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ROUTE TO NECTABIOLOGY JOINT EXAMINATIONFORM FOURJULY 2019INSTRUCTIONS:This paper consists of section A, B and C.Answer ALL questions in section A and B and ONE (01) question from section C.Read each question carefully before you starting answering it.Except for diagrams which must be drawn in pencil, all writings should be in blue/black ink or ball point pen.SECTION A( 20 marks).1. For each of the items (i)-(x) choose the correct answer from among the given alternatives and write its letter in the boxes provided beside the item number.One of the most efficient way of preventing STI’s isProtected sexTake balanced dietDelaying sexAvoiding sharing of razor bladesKeeping the environment cleanAsha wanted to differentiate an animal cell from a plant cell. Which one is the most correct? A plant cell has a ………………. which is absent in animal cells.Cell membraneNucleusChloroplastCentrioleMitochondrionA form three student had a problem of dislocation in the knee. Which of the following tissues were injured seriously?CartilageTendonMuscleSynovial membraneLigamentThe protein food entered the duodenum without being digested. Which part of the digestive system has failed to perform its work?Stomachb. Colonc. Mouthd. Oesophaguse. IleumAmoeba is an organism in the Kingdom …………………Animaliab. Plantaec. Protoctistad. Fungie. MoneraFarmers are advised to plant maize together with plants such as beans or peas because, nitrogen fixing bacteria in their roots help toconvert atmospheric nitrogenconvert soil nitratesprevent soil from drying outincrease nitrogen content in he soilincrease nitrogen content in the atmosphereA scientist wanted to observe male gametes of a particular flower. In which of the following parts are the gametes present?Ovaryb. Filamentc. Antherd. Stylee. StigmaWhen you move from bright sunshine into a dark room.#, which of the following changes occurs?Pupil becomes larger.c. Ciliary muscles relaxLens becomes thickerd. Eyes become blinde. Eyes become tiredIf menstruation occurs on days 4 to 9 of a month, what would be the date of ovulation in a menstruation cycle of 28 days?14th b. 17thc. 21st d. 22nd e. 28thWhich part of a seed grows into the root system of a plant?a. Plumuleb. Radical c. Cotyledond.Micropy 2.Match the phrases in List A with the responses in List B by writing the letter of the correct response from List B beside the item number of List A in your answer sheetLIST ALIST BThe small wings of ostriches and penguinsGradual change from simple to complex over long duration of timeLong necked and short necked giraffeWings of bat and grasshopperStudy of fossils recordsUniverse has no originFormation of new speciesAn English naturalist based on theory of evolution by natural selectionForelimbs of goat, fore limbs of human being and wings of birdLife on earth originated from elsewhereHomologous structureAnalogous structureUse and disuse of organsVestigial organsVestibular organsSpeciationsSpecial creationParent rockPaleontologySteady state theoryCosmozoan theoryOriginEvolutionDarwinLamarckSECTION B(60 marks)All questions carry 8 marks except question three (3) and nine (9) which carry 6 marks3.(a) Mention the four (4) taste receptors of the tongue.(b) Explain the following:it is difficult to detect the smell of substances when we are suffering from coldit is impossible to detect any kind of taste under the lower surface of the human tongue454660266700LightSide 1Side 2A young plant shootFig. 100LightSide 1Side 2A young plant shootFig. 1(c) (i) The diagram (fig. 1) below shows the direction of growth of potted seedling near a window in a laboratoryGive explanation for the observable phenomenon.4. (a) What is the similarity in terms of growth shown by insects and amphibians.(b) Study the diagram below and then answer questions which follows:116078015875cbadFig. 2 Organism X00cbadFig. 2 Organism X117792514795500Identify the organism (x) by its common name.Label parts a – d.State the habitat of the animal x.Classify animal x up to class level.State any four (4) adaptations of animal x to its mode of life.5.(a) (i) name three muscles found in mammals(ii) which one of the muscles named in (a) (i) is voluntary?(b) name the functions of the following components of the skeletonSkullRibsVertebral columnPelvic girdle6. (a) (i) Define the terms“ food chain and food web .(ii) We hardly have more than six trophic levels; explain.(b) Mention any two (2) hormones which deals with Osmoregulation in human being.96774093980Fig. 3 Leguminous plantsstemRoot00Fig. 3 Leguminous plantsstemRoot(c) Study the diagram below:Give the name of micro-organism which leaves in the swellings indicated.What is the specific name which describe the relationship between a plant and the micro-organism.What the role of micro-organism to the plant.7. (a) (i)Draw a diagram of a human body showing endocrine glands and then name two (2) glands.(ii) State the function of one (1) hormone produced by each gland.(b)(i) Define the term homeostasis(ii) Briefly explain how mammals are able to keep glucose at a constant level in their bodies8.(a) Define the following terms:InbreedingOut breedingTest crossBackcross(b) What is the importance of each practice above in (a)?(c) (i) A woman with a normal skin colour was married to a man with normal skin colour. They gave birth to three children; one of them was an albino. Give probable genotype for the parents(ii) Why parents with normal skin colour give birth to the albino?(iii) If an albino man marries a carrier woman, what is the probability of getting an albino child?9. (a) Name any four differences between aerobic and anaerobic respiration(b)Give four reasons why is better to breathe through nose than through mouth?10. (a) Give the meaning of osmosis and diffusion(b) Briefly explain how the following illustrate osmosisShrinking of a cell when immersed in a high concentrated solutionBursting of a red blood cell when immersed in dilute solutionSECTION C (20marks)11. Explain six factors which contribute to irresponsible sexual behavior among young people and their effect in the community.12. (a) Define accommodation with reference to the mammalian eye.(b) Describe the mechanism of hearing13. Write an essay of al least two pages using the following guidelinesMeaning of seed dormancyFour causes of seed dormancyFour ways of breaking seed dormancyThree importance of seed dormancy ................
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