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GCSE BIOLOGY (AQA)
Unit 1 - The use and abuse of drugs
End of Topic Assessment
Time allowed: 25 minutes
Instructions:
• Use blue or black ink or ball-point pen.
• Fill in the boxes at the top of this page.
• Answer all questions in the spaces provided.
• All working must be shown.
• Do all rough work in this book.
• Cross through any work you do not want marked.
Information:
• The maximum mark for this paper is 22.
• Mark allocations are shown in brackets.
| | | |For Teacher’s Use |
| | | |Total (22) | |
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| | | |Grade | |
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|The picture below is from an advertising campaign highlighting the dangers of smoking. | |
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|[pic] | |
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|People abuse drugs because when they first take them they may change the way that person feels. Drugs change the chemical processes in people’s bodies so| |
|that they may become dependent or addicted to them. For example, cocaine leads to increased levels of neurotransmitters (chemicals released at synapses).| |
|If they stop taking the drugs they may suffer withdrawal symptoms without them. | |
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|Which system in the body is directly affected when a drug changes the way a person feels? | |
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|(1 mark) | |
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|(i) How do the chemical changes linked with cocaine lead to someone | |
|becoming addicted. | |
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|(ii) Name a drug that is more addictive than nicotine in cigarette smoke or | |
|cocaine. | |
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|…….…..……………………………………………………………………..………….. | |
|(1 mark) | |
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|Why do withdrawal symptoms occur when someone stops taking cocaine? | |
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|2. Nicotine is the addictive substance in tobacco. People can be helped to stop smoking by giving them nicotine replacement therapy (NRT). The table | |
|gives the results of trials of different types of NRT. | |
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|Smokers given NRT | |
|Smokers given placebo | |
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|Type of NRT | |
|Number of | |
|smokers in trial | |
|Percentage of | |
|smokers who gave up smoking | |
|Number of | |
|smokers in trial | |
|Percentage of | |
|smokers who gave up smoking | |
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|Gum | |
|7387 | |
|20 | |
|9319 | |
|12 | |
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|Patch | |
|7708 | |
|14 | |
|5969 | |
|8 | |
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|Nasal spray | |
|448 | |
|24 | |
|439 | |
|12 | |
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|Inhaler | |
|490 | |
|14 | |
|486 | |
|8 | |
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|Tablet | |
|243 | |
|20 | |
|245 | |
|13 | |
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|(a) (i) What is a placebo? | |
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|(ii) Why was a placebo used in these NRT trials? |7 |
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|(1 mark) | |
|(b) (i) In which trial was the data most reliable? | |
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|(ii) Give the reason for your answer. | |
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|(c) (i) Which type of NRT was most effective? | |
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|(ii) Explain the reasons for your answer. | |
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|Turn over ► | |
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|3. Read the description of an investigation into the link between smoking cannabis and heroin addiction. | |
|Six ‘teenage’ rats were given a small dose of THC – the active chemical in cannabis – every three days between the ages of 28 and 49 days. This is the | |
|equivalent of human ages 12 to 18. | |
|The amount of THC given was roughly equivalent to a human smoking one cannabis ‘joint’ every three days. | |
|A control group of six ‘teenage’ rats did not receive THC. | |
|After 56 days catheters (narrow tubes) were inserted in all twelve of the now adult rats and they were able to self-administer heroin by pushing a lever. | |
|All the rats began to self-administer heroin frequently. After a while, they stabilised their daily intake at a certain level. | |
|The ones that had been on THC as ‘teenagers’ stabilised their heroin intake at a much higher level than the others. They appeared to be less sensitive to | |
|the effects of heroin. This pattern continued throughout their lives. | |
|Reduced sensitivity to the heroin means that the rats take larger doses. This has been shown to increase the risk of addiction. | |
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|Evaluate this investigation with respect to establishing a link between cannabis smoking and heroin addiction in humans. | |
|Remember to include a conclusion to your evaluation. | |
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|4. It is legal in the UK to use certain recreational drugs but illegal to use others. Tobacco and alcohol are legal drugs. Illegal drugs are classified | |
|as Class A, B or C. Class A drugs are the most dangerous. The use of Class A drugs attracts the most serious punishments and fines. | |
|Cannabis was recently upgraded from being a Class drug to a Class B drug. | |
|These are some facts about cannabis. | |
|• It is less addictive than tobacco or alcohol. | |
|• It may cause mental illness. | |
|• It does not seem to cause major social problems. | |
|• It may be a ‘gateway’ drug to more harmful substances. | |
|• It has a higher tar content than tobacco. | |
|• It has an effect on the heart, similar to the effects of exercise. | |
|• It can upset the control of blood pressure. | |
|Use the above information to answer these questions. | |
|(a) Give two reasons why many people wanted Cannabis to be upgraded from being a Class C drug to a Class B drug. | |
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|(b) Give two reasons why many people think that cannabis should not be classified as an illegal drug. | |
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|(2 marks) | |
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|END OF QUESTIONS | |
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