PDF VCE Chemistry written examination - Data Book

Victorian Certificate of Education Year

CHEMISTRY

Written examination

DATA BOOK

Instructions This data book is provided for your reference. A question and answer book is provided with this data book. Students are NOT permitted to bring mobile phones and/or any other unauthorised electronic devices into the examination room.

? VICTORIAN CURRICULUM AND ASSESSMENT AUTHORITY 2020 December 2020

CHEMISTRY DATA BOOK

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Table of contents

1. Periodic table of the elements 2. Electrochemical series 3. Chemical relationships 4. Physical constants and standard values 5. Unit conversions 6. Metric (including SI) prefixes 7. Acid-base indicators 8. Representations of organic molecules 9. Formulas of some fatty acids 10. Formulas of some biomolecules 11. Heats of combustion of common fuels 12. Heats of combustion of common blended fuels 13. Energy content of food groups 14. Characteristic ranges for infra-red absorption 15. 13C NMR data 16. 1H NMR data 17. 2-amino acids (-amino acids)

Page 3 4 5 5 6 6 6 7 7 8?9 10 10 10 11 11

12?13 14?15

1. Periodic table of the elements

1 H 1.0 hydrogen

3 Li 6.9 lithium

11 Na 23.0 sodium

19 K 39.1 potassium

37 Rb 85.5 rubidium

55 Cs 132.9 caesium

87 Fr (223) francium

4 Be 9.0 beryllium

12 Mg 24.3 magnesium

20 Ca 40.1 calcium

38 Sr 87.6 strontium

56 Ba 137.3 barium

88 Ra (226) radium

21 Sc 45.0 scandium

22 Ti 47.9 titanium

39 Y 88.9 yttrium

40 Zr 91.2 zirconium

57?71 lanthanoids

72 Hf 178.5 hafnium

89?103 actinoids

104 Rf (261)

rutherfordium

23 V 50.9 vanadium

41 Nb 92.9 niobium

73 Ta 180.9 tantalum

105 Db (262) dubnium

atomic number relative atomic mass

79 Au 197.0 gold

symbol of element name of element

5 B 10.8 boron

13 Al 27.0 aluminium

24

25

26

Cr

Mn

Fe

52.0

54.9

55.8

chromium manganese

iron

27 Co 58.9 cobalt

28 Ni 58.7 nickel

29 Cu 63.5 copper

30

31

Zn

Ga

65.4

69.7

zinc

gallium

42 Mo 96.0 molybdenum

43 Tc (98) technetium

44 Ru 101.1 ruthenium

45 Rh 102.9 rhodium

46 Pd 106.4 palladium

47 Ag 107.9 silver

48 Cd 112.4 cadmium

49 In 114.8 indium

74 W 183.8 tungsten

75 Re 186.2 rhenium

76 Os 190.2 osmium

77 Ir 192.2 iridium

78 Pt 195.1 platinum

79 Au 197.0 gold

80 Hg 200.6 mercury

81 Tl 204.4 thallium

106 Sg (266) seaborgium

107 Bh (264) bohrium

108 Hs (267) hassium

109 Mt (268) meitnerium

110

111

Ds

Rg

(271)

(272)

darmstadtium roentgenium

112 Cn (285) copernicium

113 Nh (280) nihonium

6 C 12.0 carbon

14 Si 28.1 silicon

32 Ge 72.6 germanium

50 Sn 118.7 tin

82 Pb 207.2 lead

114 Fl (289) flerovium

7 N 14.0 nitrogen

8 O 16.0 oxygen

15 P 31.0 phosphorus

16 S 32.1 sulfur

33 As 74.9 arsenic

34 Se 79.0 selenium

51 Sb 121.8 antimony

52 Te 127.6 tellurium

83 Bi 209.0 bismuth

84 Po (210) polonium

115 Mc (289) moscovium

116 Lv (292) livermorium

9 F 19.0 fluorine

17 Cl 35.5 chlorine

35 Br 79.9 bromine

53 I 126.9 iodine

85 At (210) astatine

117 Ts (294) tennessine

2 He 4.0 helium

10 Ne 20.2 neon

18 Ar 39.9 argon

36 Kr 83.8 krypton

54 Xe 131.3 xenon

86 Rn (222) radon

118 Og (294) oganesson

3

57 La 138.9 lanthanum

58 Ce 140.1 cerium

59

60

Pr

Nd

140.9

144.2

praseodymium neodymium

61 Pm (145) promethium

62 Sm 150.4 samarium

63 Eu 152.0 europium

64 Gd 157.3 gadolinium

65 Tb 158.9 terbium

66 Dy 162.5 dysprosium

67 Ho 164.9 holmium

68 Er 167.3 erbium

69 Tm 168.9 thulium

70 Yb 173.1 ytterbium

71 Lu 175.0 lutetium

CHEMISTRY DATA BOOK

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89 Ac (227) actinium

90 Th 232.0 thorium

91 Pa 231.0 protactinium

92 U 238.0 uranium

93 Np (237) neptunium

94 Pu (244) plutonium

95 Am (243) americium

96 Cm (247) curium

97 Bk (247) berkelium

98 Cf (251) californium

99 Es (252) einsteinium

100 Fm (257) fermium

101 Md (258) mendelevium

102 No (259) nobelium

103 Lr (262) lawrencium

The value in brackets indicates the mass number of the longest-lived isotope.

CHEMISTRY DATA BOOK

2. Electrochemical series

Reaction

F2(g) + 2e? 2F?(aq) H2O2(aq) + 2H+(aq) + 2e? 2H2O(l) Au+(aq) + e? Au(s) Cl2(g) + 2e? 2Cl?(aq) O2(g) + 4H+(aq) + 4e? 2H2O(1) Br2(l) + 2e? 2Br?(aq) Ag+(aq) + e? Ag(s) Fe3+(aq) + e? Fe2+(aq) O2(g) + 2H+(aq) + 2e? H2O2(aq) I2(s) + 2e? 2I?(aq) O2(g) + 2H2O(l) + 4e? 4OH?(aq) Cu2+(aq) + 2e? Cu(s) Sn4+(aq) + 2e? Sn2+(aq) S(s) + 2H+(aq) + 2e? H2S(g) 2H+(aq) + 2e? H2(g) Pb2+(aq) + 2e? Pb(s) Sn2+(aq) + 2e? Sn(s) Ni2+(aq) + 2e? Ni(s) Co2+(aq) + 2e? Co(s) Cd2+(aq) + 2e? Cd(s) Fe2+(aq) + 2e? Fe(s) Zn2+(aq) + 2e? Zn(s) 2H2O(l) + 2e? H2(g) + 2OH?(aq) Mn2+(aq) + 2e? Mn(s) Al3+(aq) + 3e? Al(s) Mg2+(aq) + 2e? Mg(s) Na+(aq) + e? Na(s) Ca2+(aq) + 2e? Ca(s) K+(aq) + e? K(s) Li+(aq) + e? Li(s)

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Standard electrode potential (E0) in volts at 25 ?C +2.87 +1.77 +1.68 +1.36 +1.23 +1.09 +0.80 +0.77 +0.68 +0.54 +0.40 +0.34 +0.15 +0.14 0.00 ?0.13 ?0.14 ?0.25 ?0.28 ?0.40 ?0.44 ?0.76 ?0.83 ?1.18 ?1.66 ?2.37 ?2.71 ?2.87 ?2.93 ?3.04

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CHEMISTRY DATA BOOK

3. Chemical relationships

Name

Formula

number of moles of a substance

=n m= ; n cV ; n = V

M

Vm

universal gas equation

pV = nRT

calibration factor (CF) for bomb calorimetry heat energy released in the combustion of a fuel

CF = VIt T

q = mcT

enthalpy of combustion

H = q n

electric charge

Q = It

number of moles of electrons

n(e- ) = Q F

% atom economy

molar mass of desired product ? 100 molar mass of all reactants 1

% yield

actual yield ? 100 theoretical yield 1

4. Physical constants and standard values

Name Avogadro constant charge on one electron (elementary charge) Faraday constant molar gas constant molar volume of an ideal gas at SLC (25 ?C and 100 kPa) specific heat capacity of water density of water at 25 ?C

Symbol NA or L

e F R Vm

c d

Value 6.02 ? 1023 mol?1 ?1.60 ? 10?19 C 96 500 C mol?1 8.31 J mol?1 K?1 24.8 L mol?1

4.18 kJ kg?1 K?1 or 4.18 J g?1 K?1 997 kg m?3 or 0.997 g mL?1

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CHEMISTRY DATA BOOK

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5. Unit conversions

Measured value

Conversion

0 ?C

273 K

100 kPa 1 litre (L)

750 mm Hg or 0.987 atm 1 dm3 or 1 ? 10?3 m3 or 1 ? 103 cm3 or 1 ? 103 mL

6. Metric (including SI) prefixes

Metric (including SI)

prefixes giga (G) mega (M) kilo (k) deci (d) centi (c) milli (m) micro () nano (n) pico (p)

Scientific notation

109 106 103 10?1 10?2 10?3 10?6 10?9 10?12

Multiplying factor

1 000 000 000 1 000 000 1000 0.1 0.01 0.001 0.000001 0.000000001 0.000000000001

7. Acid-base indicators

Name

thymol blue (1st change) methyl orange bromophenol blue methyl red bromothymol blue phenol red thymol blue (2nd change) phenolphthalein

pH range

1.2?2.8 3.1?4.4 3.0?4.6 4.4?6.2 6.0?7.6 6.8?8.4 8.0?9.6 8.3?10.0

Colour change from lower pH to higher pH in range red yellow red yellow yellow blue red yellow yellow blue yellow red yellow blue colourless pink

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CHEMISTRY DATA BOOK

8. Representations of organic molecules

The following table shows different representations of organic molecules, using butanoic acid as an example.

Formula molecular formula structural formula

semi-structural (condensed) formula skeletal structure

Representation

C4H8O2

HHH O H CCCC

HHH O H

CH3CH2CH2COOHorCH3(CH2)2COOH

O H

O

9. Formulas of some fatty acids

Name

Formula

lauric myristic palmitic palmitoleic stearic oleic linoleic linolenic arachidic arachidonic

C11H23COOH C13H27COOH C15H31COOH C15H29COOH C17H35COOH C17H33COOH C17H31COOH C17H29COOH C19H39COOH C19H31COOH

Semi-structural formula CH3(CH2)10COOH CH3(CH2)12COOH CH3(CH2)14COOH CH3(CH2)4CH2CH=CHCH2 (CH2)5CH2COOH CH3(CH2)16COOH CH3(CH2)7CH=CH(CH2)7COOH CH3(CH2)4(CH=CHCH2)2(CH2)6COOH CH3CH2(CH=CHCH2)3(CH2)6COOH CH3(CH2)17CH2COOH CH3(CH2)4(CH=CHCH2)3CH=CH(CH2)3COOH

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CHEMISTRY DATA BOOK

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10. Formulas of some biomolecules

CH3

H3C

CH

CH CH

CH CH

CH3

CH3

CH3

H3C

CH

CH2 CH2 CH2 CH

CH3

CH3

CH3

CH CH

CH2

HO vitamin D2 (ergocalciferol)

O

O

OH

HO

CH

OH

CH2 HO

vitamin C (ascorbic acid)

CH2OH O

OH

HO

OH

OH

-glucose

CH2OH O

CH2OH O

OH

HO

O

OH

OH CH2OH

OH

sucrose

CH CH

CH2

HO vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol)

H H C OH H C OH H C OH

H glycerol

CH2OH O

HO OH

OH CH2OH

-fructose

CH2OH O

CH2OH

OH

HO

O

O

OH

OH

OH

OH -lactose

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