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center000BSc (Hones) in Information Technology Specialized in Interactive MediaBatch 2016Multimedia SystemsTutorial 4 IT 141117138 R.AbhiyugaaDiscuss the implications of using audio in a production, focusing on the purpose of the audio, how to manage audio files, and copyright issues.Sound is perhaps the most important element of multimedia. The purpose of audio is to help create mood and ambience. Audio or Sound is the most common entertainment path of the life. Music can touch humans’ heart easily. It is meaningful “speech” in any language, from a whisper to a scream. It can provide the listening pleasure of music, the startling accent of special effects or the ambience of a mood setting background. Sound is the terminology used in the analog form, and the digitized form of sound is called as audio.Once a recording has been made, it will almost certainly need to be edited. The basic sound editing operations that most multimedia procedures needed are described in the paragraphs that follow:-1. Multiple Tasks: Able to edit and combine multiple tracks and then merge the tracks and export them in a final mix to a single audio file.2. Trimming: Removing dead air or blank space from the front of a recording and an unnecessary extra time off the end is your first sound editing task.3. Splicing and Assembly: Using the same tools mentioned for trimming, you will probably want to remove the extraneous noises that inevitably creep into recording.4. Volume Adjustments: If you are trying to assemble ten different recordings into a single track there is a little chance that all the segments have the same volume.5. Format Conversion: In some cases your digital audio editing software might read a format different from that read by your presentation or authoring program.6. Resampling or down sampling: If you have recorded and edited your sounds at 16 bit sampling rates but are using lower rates you must resample or down sample the file.7. Equalization: Some programs offer digital equalization capabilities that allow you to modify a recording frequency content so that it sounds brighter or darker.8. Digital Signal Processing: Some programs allow you to process the signal with reverberation, multitap delay, and other special effects using DSP routines.List the four main sampling rates and the two sampling depths. Briefly describe what each is most useful for. How does mono versus stereo come into the equation?Sampling Rate: The sampling rate is the number of samples of data taken in one second for each channel of audio being recorded. CDs are recorded at 44,100 samples per second.Main Sampling Rates32,000 Hz - Standard Broadcast Rate44,100 Hz - CD Quality48,000?Hz - Standard DVD96,000 Hz - Blu-Ray DVD QualitySampling Depths16 bit - CD/DVD Audio/Pro Tools & LogicPro software.24 bit - Blu-Ray Disc//Pro Tools & LogicPro software.The difference is in the number of channels (signals) used.?Mono?uses one,?stereo?uses more than one. In monaural sound one single channel is used. It can be reproduced through several speakers, but all speakers are still reproducing the same copy of the signal.Mono - Mono has only one channel. There for using Mono, listener can’t get the feeling sense of depth as Stereo.Stereo – Stereo has two independent channels. One for left and other one for Right. Both these signal are similar but not exactly the same. These both channels are used to give the sense of depth to the listener.The Equation of the Mono and StereoSampling rate * duration of recording in seconds * (bit resolution / 8) * No of channelsMonoSampling rate * duration of recording in seconds * (bit resolution / 8) * 1 Stereo Sampling rate * duration of recording in seconds * (bit resolution / 8) * 2You have been assigned to design and produce the audio portions of a multimedia project. The program will be delivered on a CD-ROM, and video clips will take up most of the CD. You have only 50MB of storage space to store 20 one-minute clips of speech, 10 songs averaging three minutes long, and a background sound loop. What sampling rates and depths should you use for the speech, for the music, and for the background sound? Why? Roughly calculate the file size totals for these specifications, and be sure that you end up with less than the 50MB of storage space allotted. Discuss your reasoning.I would like to use mp3 file format for audio file in the video clip because mp3 format already compressed and reduced the file size.??Then, I would like to use 128kbps bit rate for the songs. Lastly, I choose 128kbps bit rate for my background sound as the quality is better.Speech60 seconds * 96 kbps = 5760 kilobits5760/8 = 720 kilobytes (0.72 megabytes)0.72 * 20 = 14.4mb Music200 seconds * 128kbps = 25600 kilobits25600/8 = 3200 kilobytes (3.20 megabytes)3.20 * 10 = 32mb Background Song200 seconds * 128kps = 25600 kilobits25600/8 = 3200 kilobytes (3.2mb)Total: 14.4+32+3.2 = 49.60mbDescribe what MIDI is, what its benefits are, and how it is best used in a multimedia project.MIDI stands for Musical Instrument Digital Interface. MIDI allows electronic instruments and other digital musical tools to create a bridge and make excellent music. A MIDI instrument is developed using part of the Software and part of the Hardware. MIDI helps to compose music without the exact music instrument. Can use MIDI keyboard and use predefined tones to compose music.Advantages of MIDICompact?- an entire song can be stored within a few hundred MIDI messages Compared to audio data which is sampled thousands of times a secondEasy to modify/manipulate notes?- change pitch, duration, and other parameters without having to rerecordChange instruments?- MIDI only describes which notes to play, you can send these notes to any instrument to change the overall sound of the composition.List the steps you would go through to record, edit, and process a set of sound files for inclusion on a web site. How would you digitally process the files to ensure they are consistent, have minimum file size, and sound their best?There are some steps in order to complete a set of sound files for inclusion on a web site. It will be start from record, edit and process. Besides that, digitally process also the important part to ensure everything is being consistent. There are:The file size (in bytes) of a digital recording is sampling rate * duration of recording in seconds * (bit resolution / 8) * number of tracks (1 for mono, 2 for stereo).Consumer-grade audio compact disc are recorded in stereo at a sampling rate 44.1 kHz and a 16-nit resolution. Other sampling rates include 22.05 and 11 kHz, at either 16 or 18 bits.When recording (digitizing) audio, it's important to keep the recording level near the maximum without going over it.?Important steps in digital sound editing include removing blank space from the star and end of a recording and normalizing the sound to bring all clips to approximately the same level.The native sound file formats for most Macintosh sound editing software are the SND and AIF formats, and most editing software is a WAV file.Many audio editors provide tools such as resampling, fade-ins and -outs, equalization, time stretching, various digital signal processing effects, and reversing sounds. ................
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