Www.ukaaf.org
Welsh Braille Code
Welsh braille uses the same general rules with regard to composition signs, punctuation signs, etc., as those stated in The Rules of Unified English Braille (2013). However, the alphabet, and the system of contractions used for grade 2 are specific to Welsh, and these are covered in this document. In addition there are special signs for accents.
Alphabet
a A ng NG ph PH
b B h H r R
c C i I rh RH
ch * l L s S
d D ll LL t T
dd DD m M th ?
e E n N u U
f F o O w W
ff FF p P y Y
g G
In addition, the remaining letters from the English alphabet may be used where necessary:
j J q Q x X
k K v V z Z
Contractions
Wordsigns
Alphabetic Wordsigns:
Sign Meaning English Sign Meaning English
Meaning Meaning
A a and LL llawer many
B beth what M mae is
C cael to have N nid not
* chwarae to play O o from; of
D dyma here is P pobl people
DD ddoe yesterday R roedd was
F fel like; as RH rhai some
FF ffordd road; way; manner S sydd is; are
G gyda with T trwy through
H hoffi to like U unig lonely; sole;
alone
I i to; for W wedi after
L lawr down Y y the
Dots 4-5-6 Wordsigns:
These wordsigns may also be used as parts of words.
Sign Meaning English Sign Meaning English
Meaning Meaning
_C cyrraedd to reach; to arrive _M meddwl to think
_G gweithio to work _S sylweddoli to realize
_H hefyd also _W wedyn afterwards
Dot 5 Wordsigns:
These wordsigns may also be used as parts of words.
Sign Meaning English Sign Meaning English
Meaning Meaning
"* chwerthin to laugh "P plentyn child
"D dydd day "R rydw I am
"E eistedd to sit "RH rhaid necessity; must
"F fyny up "S siarad to speak; to talk
"H heddiw today "T tywydd weather
"M mynd to go "U uchel high
"N newydd new "W wrth to; by
"O oedd was "Y ysgol school; ladder
(Note that "rh is always to be read as ‘rhaid’ and not ‘rydwh’.)
Wordsigns cannot be used if the words are mutated. For example, P is used for the word ‘pobl’, but not for the mutated form ‘bobl’ which must be written out.
Groupsigns
Simple Upper Groupsigns:
These may generally be used wherever the letters they represent occur. However, ed may not be contracted in the sequence ‘edd’, nor of in the sequence ‘off’.
> ar ] er [ ow
$ ed 9 in / st
5 en ( of
Composite Groupsigns:
These may only be used at the end of words, and never as whole words.
Dots 4-6 Groupsigns:
.D iaid ending for common nouns, e.g. anifeiliaid – animals
.N ion e.g. dynion – men
.? waith e.g. unwaith – once
Dots 5-6 Groupsigns:
;DD rwydd ending of abstract nouns, e.g. gwallgofrwydd –
madness
;S yddes ending denoting a person or an agent, e.g.
ysgrifenyddes – secretary
;? iaeth ending of abstract nouns, e.g. daearyddiaeth –
geography
Shortforms
Shortforms may in most circumstances be used as parts of words, provided the original meanings of the words they represent are retained.
Shortform Meaning English Meaning
angh anghofio to forget
ar ar on
arb arbennig special
bdd byddai would be; he/she would be
bl blwyddyn year
brl braille braille
dchr dechrau beginning
dch diolch thank (you)
dw diwedd end
dwth diwethaf last
efll efallai maybe
eis eisiau want
ffr ffrind friend
gnd gwneud to make
grff gorffen finish
gw gwelwch you see; you can see
gwb gwybod to know
hn hynny that
llr llythyr letter
mdd meddai said
nth neithiwr last night
ohw oherwydd because
pend penderfynu to decide
pl plant children
prh prynhawn afternoon
pthu pethau things
rhw rhyw some; sex
rhwb rhywbeth something
rhwbr rhywbryd sometime
rhwf rhywfodd somehow
rhwft rhywfaint some amount
rhwl rhywle somewhere
rhwu rhywun someone
st stori story
uwb uwchben above
wthu weithiau sometimes
ysg ysgrifennu to write
Accents
@ ^ circumflex e.g. caniatâd – permission
^ ¨ diaeresis e.g. copïo – to copy
2 ̀ grave e.g. pìn – pin
3 ´ acute e.g. carafán – caravan
In order to avoid conflicts with UEB signs, the following rule is applied: The accents for circumflex and diaeresis may only be used before the vowels a, e, i, o, u, w, y. Where dot 4 or dots 45 before a vowel is needed to represent a sign as defined in UEB (e.g. dot 4 e for euro), it should be preceded by the grade 1 indicator, dots 56 (i.e. in Welsh braille the euro sign is ;@e ).
(The above does not apply within special modes in UEB, e.g. following the arrow indicator: the specific UEB rules are in effect in such contexts, and the meaning of the above signs as accents is not permissible.)
A letter with an accent may not be contained within a contraction, but other contractions in the word may be used.
[October 2014]
UKAAF contact details
Tel: 01270 449165
Email: enquiries@
Web:
President: Lord Low of Dalston CBE
Registered charity number: 1126966
Registered as a company in England and Wales number: 6748900
-----------------------
PAGE 1
[pic][?]Ž² q r s t | } ~ ‚ ƒ ˆ Š ? ‘ ’ – — › œ ¡ ¢ ¦ § « ¬ ± ³ ´ ¹ º ¾ ¿ Ã Ä Å É Ê Ï Ñ Õ Ö × Ü Þ â ã è é ê î ï ó ô ø ù ú þ ÿ òîêîîêåêêîîîêîîêÕêÕêÕÅêÕêÕêÕÅêÕêÕêÕÅêÕêÕêÕÅêÕêÕêÕÅêÕêÕêÕÅêÕêÕêÕÅêÕêÕêÕÅêÕêÕêÕÅ-hÄaICJ$OJPJQJ^JaJ$-h˜%†CJ$OJPJQJ^JaJ$ h˜%†6?h˜%†hÄaIjh×r®U[pic]mH
................
................
In order to avoid copyright disputes, this page is only a partial summary.
To fulfill the demand for quickly locating and searching documents.
It is intelligent file search solution for home and business.
Related download
- stage a new to english essex schools infolink
- word wall cards with pictures
- materials vdoe virginia department of education home
- teaching of language english hindi
- english level 1 sample scheme of work word document
- gov
- k 5 ela missouri learning standards grade level expectations
- new english file intermediate
Related searches
- https www municipalonlinepayments
- bcps org jobs
- smartcu org sign on page
- aarp org membership card registration
- free org email accounts
- hackensackumc org pay bill
- get my transcripts org from college
- bcps org community volunteer info
- my access tgh org portal
- bcps org employee self service
- intranet florida hospital org employee
- typical finance org chart