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Body ImageWhat Is Body Image?The National Eating Disorders Association (NEDA) defines components of body image: How you picture yourself in your mind What you believe about your own appearance How you feel about your body, including your height, shape, and weight How you sense and control your body as you move How you feel in your body, not just about your bodyWhat Is Body Image?Negative Body Image A distorted perception of your shape, or feelings of discomfort, shame, or anxiety about your bodyPositive Body Image A true perception of your appearance: You see yourself as you really are and you like yourselfWhat Is Body Image?Many Factors Influence Body Image The Media and Popular CultureUnderweight models and celebrities send the message that being thin is bestStriving to achieve these thin standards often makes people illA study of more than 4,000 television commercials revealed that more than one out of every four sends some sort of “attractiveness message”Body ImageBelow are measurements of your average adult female compared to Unrealistic body images. Average WomanHeight 5’4”Weight 145lbsDress 11-14Bust 36-37”Waist 29-31”Barbie6’0”101lbs439”19”Store Mannequin6’0”N/A634”23”Celebrities Body ImageJulia Roberts Pamela Anderson Jennifer LopezHeight 5’9” 5’7” 5’6”Weight 120lbs 105lbs 120lbsDress N/A N/A N/ABust 34” 36” 34”Waist 23” 22” 24” The above are measurements of women that you see in the media. The images that the media portray as beautiful are still unrealistic for most women.What Is Body Image?Family, Community, and Cultural GroupsParents are especially influential in body image developmentInteractions with siblings and other relatives, peers, teachers, coworkers, and other community members can also influence body image developmentAssociations within one’s cultural group appear to influence body imageStudies have found that European American females experience the highest rates of body dissatisfactionPhysiological and Psychological FactorsDifferences in the brain’s ability to regulate chemicals called neurotransmitters are seen in people with eating disorders.One study linked distortions in body image to a malfunctioning in the brain’s visual processing region that was revealed by MRI scanning."One of the ways that the media is affecting the whole epidemic of obesity is the very heavy advertising…particularly on children's shows with fast foods, high sugar, high caloric, high fat foods, bombarding them with the message that this is the kind of food that they should be eating.“ Dr. Alvin PoussaintBody Image ContinuumHow Can I Build a More Positive Body Image?Bust these toxic myths pervasive in our societyMyth 1: How you look is more important than who you areMyth 2: Anyone can be slender and attractive if they work at itMyth 3: Dieting is an effective weight-loss strategyMyth 4: Appearance is more important than healthTen Steps to a Positive Body ImageAppreciate all that your body can doKeep a top-ten list of things you like about yourselfTrue beauty is not simply skin deepLook at yourself as a whole personSurround yourself with positive peopleShut down negative voices in your headWear comfortable clothes Become a critical viewer of social and media messagesDo something nice for yourselfDo something to help others instead of worrying about food, calories, and your weightSome People Develop Body Image DisordersSocial physique anxiety (SPA)The desire to “look good” is so strong that it has a destructive and sometimes disabling effect on the person’s ability to function effectively in relationships and interactions with others.Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD)A psychological disorder characterized by an obsession with a minor or imagined flaw in appearance.What Are Eating Disorders?Disordered eating—a pattern of atypical behaviors used to achieve or maintain a lower body weight.Chronic dieting, abuse of diet pills and laxatives, and self-induced vomitingNot a clinical diagnosisEating disorder—A psychiatric disorder characterized by severe disturbances in body image and eating behaviors.Can only be diagnosed by a physicianEating Issues ContinuumWho’s at Risk?In the U.S, about 24 million people of all ages meet the established criteria Most common among those in their teens and twenties, although children as young as 6 have been diagnosed.In 2007, 3.8 percent of college students reported that they were dealing with either anorexia or bulimia.Obsessive-compulsive disorder, depression, and anxiety all play a roleCommon among athletesMale sufferers are increasing, who currently represent up to 25 percent of anorexia and bulimia patients and almost 40 percent of binge eaters.Anorexia Nervosa Involves Severe Food RestrictionSelf-starvationIntense fear of fatCauses are complex and variableNearly 1 percent of adolescent girls meet the criteria for anorexia nervosaHighest death rate (20 percent) of any psychological illnessWhat Anorexia Nervosa Can Do to the BodyBulimia Nervosa Involves Bingeing and PurgingBinge and then take inappropriate measures to lose calories (purge)Up to 3 percent of adolescent and young females are bulimicOften at normal weight or overweightCaused by a combination of genetic and environmental factorsWhat Bulimia Nervosa Can Do to the BodySome Eating Disorders Are Not Easily Classified Eating Disorders Not Otherwise Specified (EDNOS)Patients with EDNOS are the highest treatment seeking populationRepresents 40 to 75 percent of individuals with eating disordersBinge-Eating DisorderOften clinically obeseCharacterized by eating large amounts of food rapidly and feeling guilty or depressed after overeatingEating Disorders Can Be Treated Goal is to stabilize the patient’s lifeLong-term therapyMultidimensional approachHow Can You Help Someone You Suspect Has an Eating Disorder? Learn as much as possible about eating disordersSet up a time to meet and share your concernsProvide examples of why you think there might be a problemAvoid conflicts or a battle of wills with this personNever nag, plead, beg, bribe, threaten, or manipulateDon’t talk about how thin the person is or focus on weight, diets, or exerciseOffer to go along to counselingUse “I” statements Stay calm and realize your own limitationsWhat Are Exercise Disorders?Exercise Can Become a CompulsionCharacterized not by a desire to exercise but a compulsion to do soA person may struggle with guilt and anxiety if they don’t work outInjuries to joints, tendons, ligaments, cartilage, broken bones, and stress on the heartOften plagued by anxiety and/or depressionMuscle Dysmorphia Is a Body Image and Exercise DisorderWhen a man believes that one’s body is insufficiently lean or muscularBehaviors include comparing oneself unfavorably to others, frequently checking one’s appearance in the mirror, and camouflaging one’s appearanceIndividuals suffering from muscle dysmorphia have a higher rate of substance abuse (including steroid abuse), and higher risk of suicide than those without the disorderThe Female Athlete Triad Involves Three Interrelated DisordersLow energy intake, typically promptedby disordered eatingbehaviorsMenstrual dysfunction such as amenorrheaPoor bone density ................
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