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English Research and Outline – Javier Gardapati Erawan 10BThesis Statement: Artificial SweetenerIntroduction - Paragraph 1:Artificial sweeteners are substances used to replace sugar in foods and beverages (Sweeteners, 1).A sugar substitute is defined as a food additive that provides a sweet taste like that of sugar while containing significantly less food energy. Some sugar substitutes are natural and some are synthetic. Those that are not natural are, in general, called artificial sweeteners (Substitutes, 2).Sugar substitutes are sweeteners that you use instead of regular table sugar (sucrose). Artificial sweeteners are just one type of sugar substitute (Pros and Cons, 3).Improving food appearance, color, taste, and texture are just a few of the many benefits of artificial sweeteners. Since this has been intended as an alternative to natural sugar, this can minimize the negative effects associated with the intake of sugar (Advantages and Disadvantages, 1).A risk factor is any attribute, characteristic or exposure of an individual that increases the likelihood of developing a disease or injury (Risk, 1).Examples of health risks are underweight, unsafe sex, high blood pressure, tobacco and alcohol consumption, and unsafe water, sanitation and hygiene (3, 2).Artificial sweeteners and other sugar substitutes are found in a variety of food and beverages marketed as "sugar-free" or "diet," including soft drinks and baked goods (Not Good, Not Bad, 1).Artificial sweeteners are widely used in processed foods including; soft drinks, powdered drink mixes, other beverages, baked goods, candy, puddings, canned foods, and many more (Pros and Cons, 4).Artificial sweeteners are many times sweeter than table sugar, much smaller amounts (200 to 20,000 times less) are needed to create the same level of sweetness (Cancer, 1).Artificial sweeteners are often the cause of heated debate. On one hand, they're claimed to increase the risk of cancer and negatively affect your blood sugar and gut health. On the other hand, most health authorities consider them safe and many people use them to eat less sugar and lose weight (source 9, paragraph 2).Names of artificial sweeteners: Aspartame: 200 times sweeter than table sugar. Aspartame is known under the brand names Nutrasweet, Equal or Sugar Twin. Acesulfame potassium: 200 times sweeter than table sugar. Acesulfame potassium is suited for cooking and baking and known under brand names Sunnet or Sweet One.Advantame: 20,000 times sweeter than table sugar, suited for cooking and baking.Aspartame-acesulfame salt: 350 times sweeter than table sugar, and known under the brand name Twinsweet.Cyclamate: 50 times sweeter than table sugar. Cyclamate is suited for cooking and baking. However, it's been banned in the US since 1970.Neotame: 13,000 times sweeter than table sugar. Neotame is suited for cooking and baking and known under the brand name Newtame.Neohesperidin: 340 times sweeter than table sugar. It is suited for cooking, baking and mixing with acidic foods. It is not approved for use in the US.Saccharin: 700 times sweeter than table sugar. It's known under the brand names Sweet'N Low, Sweet Twin or Necta Sweet.Sucralose: 600 times sweeter table sugar. Sucralose is suited for cooking, baking and mixing with acidic foods. It's known under the brand name Splenda (9, 18).Why it can be bad for your health - Paragraph 2:Artificial sweeteners are synthetic sugar substitutes. But they may be derived from naturally occurring substances, such as herbs or sugar. This type of sugar is also known as intense sweeteners because they are many times sweeter than sugar (Pros and Cons, 6).Artificial sweeteners offer no health benefits, a large review of studies found (Not Good, Not Bad, 1).However, some studies report that drinking diet soda may increase the risk of developing diabetes by 6–121%. This may seem contradictory, but it's important to note that all of the studies are observational. They can't prove artificial sweeteners cause diabetes, only that people likely to develop type 2 diabetes also like to drink diet soda. On the other hand, many controlled studies show that artificial sweeteners do not affect blood sugar or insulin levels. So far, only one small study of Hispanic women found a negative effect. Women who drank an artificially sweetened drink before a sugary drink had 14% higher blood sugar levels and 20% higher insulin levels, compared to those who drank water before the sugary drink (9, page 1).There has been a lot of thoughts on how artificial sweeteners may affect our health. One of them are in 2005, a group of researchers claim that consuming a high amount of aspartame might cause lymphoma and leukemia in rats. Although after being reviewed by the FDA, it has been identified that aspartame is safe to consume (“cancer”, 4)How it’s not bad for your health - Paragraph 3:They found no convincing evidence that non-sugar sweeteners had any effect in adults on eating behavior, cancer, cardiovascular disease, kidney disease, mood, behavior or cognition (Not Good, Not Bad, 3).Eight studies in children showed similar results. Some studies found weak evidence that children who used artificial sweeteners had larger increases in blood glucose levels than those who used sugar (Not Good, Not Bad, 4).Controlling Calorie: compared to real sugar, artificial sweeteners don’t actually have that much calories. However, they don’t really have zero calories, instead they only have a very negligible amount that producers can claim to have “No Calories” on the package. (Advantages and Disadvantages, 4)One benefit that makes artificial sweeteners famous is the low impact to the blood sugar unlike natural sugar does. This makes it a very useful tool in the management of people with diabetes or those still undergoing observation (Advantages and Disadvantages, 10).Conclusion: Artificial Sweeteners is not a health risk! - Paragraph 4:Recap of all the resources and conclusion with recommendation to the readers.Source (Bold Text, Paragraph Number): Title: Artificial Sweeteners, Not Good, Not Bad Title: Pros and cons of artificial sweeteners Title: Risk factors Title: Artificial Sweeteners Title: Artificial Sweeteners and Cancer Title: Sugar Substitutes: General Information on Sweeteners Title: 7 Advantages and Disadvantages of Artificial Sweeteners Title: Artificial sweeteners: sugar-free, but at what cost? Title: Artificial Sweeteners: Good or Bad? ................
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