Head and Neck Anatomy



BonesCraniumFrontal boneTemporal bone Sphenoid bonefrontal sinussquamosal suturesella turcicasupraorbital foramenexternal acoustic meatusgreater wingglabellamandibular fossa lesser wingmastoid processsphenoid sinusParietal bone styloid processorbital fissuresagittal suturecarotid canaloptic canalcoronal suturejugular foramenmedial pterygoidOccipital boneinternal acoustic meatuslateral pterygoidlambdoidal sutureHyoidEthmoid boneforamen magnumcrista gallioccipital condylescribriform plateext. occipital protuberanceperpendicular plateSutural boneethmoid sinusnasal conchaMaxillary bonesmaxillary sinusMandiblepalatine processbodyalveolar fossaramusinfraorbital foramenmandibular anglePalatine bonemandibular condyleZygomatic bonecoronoid processzygomatic archalveolar fossamental foramenLacrimal bonemandibular symphysisNasal boneVomer boneNeck Bones to IdentifyCervical vertebrae transverse foramen bifid process atlas (1st) axis (2nd) dens (odontoid process)MUSCLESHeadEpicranius Frontalis – same as frontal belly of epicranius Epicranial aponeurosisOccipitalis – same as posterior belly of epicraniusTemporalis Mentalis PlatysmaOrbicularis Oculi Nasalis Depressor Septi NasiOrbicularis Oris Buccinator Risorius Zygomaticus Major Zygomaticus Minor Depressor Labii inferioris Levator Labii Superioris Depressor Anguli Oris JAWMasseter Temporalis Mylohyoid Geniohyoid Anterior belly of the digastric Stylohyoid Posterior belly of the digastric Neck MusclesSternocleidomastoid TrapeziusPlatysmaSternohyoid Omohyoid Splenius capitis Semispinalis capitis Levator scapulae Anterior scalene Middle scalene Posterior scalene NERVESNerves of Head and Neck to IdentifyKnow and understand the Cranial NervesUnderstand the Cervical PlexusThe cervical plexus is a plexus of the anterior rami of the first four cervical spinal nerves which arise from C1 to C4 cervical segment in the neck. They are located laterally to the transverse processes between prevertebral muscles from the medial side and vertebral (m. scalenus, m. levator scapulae, m. splenius cervicis) from lateral side. There is anastomosis with accessory nerve, hypoglossal nerve and sympathetic trunk. It is located in the neck, deep to sternocleidomastoid m. Nerves formed from the cervical plexus innervate the back of the head, as well as some neck muscles. The branches of the cervical plexus emerge from the posterior triangle at the nerve point, a point which lies midway on the posterior border of the sternocleidomastoid. Also from the posterior ramus of C2 greater occipital nerve arises. ................
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