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Supplementary Table 1: Database Search Strategies

Medline search terms

Search terms built with the aid of a librarian. The search was then conducted by a medical student (AP). OVID was used as an electronic platform to access the databases Ovid MEDLINE® (In-Process & Other non-indexed Citations and Ovid MEDLINE® 1946 to present) and EMBASE (Embase Classic+Embase 1947 to 2016 April 25). A list of key search terms and their related terms were created, and these were entered into each database separately. Search filters from the “Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network” (SIGN) were adopted to retrieve the study designs that were included in this review.

|NAFLD |((fatty or fat or steato*) adj3 (liver* or hepat*)).ab,ti. |

| |"steatohepat*".ab,ti. |

| |(visceral adj2 steato*).ab,ti. |

| |(nafl* or nash).ab,ti. |

| |fatty liver/ or non-alcoholic fatty liver disease/ |

| |non alcoholic liver disease.ab,ti. |

| |OR/1-6 |

|HIV |Exp HIV/ |

| |Hiv infections/ or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome/ or hiv-associated lipodystrophy syndrome/ |

| |acquired immunedeficiency syndrome.ab, ti. |

| |Acquired immune deficiency syndrome.ab,ti. |

| |human immune deficiency virus.ab,ti. |

| |human immunedeficiency virus.ab, ti |

| |Aids. Ab,ti. |

| |OR/8-14 |

|RISK FACTORS (source: |exp risk/ |

|adapted from NICE appendix) |exp prevalence/ |

| |exp incidence/ |

| |(risk* or prevalence or incidence* or predict* or associate*).ti. |

| |OR/16-19 |

|Observational Studies (Using|Epidemiologic studies/ |

|Healthcare Improvement |Exp case control studies/ |

|Scotland’s resource looking |Exp cohort studies/ |

|at the SIGN criteria which |Case control.tw. |

|are methodologically formed |(cohort adj (study or studies)).tw. |

|for these studies) |Cohort analy*.tw. |

|(Follow up adj (study or studies)).tw. |

|ology/filters.html#random |(observational adj (study or studies)).tw. |

| |Longitudinal.tw. |

| |Retrospective.tw. |

| |Cross sectional.tw. |

| |Cross-sectional studies/ |

| |OR/21-32 |

|Randomised Controlled Trials|Randomised Controlled Trials as Topic/ |

|(source same as above). |randomized control trial/ |

| |Random Allocation/ |

| |Double Blind Method/ |

| |Single Blind Method/ |

| |clinical trial/ |

| |clinical trial, phase i.pt |

| |clinical trial, phase ii.pt |

| |clinical trial, phase iii.pt |

| |controlled clinical trial.pt |

| |randomized control trial.pt |

| |multicenter study.pt |

| |clinical trial.pt |

| |exp Clinical Trials as topic/ |

| |OR/34-47 |

| |(clinical adj trial*).tw |

| |((singl* or doubl* or treb* or tripl*) adj (blind*3 or mask*3)).tw |

| |PLACEBOS/ |

| |placebo.tw |

| |randomly allocated.tw |

| |(allocated adj2 random*).tw |

| |OR/49-54 |

| |48 OR 55 |

| |case report.tw |

| |letter/ |

| |historical article/ |

| |OR/57-59 |

| |56 NOT 60 |

|Systematic Reviews |Meta-Analysis as Topic/ |

| |meta analy*.tw. |

| |metaanaly*.tw. |

| |Meta-Analysis/ |

| |(systematic adj (review*1 or overview*1)).tw. |

| |exp Review Literature as Topic/ |

| |OR/62-67 |

| |cochrane.ab. |

| |embase.ab. |

| |(psychlit or psyclit).ab. |

| |(psychinfo or psycinfo).ab. |

| |(cinahl or cinhal).ab. |

| |science citation index.ab. |

| |bids.ab. |

| |cancerlit.ab. |

| |OR/69-76 |

| |reference list*.ab. |

| |bibliography*.ab. |

| |hand-search*.ab. |

| |relevant journals.ab. |

| |manual search*.ab. |

| |OR/78-82 |

| |selection criteria.ab. |

| |data extraction.ab. |

| |84 OR 85 |

| |Review/ |

| |86 AND 87 |

| |Comment/ |

| |Letter/ |

| |Editorial/ |

| |animal/ |

| |human/ |

| |92 NOT (92 AND 93) |

| |OR/89-91,94 |

| |68 OR 77 OR 88 |

| |96 NOT 95 |

|Exclusion criteria |letter/ |

| |editorial/ |

| |news/ |

| |exp historical article/ |

| |conference extract/ |

| |anecdotes as topic/ |

| |comment/ |

| |case report/ |

| |(letter or comment*).ti |

| |animals/ NOT humans/ |

| |exp animals, laboratory/ |

| |exp animal experimentation/ |

| |exp models, animal |

| |exp rodentia/ |

| |(rats or rat or mouse or mice).ti. |

| |OR/98-112 |

| | |

|Collation of search criteria|7 AND 15 AND 20 AND (33 OR 61 OR 97) NOT 113 |

| |

|Embase Search terms |

|NAFLD |((fatty or fat or steato*) adj3 (liver* or hepat*)).ab,ti. |

| |"steatohepat*".ab,ti. |

| |(visceral adj2 steato*).ab,ti. |

| |(nafl* or nash).ab,ti. |

| |nonalcoholic fatty liver/ |

| |non alcoholic liver.ab,ti. |

| |OR/1-6 |

|HIV |human immunodeficiency virus/ or human immunodeficiency virus 1/ or human immunodeficiency virus |

| |2/ |

| |human immunodeficiency virus infection/ or acquired immune deficiency syndrome/ or hiv associated |

| |lipodystrophy/ or human immunodeficiency virus 1 infection/ or human immunodeficiency virus 2 |

| |infection/ |

| |acquired immunedeficiency syndrome.ab, ti. |

| |Acquired immune deficiency syndrome.ab,ti. |

| |human immune deficiency virus.ab,ti. |

| |human immunedeficiency virus.ab, ti |

| |Aids. Ab,ti. |

| |OR/8-14 |

|RISK FACTORS (source: adapted from NICE|exp risk/ |

|appendix) |exp prevalence/ |

| |exp incidence/ |

| |(risk* or prevalence* or incidence* or predict* or associat*).ti. |

| |OR/16-19 |

|Observational Studies (Using Healthcare|Clinical study/ |

|Improvement Scotland’s resource looking|Case control study/ |

|at the SIGN criteria which are |Family Study/ |

|methodologically formed for these |Longitudinal Study/ |

|studies) |Retrospective study/ |

| study/ |

|rs.html#random |Randomized controlled trials/ |

| |26 NOT 27 |

| |Cohort analysis/ |

| |(Cohort adj (study or studies)).mp. |

| |(Case control adj (study or studies)).tw. |

| |(follow up adj (study or studies)).tw. |

| |(observational adj (study or studies)).tw. |

| |(epidemiologic* adj (study or studies)).tw. |

| |(cross sectional adj (study or studies)).tw. |

| |OR/21-25, 28-35 |

|Randomised Controlled Trials (source |Clinical trial/ |

|same as above). |Randomized controlled trial/ |

| |Randomization/ |

| |Single blind procedure/ |

| |Double blind procedure/ |

| |Crossover procedure/ |

| |Placebo/ |

| |Randomi?ed controlled trial*.tw. |

| |Rct.tw. |

| |Random allocation.tw. |

| |Randomly allocated.tw. |

| |Allocated randomly.tw. |

| |(allocated adj2 random).tw. |

| |Single blind*.tw. |

| |Double blind*.tw. |

| |((treble or triple) adj (blind*)).tw. |

| |Placebo*.tw. |

| |Prospective study/ |

| |OR/ 37-54 |

| |Case study/ |

| |Case report.tw. |

| |Abstract report/ or letter/ |

| |OR/56-58 |

| |55 NOT 59 |

|Systematic Reviews |exp Meta Analysis/ |

| |((meta adj analy*) or metaanalys*).tw. |

| |(systematic adj (review*1 or overview*1)).tw. |

| |OR/61-63 |

| |cancerlit.ab. |

| |cochrane.ab. |

| |embase.ab. |

| |(psychlit or psyclit).ab. |

| |(psychinfo or psycinfo).ab. |

| |(cinahl or cinhal).ab. |

| |science citation index.ab. |

| |bids.ab. |

| |OR/65-72 |

| |reference lists.ab. |

| |bibliograph*.ab. |

| |hand-search*.ab. |

| |manual search*.ab. |

| |relevant journals.ab. |

| |OR/74-78 |

| |data extraction.ab. |

| |selection criteria.ab. |

| |80 OR 81 |

| |review.pt. |

| |82 AND 83 |

| |letter.pt. |

| |editorial.pt. |

| |animal/ |

| |human/ |

| |87 NOT (87 AND 88) |

| |OR/85-86, 89 |

| |64 OR 73 OR 79 OR 84 |

| |91 NOT 90 |

|Exclusion study designs |letter.pt. or letter/ |

| |note.pt. |

| |editorial.pt. |

| |case report/ or case study/ |

| |(letter or comment*).ti. |

| |animal/ NOT human/ |

| |nonhuman/ |

| |exp animal experiment/ |

| |exp experimental animal/ |

| |animal model/ |

| |exp rodent/ |

| |(rat or rats or mouse or mice).ti. |

| |OR/93-104 |

|Collation of search terms |7 AND 15 AND 20 |

| |36 OR 60 OR 92 |

| |107 NOT 105 |

| |106 AND 108 |

| | |

| | |

Supplementary Table 2

The following authors were contacted for additional data: Crum-Cianflone, Morse, Ingiliz, Nishijima, Vuille- Lessard, Lui, Guaraldi, Vodkin, Lemoine.

The following data was shared:

- Morse and Ingiliz: databases of raw data used for the published papers.

- Crum-Cianflone: unpublished data tables of patient characteristics for the biopsied sub-group described in the publication, stratified by NASH and ≥F2 fibrosis.

- Nishijima, Lui and Vuille- Lessard: population characteristic data tables as per original publications but including mean (SD) in addition to published median (IQR).

- Lemoine: provided data on number of patients with ................
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