 |N/A |

|Avg Δ |+7 |-2.7 |+.08 |+7.2 |N/A |

| p = |.062 |.68 |.419 |.049 |>.95 |

H1: Treatment group 1 (T1) will significantly outperform all other groups after receiving the treatment.

H2: Treatment group 2 (T2) will significantly outperform all other groups after receiving the treatment.

H3: Treatment group 3 (T3) will significantly outperform all other groups after receiving the treatment.

Null: The study failed to show a statistically significant difference between the treatment groups.

Citrus fruits contain high levels of furanocoumarins, which inhibit the CYP3A4 metabolizing protein. This protein is responsible for the breakdown of several neurotransmitters, particularly the monoamines, which is why eating grapefruit while concurrently taking any selective-serotonin reuptake inhibitor or monoamine oxidase inhibitor carries a substantial risk of serotonin overdose. Based on this, furanocoumarins would be considered:

a serotonin antagonist

a monoamine oxidase inhibitor

a serotonin agonist

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