Searching for studies:Guidelines on information retrieval ...

Campbell Methods Guides

2016:1

First published: 7 September, 2010

Last updated:

30 October 2015

Searching for studies:

A guide to information

retrieval for Campbell

Systematic Reviews

Shannon Kugley, Anne Wade, James Thomas, Quenby

Mahood, Anne-Marie Klint J?rgensen, Karianne

Hammerstr?m, Nila Sathe

This guide is based on chapter 6 of The Cochrane Handbook

(Lefebvre C, 2011 and Higgins JPT, 2011).

Colophon

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Institution

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DOI

No. of pages

Last updated

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Corresponding

author

Searching for Studies: A Guide to Information Retrieval for Campbell

Systematic Reviews

The Campbell Collaboration

Kugley, Shannon

Wade, Anne

Thomas, James

Mahood, Quenby

J?rgensen, Anne-Marie Klint

Hammerstr?m, Karianne

Sathe, Nila

10.4073/cmg.2016.1

81

October, 2015

Kugley S, Wade A, Thomas J, Mahood Q, J?rgensen AMK, Hammerstr?m K,

Sathe N. Searching for studies: A guide to information retrieval for Campbell

Systematic Reviews. Campbell Methods Guides 2016:1

DOI: 10.4073/cmg.2016.1

? Kugley et al.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative

Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution,

and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source

are credited.

This guide is based on Chapter 6 of The Cochrane Handbook. Permission has

kindly been given to us by the authors: Carol Lefebvre, Eric Manheimer and

Julie Glanville to use the chapter as a basis for our work, of which we are

immensely grateful. Many thanks to the Canadian Council on Learning for

allowing the use of the list of Sources of Grey Literature.

Nila Sathe, MA, MLIS

Assistant Director, Evidence-based Practice Center

Institute for Medicine and Public Health

Vanderbilt Medical Center

2525 West End Ave, Suite 600

Nashville, TN, US 37203-1738

email: nila.sathe@vanderbilt.edu

Campbell Library Methods Papers

The Campbell Library Methods Series comprises three types of publications:

Methods

Discussion

Papers

Methods Policy

Notes

Methods Guides

New or innovative ideas currently in development in the field of

methodology. These papers are intended for discussion and do not represent

official C2 policy or guidance.

Current Campbell Collaboration policy on specific methods for use in

Campbell systematic reviews of intervention effects.

Methods Guides: Guides on how to implement specific systematic review

methods.

Editorial Board

Editors-in-Chief

Ariel Aloe, College of Education, University of Iowa, USA

Ian Shemilt, EPPI Centre, UCL, UK

Board members

Julia Littell, Bryn Mawr College, USA

Emily Tanner-Smith, Vanderbilt University, USA

Terri Pigott, Loyola University, USA

Amy Dent, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, USA

Ryan Williams, American Institutes of Research, USA

Chief Executive

Officer

Managing Editor

Howard White, The Campbell Collaboration

Karianne Thune Hammerstr?m, The Campbell Collaboration

The Campbell Collaboration (C2) was founded on the principle that

systematic reviews on the effects of interventions will inform and help

improve policy and services. C2 offers editorial and methodological support

to review authors throughout the process of producing a systematic review. A

number of C2's editors, librarians, methodologists and external peerreviewers contribute.

The Campbell Collaboration

P.O. Box 7004 St. Olavs plass

0130 Oslo, Norway



ii

The Campbell Collaboration |

Table of contents

GUIDE INFORMATION AND ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

6

1

ABOUT THIS GUIDE

Key Points

7

7

2

2.1

9

9

2.2

2.3

2.4

2.5

2.6

3

3.1

3.2

3.3

3.4

3.5

3

INFORMATION RETRIEVAL OVERVIEW

General Issues

2.1.1

The nature of the social, behavioural, and educational sciences

literature

2.1.2

Minimizing bias

The Trials Search Co-ordinator (TSC)

Studies versus reports of studies

Types of studies

Copyright

Summary Points

SOURCES TO SEARCH

Subject Databases

3.1.1

General introduction

3.1.2

Selected databases in the social, behavioural, education and health

sciences

General Databases

3.2.1

National and regional databases

3.2.2

Citation indexes

3.2.3

Full-text journals available electronically

3.2.4

Dissertations and theses databases

Other Sources of Study Information

3.3.1

Grey literature sources

3.3.1.1 Conference proceedings and meeting abstracts

3.3.2

Existing review and publication reference lists

3.3.3

Web searching

3.3.4

Unpublished Studies

3.3.5

Ongoing Studies

3.3.6

Institutional Repositories

Handsearching

Summary Points

The Campbell Collaboration |

10

10

10

11

11

11

12

13

13

13

14

15

15

15

16

17

17

17

18

18

19

20

20

21

21

22

4

4.1

4.2

4.3

4.4

5

5.1

5.2

5.3

5.4

5.5

5.6

5.7

6

6.1

6.2

6.3

7

7.1

7.2

8

8.1

8.2

8.3

PLANNING THE SEARCH

Trials Search Co-ordinators (TSCs) and Academic Librarians

The Campbell Collaboration Review Process

Search Updates

Summary Points

23

23

24

24

24

SEARCH STRATEGIES

An Introduction

Sensitivity Versus Precision

Search Strategy Structure and Components

Keywords and Controlled Vocabulary

Formulating search statements

5.5.1

Boolean operators (AND, OR and NOT)

5.5.2

Phrase searching and Proximity operators (NEAR and WITHIN)

5.5.3

Synonyms, related terms, variant spellings, and truncation

5.5.4

Language and date restrictions

5.5.5

Search filters versus limiting commands

5.5.6 Additional strategies

5.5.7 Search strategies for Internet search engines

Demonstration

Summary Points

25

25

26

26

27

30

30

30

31

32

32

33

34

35

36

REFERENCE MANAGEMENT

Bibliographic Software

6.1.1

Features

Populating the Database

Summary Points

37

37

37

37

38

TEXT MINING

Resources

Summary Points

REPORTING AND DOCUMENTING THE SEARCH

Reporting the search process

8.1.1

Reporting the search process in the protocol

8.1.2

Reporting the search process in the review

Documenting the Search

Summary points

39

40

40

41

41

41

41

42

42

REFERENCES

43

APPENDIX I: LITERATURE SOURCES

Free or low-cost databases and full-text journals

Major subject specific databases

Biology and pharmacology

Communication and language

Community Health and Social Welfare

46

46

47

47

47

47

4

The Campbell Collaboration |

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