BY ORDER OF THE AIR FORCE HANDBOOK 1

BY ORDER OF THE SECRETARY OF THE AIR FORCE

AIR FORCE HANDBOOK 1 1 OCTOBER 2017 AIRMAN

ACCESSIBILITY: Publications and forms are available for downloading or ordering on the e-Publishing Web site at .

RELEASABILITY: There are no releasability restrictions on this publication

OPR: AETC/A3/AADD

Certified by: HQ USAF/A1 (GINA M. GROSSO, Lt Gen, USAF)

Supersedes: AFH1, 1 October 2015

Pages: 574

This handbook implements AFPD 36-22, Air Force Military Training. Information in this handbook is primarily from Air Force publications and contains a compilation of policies, procedures, and standards that guide Airmen's actions within the Profession of Arms. This handbook applies to the Regular Air Force, Air Force Reserve and Air National Guard. This handbook contains the basic information Airmen need to understand the professionalism required within the Profession of Arms. Attachment 1 contains references and supporting information used in this publication.

This handbook is the sole source reference for the development of study guides to support the enlisted promotion system. Enlisted Airmen will use these study guide to prepare for their Promotion Fitness Examination (PFE) or United States Air Force Supervisory Examination (USAFSE). These study guides are available at studyguides.af.mil. Send recommendations for changes, additions, or deletions to this handbook to HQ AETC/A3 Airman Advancement Division (AAD), Professional Development Branch (AAD/AADD), 1550 5th Street East, Randolph AFB TX 78150-4449; DSN 4874075; AAD/AADD Workflow email: pdg@us.af.mil. This publication may not be supplemented or further implemented or extended.

Ensure that all records created as a result of processes prescribed in this publication are maintained IAW Air Force Manual (AFMAN) 33-363, Management of Records, and disposed of IAW Air Force Records Information Management System (AFRIMS) Records Disposition Schedule (RDS). The use of the name or mark of any specific manufacturer, commercial product, commodity, or service in this publication does not imply endorsement by the Air Force.

SUMMARY OF CHANGES

There are several minor updates within this edition of the Air Force Handbook 1, AIRMAN. The first major changes are the complete revision of chapters 5, 11, and 25. The second major change is the revision of the section Doctrine within chapter 4. The final major change involves the major revision of the section enlisted force structure within chapter 9. This publication was substantially revised by 125 Air Force level subject matter experts (SME) and must be completely reviewed.

Forward.............................................................................................................................................................

17

Chapter 1--AIR FORCE HERITAGE

19

Section 1A--Overview

19

1.1. Introduction .........................................................................................................................................

19

Section 1B--Dawn of Flight, Early Days of Aviation, First Air War and the 1920s and 1930s Airpower

19

1.2. The Dawn of Flight .............................................................................................................................

19

1.3. The Early Days of the United States Army Aviation (1907-1917) .....................................................

20

1.4. The First Air War ................................................................................................................................

21

1.5. Controversy and Records, 1920s Airpower .........................................................................................

23

1.6. Air Corps Tactical School and the Rise of the Bomber (1930s Air Corps) .........................................

25

Section 1C--General Headquarters, Air Corps Prepares for War, and Airpower in World War II

27

1.7. General Headquarters Air Force (1935-1939).....................................................................................

28

1.8. The Air Corps Prepares for War..........................................................................................................

28

1.9. Airpower in World War II: The European Theater .............................................................................

28

Section 1D--Tuskegee Airmen, Air War in the Pacific, Air Force Independence, Cold War, and Cuban

Missile Crisis

32

1.10. The Tuskegee Airmen .......................................................................................................................

32

1.11. Air War in the Pacific........................................................................................................................

32

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1.12. Air Force Independence and the Cold War .......................................................................................

34

1.13. Cuban Missile Crisis (1962) ..............................................................................................................

37

Section 1E--Vietnam, 1961-1973

.

38

1.14. Vietnam, 1961-1973 ..........................................................................................................................

38

1.15. The Post-Vietnam Era and the end of the Cold War .........................................................................

40

1.16. Desert Storm (The Air Campaign against Iraq, 1900-1991)..............................................................

43

1.17. Operations Provide Relief, Impressive Lift, and Restore Hope--Somalia (1992-1994)...................

44

1.18. Operation Allied Force ......................................................................................................................

45

1.19. Operations Noble Eagle, Enduring Freedom, and Iraqi Freedom (Global War on Terrorism) .........

45

1.20. Historical Perspective ........................................................................................................................

48

Section 1F--Airman Exemplars

.

49

1.21. Airman Exemplars.............................................................................................................................

49

Section 1G--Medal of Honor

61

1.22. The Medal of Honor ..........................................................................................................................

61

Chapter 2--ENLISTED HISTORY

68

Section 2A--Overview

68

2.1. Introduction .........................................................................................................................................

68

Section 2B--Milestones of World War I and World War II

68

2.2. Milestones of World War I (1917-1918).............................................................................................

68

2.3. Milestones of World War II (1939-1945) ...........................................................................................

68

Section 2C--Cold War, Berlin Airlift, Korean War, and War in Southeast Asia

.

70

2.4. The Cold War (1948-1991) .................................................................................................................

70

2.5. The Berlin Airlift (1948-1949)............................................................................................................

70

2.6. The Korean War (1950-1953) .............................................................................................................

70

2.7. The War in Southeast Asia (1950-1975).............................................................................................

71

Section 2D--The Air War Expands, Vietnamization, Humanitarian Airlift, and Post-Vietnam Conflicts

72

2.8. The Air War Expands (1965-1968).....................................................................................................

72

2.9. Vietnamization and Withdrawal (1969-1973)................................................................. 72

2.10. Humanitarian Airlift.........................................................................................................................

73

2.11. Post-Vietnam Conflicts ....................................................................................................................

74

Section 2E--Gulf War, Military Operations (1991-2003), and Iraq and Afghanistan

75

2.12. Gulf War I (1990) ............................................................................................................................

75

2.13. Operations Provide Comfort and Northern Watch, Iraq (1991-2003)..............................................

76

2.14. Operation Southern Watch, Iraq (1992-2003)..................................................................................

76

2.15. Operations Provide Relief, Impressive Lift, and Restore Hope--Somalia (1992-1994) ................

77

2.16. Operation Uphold Democracy, Haiti (1994) ....................................................................................

77

2.17. Operation Provide Promise, Sarajevo and Bosnia-Herzegovina (1992-1996) .................................

77

2.18. Operation Deny Flight, Bosnia (1993-1995)....................................................................................

78

2.19. Operation Allied Force, Kosovo (1999)...........................................................................................

78

2.20. Operations Noble Eagle and Enduring Freedom..............................................................................

78

2.21. Operation Anaconda ........................................................................................................................

79

2.22. Operation Iraqi Freedom ..................................................................................................................

79

2.23. Iraq and Afghanistan ........................................................................................................................

80

2.24. Conclusion .......................................................................................................................................

82

Chapter 3--ORGANIZATION

83

Section 3A--Overview

83

3.1. Introduction........................................................................................................................................

83

Section 3B--Command Authority and Department of Defense

83

3.2. Commander in Chief ..........................................................................................................................

83

3.3. Department of Defense

83

3.4. Secretary of Defense ..........................................................................................................................

83

3.5. Chairman, Joint Chiefs of Staff..........................................................................................................

84

3.6. Joint Chiefs of Staff ...........................................................................................................................

84

3.7. Joint Staff ...........................................................................................................................................

84

3.8. Unified Combatant Commands and Combined Commands ..............................................................

84

3.9. Military Departments .........................................................................................................................

85

Section 3C--Department of the Air Force

86

3.10. Overview..........................................................................................................................................

86

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3.11. Primary Functions of the Air Force .................................................................................................

86

3.12. Secretary of the Air Force ................................................................................................................

86

3.13. Chief of Staff, United States Air Force ............................................................................................

86

3.14. Headquarters United States Air Force..............................................................................................

56

3.15. Air Staff ...........................................................................................................................................

86

3.16. Air National Guard ..........................................................................................................................

87

3.17. Field Units........................................................................................................................................

87

3.18. Lower Levels of Command..............................................................................................................

93

3.19. Air Reserve Component ...................................................................................................................

95

3.20. Civil Air Patrol (CAP)/United States Air Force Auxiliary (AFAUX) .............................................

95

3.21. Air Force Junior Reserve Officer Training Corps (AFJROTC) .......................................................

96

Section 3D--Functions of Other Services

96

3.22. Common Missions of the Armed Forces of the United States .........................................................

96

3.23. Functions of the United States Army ...............................................................................................

97

3.24. Functions of the United States Navy and Marine Corps ..................................................................

97

3.25. Functions of the United States Air Force .........................................................................................

98

3.26. Functions of the United States Coast Guard ....................................................................................

98

3.27. Conclusion .......................................................................................................................................

98

Chapter 4--AIR FORCE DOCTRINE, AIR EXPEDITIONARY FORCE (AEF) AND JOINT FORCE

99

Section 4A--Overview

99

4.1. Introduction........................................................................................................................................

99

Section 4B--Air Force Doctrine

99

4.2. Uses of Doctrine ................................................................................................................................

99

4.3. Levels of Airpower Doctrine ............................................................................................................. 100

4.4. Airpower ............................................................................................................................................ 101

4.5. The Airman's Perspective .................................................................................................................. 102

4.6. Principles of Joint Operations ............................................................................................................ 103

4.7. Tenets of Airpower ............................................................................................................................ 107

Section 4C--Air Expeditionary Force

109

4.8. Air Expeditionary Force..................................................................................................................... 109

4.9. Air Expeditionary Force Schedule and Posturing .............................................................................. 111

4.10. Deployment Planning Systems and Tools........................................................................................ 111

Section 4D--The Joint Force

115

4.11. Introduction...................................................................................................................................... 115

4.12. Foundations of Joint Doctrine .......................................................................................................... 115

4.13. Fundamental Principles for Joint Command and Control ................................................................ 115

4.14. Joint Force Organization .................................................................................................................. 116

4.15. Joint Operation Planning.................................................................................................................. 119

Section 4E--Joint and Coalition Capabilities

121

4.16. Joint and Coalition Capabilities ....................................................................................................... 121

Section 4F--Adaptive Planning and Execution

123

4.17. Adaptive Planning and Execution (APEX) ...................................................................................... 123

4.18. Deliberate and Crisis Action Planning and Execution Segments..................................................... 124

4.19. Conclusion ....................................................................................................................................... 124

Chapter 5--EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT

125

Section 5A--Overview

125

5.1. Introduction........................................................................................................................................ 125

Section 5B--Emergency Management Program and Air Force Incident Management System

125

5.2. Air Force Emergency Management Program..................................................................................... 125

5.3. The Five Emergency Management Mission Areas ............................................................................ 125

5.4. Air Force Incident Management System............................................................................................ 126

5.5. Air Force Emergency Management Structure.................................................................................... 126

Section 5C--Protective Measures and Response Procedures

127

5.6. Protective Measures ........................................................................................................................... 127

5.7. Air Force Emergency Notification Signals ........................................................................................ 127

5.8. Personnel Sheltering .......................................................................................................................... 127

5.9. Response Procedures.......................................................................................................................... 128

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Section 5D--Natural Disaster, Man-Made Physical and Technological Hazards

128

5.10. Natural Disasters .............................................................................................................................. 128

5.11. Human Caused Hazards ................................................................................................................... 128

Section 5E--Enemy Attack and Terrorist Use of Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear Weapons 129

5.12. Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear Hazards .............................................................. 129

5.13. Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear Threat Agents..................................................... 129

5.14. Enemy Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear Attack .................................................... 130

5.15. Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear Defense Actions ................................................. 130

5.16. Installation Command and Control .................................................................................................. 130

5.17. Individual Protection........................................................................................................................ 130

5.18. Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear Incident Management Phases............................. 131

5.19. Preparedness .................................................................................................................................... 131

5.20. Response .......................................................................................................................................... 133

5.21. Recovery .......................................................................................................................................... 134

5.22. Terrorist Use of Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear Material ................................... 135

5.23. Conclusion ....................................................................................................................................... 135

Chapter 6--STANDARDS OF CONDUCT

136

Section 6A--Overview

136

6.1. Introduction........................................................................................................................................ 136

Section 6B--Law of Armed Conflict

136

6.2. Law of Armed Conflict Defined ........................................................................................................ 136

6.3. Law of Armed Conflict Policy........................................................................................................... 136

6.4. International and Domestic Law ........................................................................................................ 136

6.5. Principles ........................................................................................................................................... 136

6.6. The Protection of War Victims and Classes of Persons ..................................................................... 138

6.7. Military Objectives ............................................................................................................................ 139

6.8. Aircraft and Combat........................................................................................................................... 139

6.9. Enforcing Law of Armed Conflict Rules ........................................................................................... 140

6.10. Reporting Violations ........................................................................................................................ 140

6.11. Rules of Engagement ....................................................................................................................... 140

Section 6C--Code of Conduct

141

6.12. Policy ............................................................................................................................................... 141

6.13. Training............................................................................................................................................ 141

6.14. The Articles of the Code of Conduct ............................................................................................... 141

6.15. Detention of United States Military Personnel in Operations Other than War ................................ 144

Section 6D--Everyday Conduct

145

6.16. Overview.......................................................................................................................................... 145

6.17. Policy ............................................................................................................................................... 145

6.18. Ethical Values .................................................................................................................................. 145

6.19. Professional and Unprofessional Relationships ............................................................................... 146

6.20. General Guidelines on Avoiding Unprofessional Relationships Including Fraternization .............. 147

6.21. Consequences of Unprofessional Conduct....................................................................................... 148

6.22. Responsibilities for Professional Relationships ............................................................................... 148

6.23. Actions in Response to Unprofessional Relationships ..................................................................... 149

6.24. Financial Responsibility................................................................................................................... 149

Section 6E--Ethics and Conflict of Interest Prohibitions

150

6.25. Overview.......................................................................................................................................... 150

6.26. Bribery and Graft ............................................................................................................................. 150

6.27. Compensation from Other Sources .................................................................................................. 150

6.28. Additional Pay or Allowance ........................................................................................................... 150

6.29. Commercial Dealings Involving Department of Defense Personnel................................................ 150

6.30. Gifts from Foreign Governments ..................................................................................................... 150

6.31. Contributions or Presents to Superiors ............................................................................................. 151

6.32. Federal Government Resources ....................................................................................................... 151

6.33. Communication Systems.................................................................................................................. 151

6.34. Gambling, Betting, and Lotteries ..................................................................................................... 151

Section 6F--Political Activities

152

6.35. Overview.......................................................................................................................................... 152

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6.36. Rights ............................................................................................................................................... 152 6.37. Prohibitions ...................................................................................................................................... 152 6.38. Voting .............................................................................................................................................. 152 6.39. Dissident and Protest Activities ....................................................................................................... 153 6.40. Public Statements ............................................................................................................................. 154 6.41. Conclusion ....................................................................................................................................... 154

Chapter 7--ENFORCING STANDARDS AND LEGAL ISSUES

155

Section 7A--Overview

155

7.1. Introduction ....................................................................................................................................... 155

Section 7B--Air Force Inspection System

155

7.2. Purpose............................................................................................................................................... 155

7.3. Philosophy ......................................................................................................................................... 155

7.4. Inspection Types ................................................................................................................................ 155

7.5. Inspection Elements ........................................................................................................................... 156

7.6. Gatekeeper Program........................................................................................................................... 156

Section 7C--Inspector General Complaints Program

156

7.7. Program Policy and Mission Focus.................................................................................................... 156

7.8. Installation Inspector General Program.............................................................................................. 157

Section 7D--Individual Standards

159

7.9. Enforcing Individual Standards.......................................................................................................... 159

7.10. Administrative Counseling, Admonitions, and Reprimands ............................................................ 159

7.11. Unfavorable Information File (UIF) ................................................................................................ 160

7.12. Control Roster .................................................................................................................................. 161

7.13. Administrative Demotion of Airmen ............................................................................................... 162

7.14. Administrative Separations .............................................................................................................. 162

Section 7E--Punitive Actions

163

7.15. Military Law, a Separate Judicial System ........................................................................................ 163

7.16. Military Jurisdiction in Action ......................................................................................................... 164

7.17. Nonjudicial Punishment ? Article 15 ............................................................................................... 166

7.18. Types of Courts-Martial................................................................................................................... 168

7.19. Court-Martial Procedures................................................................................................................. 168

7.20. Initial Review of Trial Records........................................................................................................ 170

7.21. Appellate Review............................................................................................................................. 170

7.22. NCO Military Justice Responsibilities ............................................................................................. 170

Section 7F--Legal Issues

170

7.23. Evolution of the Military Justice System ......................................................................................... 170

7.24. Constitutional Underpinnings .......................................................................................................... 171

7.25. Jurisdiction of Military Courts ......................................................................................................... 172

7.26. Commander Involvement................................................................................................................. 173

7.27. Roles of the Parties in the Adversarial System ................................................................................ 173

7.28. Post-Trial Matters and Appellate Review ........................................................................................ 174

7.29. Punitive Articles............................................................................................................................... 175

7.30. Conclusion ....................................................................................................................................... 178

Chapter 8--MILITARY CUSTOMS, COURTESIES, AND PROTOCOL FOR SPECIAL EVENTS

179

Section 8A--Overview

179

8.1. Introduction........................................................................................................................................ 179

Section 8B--Symbols

179

8.2. The United States Flag ....................................................................................................................... 179

8.3. Department of the Air Force Seal ...................................................................................................... 185

8.4. Official Air Force Symbol ................................................................................................................. 186

Section 8C--Professional Behavior

187

8.5. Respect for the Flag ........................................................................................................................... 187

8.6. Saluting .............................................................................................................................................. 187

8.7. Military Etiquette ............................................................................................................................... 188

8.8. Courtesies to Other Services .............................................................................................................. 188

8.9. Respect and Recognition.................................................................................................................... 188

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Section 8D--Drill and Ceremony 8.10. Flag Ceremonies .............................................................................................................................. 8.11. Air Force Ceremonies ...................................................................................................................... 8.12. Special Ceremonies and Events ....................................................................................................... 8.13. Drill ..................................................................................................................................................

Section 8E--Honor Guard, Protocol, Distinguished Visitors, and Military Ceremonies 8.14. Base Honor Guard Program ............................................................................................................. 8.15. Protocol Defined .............................................................................................................................. 8.16. Distinguished Visitors...................................................................................................................... 8.17. General Information ......................................................................................................................... 8.18. Order of the Sword........................................................................................................................... 8.19. Conclusion .......................................................................................................................................

Chapter 9--THE NONCOMMISSIONED OFFICER Section 9A--Overview 9.1. Introduction........................................................................................................................................ Section 9B--The Enlisted Force Structure 9.2. Philosophy ......................................................................................................................................... 9.3. Purpose of the Enlisted Force Structure ............................................................................................. 9.4. Air Force Leadership Levels .............................................................................................................. 9.5. Enlisted Force Structure Tiers, Ranks and Roles ............................................................................... 9.6. General Junior Enlisted Airmen Responsibilities .............................................................................. 9.7. General NCO Responsibilities ........................................................................................................... 9.8. General Senior NCO Responsibilities................................................................................................ 9.9. Enlisted Duty Titles ........................................................................................................................... 9.10. Special Enlisted Positions ................................................................................................................ 9.11. Developmental Special Duties ......................................................................................................... 9.12. Airmanship....................................................................................................................................... 9.13. We Are All Recruiters (WEAR) and Recruiters Assistance (RAP) ................................................. Section 9C--Enlisted Professional Military Education 9.14. United States Air Force Enlisted Professional Military Education .................................................. 9.15. Senior Enlisted Joint PME ............................................................................................................... Section 9D--Military Ethics 9.16. Introduction...................................................................................................................................... Section 9E--Enlisted Force Development 9.17. Introduction...................................................................................................................................... 9.18. Enlisted Force Development Oversight ........................................................................................... 9.19. Enlisted Force Development Tools .................................................................................................. 9.20. Institutional Competencies............................................................................................................... Section 9F--The Profession of Arms: An Airman's Perspective 9.21. America's Guardians ....................................................................................................................... 9.22. Professionalism or Profession of Arms ............................................................................................ 9.23. The Airman's Perspective ................................................................................................................ 9.24. The Warrior Ethos............................................................................................................................ 9.25. Valor ................................................................................................................................................ 9.26. Courage ............................................................................................................................................ 9.27. Sacrifice ........................................................................................................................................... 9.28. Profession of Arms Conclusion ....................................................................................................... Section 9G--Personal Professionalism 9.29. Readiness ......................................................................................................................................... 9.30. Chief of Staff, United States Air Force Professional Reading Program .......................................... 9.31. Core Values...................................................................................................................................... 9.32. Conclusion .......................................................................................................................................

Chapter 10--LEADERSHIP Section 10A--Overview 10.1. Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... Section 10B--Leadership 10.2. The Art and Science of Leadership .................................................................................................. 10.3. Leadership Self-Evaluation ..............................................................................................................

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