MANAGEMENT OF CHRONIC NON-CANCER PAIN:

However, treatment that consists solely of medication (addictive and non-addictive) is considered passive and can limit progress. Evidence supporting the long-term use of opioids for the relief of persistent pain is poor, and their use has been significantly associated with severe pain, poor self-rated health, higher healthcare utilisation, living alone and a lower quality of life.27 . While ... ................
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