01



Respiratory and Circulatory Systems

Study Guide

Answer Key

Section 1. Respiratory and Circulatory Functions

1. RESPIRATORY

2. circulatory

3. homeostasis

4. 4; 1; 3; 2

5. 3; 2; 1

6. heart

7. arteries

8. veins

9. capillaries

10. cold

11. diaphragm

12. alveoli

Section 2. Respiration and Gas Exchange

1. HIGHER, LOWER

2. alveoli

3. surface area

4. hemoglobin

5. 2; 4; 3; 1

6. smoking

7. emphysema

8. asthma

9. cystic fibrosis

10. Asthma

11. Hemoglobin

12. emphysema

Section 3. The Heart and Circulation

1. RIGHT

2. right ventricle

3. left atrium

4. mitral

5. left ventricle

6. aortic

7. muscle, valves

8. ventricles

9. 2; 5; 3; 1; 4

10. pulmonary

11. systemic

12. first

13. pacemaker

Section 4. Blood Vessels and Transport

1. ARTERIES

2. Veins

3. muscle cells, elastic fibers (either order)

4. Capillary beds

5. blood, artery

6. systolic pressure

7. diastolic pressure

8. elasticity

9. hypertension

10. circulatory diseases

11. angioplasty; bypass surgery

12. arteriosclerosis; atherosclerosis

13. systolic pressure

14. diastolic pressure

Section 5. Blood

1–3. CORRECT ANSWERS, IN ANY ORDER: RED BLOOD CELLS, WHITE BLOOD CELLS, PLATELETS

4. plasma proteins

5–6. albumin; fibrinogen (either order)

7. Albumin

8. Fibrinogen

9. Immune proteins

10. red blood cells

11. white blood cells

12. platelets

13. blood type

14. Blood clots

15. the four blood types, A, B, AB, and O

16. platelet

17. Plasma

Section 1: Respiratory and Circulatory Functions

Study Guide

Key Concept

THE RESPIRATORY AND CIRCULATORY SYSTEMS BRING OXYGEN AND NUTRIENTS TO THE CELLS.

Vocabulary

|CIRCULATORY SYSTEM |ALVEOLI |VEIN |

|RESPIRATORY SYSTEM |DIAPHRAGM |CAPILLARY |

|TRACHEA |HEART | |

|LUNG |ARTERY | |

MAIN IDEA: THE RESPIRATORY AND CIRCULATORY SYSTEMS WORK TOGETHER TO MAINTAIN HOMEOSTASIS.

FILL IN THE BLANK WITH THE WORD OR PHRASE THAT BEST COMPLETES THE SENTENCE.

1. The main function of the _____________________ system is exchanging gases in the blood with gases from the atmosphere.

2. The main functions of the _____________________ system include transporting blood, bringing supplies to cells and carrying away wastes, and separating oxygen-poor blood from oxygen-rich blood.

3. The circulatory and respiratory systems work together to maintain _____________________ as the body’s needs for oxygen and

nutrients change.

MAIN IDEA: The respiratory system moves gases into and out of the blood.

NUMBER THE FOLLOWING PARTS OF THE BODY TO SHOW THE PATH THAT AIR TAKES AFTER IT ENTERS THE NOSE AND MOUTH.

4. _________ alveoli

_________ trachea

_________ bronchiole

_________ lungs

Study Guide continued

As shown in Figure 1.2, when you inhale, the muscles of the rib cage contract, expanding the rib cage. The diaphragm flattens and moves downward, and air flows into the lungs. Number the following phrases to show the sequence of events that happens when you exhale.

5. __________ air flows out

__________ air pressure inside the lungs increases

__________ muscles of the rib cage relax, making the rib cage smaller, and the diaphragm relaxes, causing it to rise

MAIN IDEA: The circulatory system moves blood to all parts of the body.

FILL IN THE CHART TO HELP YOU REMEMBER THE PARTS OF THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM AND

THEIR FUNCTIONS.

|Part |Function |

|6. |keeps blood moving to every part of the body |

|7. |carry blood away from the heart to the rest of the body |

|8. |carry blood from the body to the heart |

|9. |tiny blood vessels that transport blood to and from cells |

Circle the word that best completes the sentence.

10. To maintain a steady body temperature during hot / cold weather, blood vessels constrict to conserve heat. During hot / cold weather, the heart pumps harder and the blood vessels dilate to bring excess heat to the skin.

Vocabulary Check

Fill in the blank with the word that best completes the sentence.

11. The large dome-shaped muscle at the base of the rib cage is the _____________________.

12. The smallest branches of the respiratory system are the _____________________.

Section 2: Respiration and Gas Exchange

Study Guide

Key Concept

THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM EXCHANGES OXYGEN AND CARBON DIOXIDE.

Vocabulary

|RED BLOOD CELL |EMPHYSEMA |

|HEMOGLOBIN |ASTHMA |

MAIN IDEA: GAS EXCHANGE OCCURS IN THE ALVEOLI OF THE LUNGS.

FILL IN THE BLANK WITH THE WORD OR PHRASE THAT BEST COMPLETES THE SENTENCE.

1. Gases move by diffusion from an area of _____________________ concentration to an area of _____________________ concentration.

2. The circulatory and respiratory systems come together in the _____________________, where gas exchange takes place.

3. The large _____________________ provided by clusters of alveoli makes it possible for the lungs to absorb enough oxygen to keep you alive.

4. The _____________________ in red blood cells is an iron-rich protein that carries oxygen.

Number the following phrases to show the sequence of events that happens when CO2 levels in the blood increase.

5. ______ Sensors relay information about blood acidity to the medulla and pons in the brain stem.

______ Diaphragm and rib muscles are stimulated to work harder.

______ The medulla sends messages through the nervous and endocrine systems.

______ Blood becomes more acidic.

Study Guide continued

MAIN IDEA: Respiratory diseases interfere with gas exchange.

COMPLETE THE CHART BELOW BY FILLING IN THE BLANKS WITH THE DISEASE OR ACTIVITY THAT CORRESPONDS WITH ITS EFFECT ON THE LUNGS’ ABILITY TO EXCHANGE GASES.

|Activity or Disease |Effect on Lungs |

|6. |Tar deposits reduce gas exchange. |

|7. |Alveoli are destroyed. |

|8. |Muscle spasms cause bronchioles to constrict. |

|9. |Thick, sticky mucus blocks airways. |

Vocabulary Check

Fill in the blank with the word or phrase that best completes the sentence.

10. _____________________ is a constriction of the bronchioles that can be triggered by allergies, stress, or exposure to pollutants.

11. _____________________ is a protein that carries oxygen and has reddish color

because it contains iron.

12. Smoking is the primary cause of a lung disorder called _____________________.

Section 3: The Heart and Circulation

Study Guide

Key Concept

THE HEART IS A MUSCULAR PUMP THAT MOVES THE BLOOD THROUGH TWO PATHWAYS.

Vocabulary

|ATRIUM |PACEMAKER |

|VENTRICLE |PULMONARY CIRCULATION |

|VALVE |SYSTEMIC CIRCULATION |

MAIN IDEA: THE TISSUES AND STRUCTURES OF THE HEART MAKE IT AN EFFICIENT PUMP.

FILL IN THE BLANKS IN THE PATTERN NOTES BELOW WITH THE MAIN CHAMBERS AND VALVES OF THE HEART. USE FIGURE 3.1 TO HELP YOU.

Fill in the blank with the word or phrase that best completes the sentence.

7. There are two main reasons why the heart is such an efficient, self-regulating pump. First, cardiac _____________________ never gets tired. Second, the heart _____________________ prevent blood from flowing backward.

8. In the heartbeat cycle, the SA node stimulates the atria to contract, then the AV node causes the _____________________ to contract.

Study Guide continued

Number the following phrases to show the sequence of events that happens during a heartbeat cycle.

9. _________ Blood from the right ventricle is pumped into the pulmonary artery.

_________ Blood from the left atrium is pumped into the left ventricle, and from there to the rest of the body.

_________ Oxygen-poor blood moves into the lungs.

_________ Oxygen-poor blood flows into the right atrium, then is pumped into the right ventricle.

_________ Oxygen-rich blood moves from the lungs into the left atrium.

MAIN IDEA: The heart pumps blood through two main pathways.

FILL IN THE BLANK WITH THE WORD OR PHRASE THAT BEST COMPLETES THE SENTENCE.

10. The main functions of _____________________ circulation are to carry oxygen poor blood away from the heart into the lungs and bring oxygen-rich blood to the heart from the lungs.

11. The main functions of _____________________ circulation are to carry oxygen-rich blood to all parts of the body except the heart, and to carry oxygen-poor blood back to the heart.

Vocabulary Check

Fill in the blank with the word or phrase that best completes the sentence.

12. An atrium in a building is the first room or area that people enter before going into the rest of the building. Similarly, the atrium is the _____________________ chamber that blood enters when it moves into the heart from the body.

13. The SA node is called the heart’s _____________________ because it generates electrical signals that control the start of each heartbeat.

Section 4: Blood Vessels and Transport

Study Guide

Key Concept

THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM TRANSPORTS MATERIALS THROUGHOUT THE BODY.

Vocabulary

|BLOOD PRESSURE |DIASTOLIC PRESSURE |

|SYSTOLIC PRESSURE | |

MAIN IDEA: ARTERIES, VEINS, AND CAPILLARIES TRANSPORT BLOOD TO ALL PARTS

OF THE BODY.

FILL IN THE BLANK WITH THE WORD OR PHRASE THAT BEST COMPLETES THE SENTENCE.

1. _____________________ carry oxygen-rich blood away from the heart.

2. _____________________ carry oxygen-poor blood to the heart.

3. Unlike arteries and veins, capillaries contain no _____________________ or _____________________.

4. _____________________ are dense networks that form in areas of high metabolic activity, including lungs, kidneys, and liver.

5. When a doctor takes your blood pressure, he or she is measuring the force of _____________________ pushing against the wall of a(n) _____________________.

6. Pressure created when the left ventricle contracts is called _____________________.

7. Pressure created when the left ventricle relaxes is called _____________________.

8. Blood pressure increases if there are blockages in the artery, if the vessels have lost _____________________, or if the heart is weakened.

9. Permanent high blood pressure, called _____________________, can result in a heart attack or stroke.

Study Guide continued

MAIN IDEA: Lifestyle plays a key role in circulatory diseases.

COMPLETE THE FOLLOWING CONCEPT WEB TO SHOW HOW LIFESTYLE CHOICES CAN AFFECT CIRCULATORY HEALTH. CHOOSE FROM THE FOLLOWING TERMS: ARTERIOSCLEROSIS, ANGIOPLASTY, ATHEROSCLEROSIS, BYPASS SURGERY, CIRCULATORY DISEASES.

HINT: THERE ARE TWO CORRECT TERMS FOR ITEMS 11 AND 12.

Vocabulary Check

Fill in the blank with the word or phrase that best completes the sentence.

13. The Greek word sustellein means “to contract.” The vocabulary term _____________________ refers to blood pressure during a ventricular contraction.

14. The Greek word diastellein means “to expand.” The vocabulary term _____________________ refers to blood pressure during a ventricular relaxation.

Section 5: Blood

Study Guide

Key Concept

BLOOD IS A COMPLEX TISSUE THAT TRANSPORTS MATERIALS.

Vocabulary

|PLATELET |ABO BLOOD GROUP |WHITE BLOOD CELLS |

|PLASMA |RH FACTOR | |

MAIN IDEA: BLOOD IS COMPOSED MAINLY OF CELLS, CELL FRAGMENTS, AND PLASMA.

COMPLETE THE FOLLOWING CONCEPT WEB FOR THE COMPONENTS IN BLOOD.

Study Guide continued

Fill in the blank with the word or phrase that best completes the sentence.

7. _____________________ is a plasma protein that stabilizes blood volume and prevents blood from leaking out of blood vessels.

8. _____________________ is a plasma protein that contributes to the clotting of blood to stop bleeding after injury.

9. _____________________ fight infection and attack foreign materials that enter the body.

MAIN IDEA: Platelets and different types of cells have different functions.

COMPLETE THE CHART BELOW BY FILLING IN THE NAMES OF THE BLOOD COMPONENTS.

|Blood Component |Structure |Functions |

|10. |shaped like an inner tube with a solid |carry oxygen to cells, |

| |center, |carry carbon dioxide away from cells |

| |contain hemoglobin, | |

| |no nucleus or organelles | |

|11. |various types, |defend the body against infection, |

| |can enter lymphatic system and body tissues |remove foreign material and dead cells |

|12. |cell fragments |help form clots to control bleeding |

Fill in the blank with the word or phrase that best completes the sentence.

13. A person’s _____________________ is determined by protein markers on the surface of red blood cells.

14. _____________________ that form inside blood vessels can lead to heart attack or stroke.

Vocabulary Check

Fill in the blank with the word or phrase that best completes the sentence.

15. The term ABO blood group stands for ______________________.

16. The suffix -let means “small.” The vocabulary term that includes this word part is _____________________.

17. _____________________ is the liquid that makes up about 55 percent of blood

-----------------------

tricuspid valve

6. ___________ valve

4. ___________ valve

RIGHT

LEFT

Heart structures

1. ___________ atrium

2. ___________

pulmonary valve

5. ___________

3. ___________

Poor diet, little exercise, smoking, high stress

lifestyle

choices,

medication

can lead to

12.

10.

11.

untreated

can lead to

can be

treated by

Whole blood

is composed mainly of

2.

1.

3.

plasma

which is composed of

Dissolved molecules, including 4.

waste products

90% water

such as

5.

6.

immune proteins

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