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13.1-13.2 READING GUIDE: RNA & Protein Synthesis

A. Section 13.1: RNA (pages 362-365)

The Role of RNA

1) What does RNA stand for?

2) Compare DNA and RNA in the table below.

| |DNA |RNA |

|Number of strands | | |

|Nitrogen Bases | | |

|Type of sugar | | |

3) What are the functions of the 3 types of RNA?

● mRNA:

● rRNA:

● tRNA:

RNA Synthesis

4) What is transcription?

5) a) What enzyme is involved in transcription?

b) What are the functions of this enzyme?

6) Define PROMOTER:

7) What is the role of a promoter in RNA synthesis?

8) Compare introns and exons.

9) What would happen if introns were not removed from pre-mRNA?

B. Section 13.2: Ribosomes and Protein Synthesis (pages 366-371)

The Genetic Code

1) How many different amino acids are found in polypeptides?

2) What determines the properties of different proteins?

a)

b)

3) What determines the function of a protein?

4) Define CODON:

5) Using Figure 13.6 on page 367, answer the following questions.

a) What is the amino acid with the codon of CAC?

b) What is the amino acid with the codon of GAC?

c) What are the codons for the amino acid Asparagine?

6) What is the “start” codon for protein synthesis?

7) Using the following DNA sequence, GACAAGTCCACAATC, answer the following questions:

a) What is the mRNA sequence to DNA sequence above?

b) Using Figure 13-6, write the amino acid sequence of mRNA strand in “a”.

Translation

8) Define TRANSLATION:

9) What is an anitcodon?

10) Using the “Visual Summary” on pages 368-369, summarize the steps in translation. (following the transcription of DNA into mRNA in the nucleus, and the mRNA then enters the cytoplasm)…

11) If the code on a DNA is CTA, what is the mRNA codon?

What would be the tRNA anticodon?

What would be the amino acid?

12) If the sequence of DNA is: TACCTTATACCG

• give the mRNA sequence:

• tRNA sequence:

• amino acid sequence:

13) a) How many mRNA bases are in 5 codons?

b) If there are 21 mRNA bases, how many codons are there?

c) If a protein is 100 amino acids in length, how long (how many base pairs) were in the original DNA

sequence that coded for that protein? SHOW YOUR WORK!

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