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Solids, Liquids and Gases – Summary
Use the words in the box to complete the summary.
|liquids |gases |volume |solid |condensing |
|evaporation |compressed |expand |spaces |freezes |
1. There are three states of matter; ………………..., ………………... and ………………...
2. Gases can be easily ………………... and there are big ………………... between the particles.
3. Solids and liquids occupy a definite ………………... which can be measured and cannot be ………………...
4. Solids, liquids and ………………... all ………………... when they are heated.
5. Melting is when a ………………... changes into a liquid.
6. ………………... is when a liquid changes into a gas.
7. ………………... is when a gas changes into a liquid.
8. When a liquid changes into a solid it ………………...
Now make sure that you know these facts!
Particles of matter
Key terms
matter particle model of matter three states of matter solid liquid gas atom
Everything in the world is made up of very small pieces that are called particles. The particles are also called particles of matter. Matter is the name used by scientists to describe what everything around us is made of.
This idea is called the particle model of matter. A model is a way that scientists use to explain how something works.
Matter can be in three different phases called the three states of matter. The states of matter are solids, liquids and gases.
The particles of matter are always moving and can be different distances apart. How quickly the particles of matter are moving and how far apart they are determine if the substance is a solid, liquid or gas.
|[pic] | |
|particles of matter in a solid |The particles of matter in a solid are very close together and |
| |are jiggling around. They do not move very far because they are|
| |packed in together very tightly. |
|[pic] |THE PARTICLES OF MATTER IN A LIQUID HAVE SPREAD OUT FROM EACH |
|PARTICLES OF MATTER IN A LIQUID |OTHER AND SO HAVE ROOM TO MOVE AROUND A BIT MORE. THEY ARE ALSO|
| |ABLE TO MOVE A BIT FASTER. |
| |In a crystalline solid the particles are positioned in an |
| |ordered arrangement called a lattice. In a non-crystalline |
| |solid the particles are arranged in a random fashion. |
|[pic] | |
|PARTICLES OF MATTER IN A GAS |THE PARTICLES OF MATTER IN GASES ARE MOVING AROUND VERY FAST. |
| |THEY HAVE SPREAD OUT EVEN FURTHER. |
1 USE THE FACTS IN THIS WORKSHEET TO HELP YOU COMPLETE THE FOLLOWING DIAGRAMS.
a There are some particles of matter drawn in each of the boxes below. Fill in some more particles of matter so that the diagrams are finished.
b Use the little boxes on the left to draw some arrows that show how much the particles are moving.
[pic] [pic]
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2 The arrows in the box below show how the particles move in solids, liquids and gases. Label the best-sized arrow for each of the states of matter.
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3 COMPLETE THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES.
a All matter is made up of ________________ according to the particle theory of matter.
b The particles of matter in a solid are very close together and are jiggling around. They do not move very far because they are ____________________________________.
c The particles of matter in a liquid have spread out from each other and so have room to move around a bit more. They are able to _______________________________.
d The particles of matter in gases are moving ________________________________. The particles have spread out even further.
Changes of state
Read the passage before and answer the questions which follow it.
|When we boil water in a beaker or flask, we see steam rising from the surface. This is because the boiling water gives off water vapour, which we call steam. The|
|water level in the beaker falls as more and more water changes into vapour. We say that the water is vapourising or evaporating. The water evaporates because it |
|takes in energy from the Bunsen Burner flame. |
|If we put a cool object, such as a clock glass in the steam, we see tiny drops of water forming on it. This happens because the water vapour cools when it touches|
|the cool surface of the clock glass. It then changes back into liquid water. This process is known as condensation. |
|If we make water cold enough it changes to ice which is the solid form of water. We say that the water freezes or solidifies. |
|If we heat ice, it changes back into water. This process is known as melting. |
|Most substances like water, can exist in three forms – a solid, a liquid and a gaseous form. These are call the THREE STATES OF MATTER. |
QUESTIONS
1. Alongside each phrase write one word which could be used in its place
a. Changes in vapour
b. Takes in
c. Changes back into
d. Changes back into liquid water
e. Can exist in
2. Define each of the terms below in a complete sentence
a. Evaporation
b. Condensation
c. Melting
d. Freezing
3. Complete these sentences them by writing one word in the boxes
When it is heated water
When water vapour condenses it forms
When water boils, it gives off
Condensation occurs when water and changes into a liquid
Is the process by which water liquid changes to water vapour
To condense water vapour we must it
When ice melts It into
When water liquid is it may solidify.
When water changes to ice, it is said to
To melt ice we need
Use the information from the passage to put one word on each arrow and in each box so that your two diagrams summarises everything in the passage
Diagram one
HEAT
Looking at matter
• Circle the solid in each group under the heading Item.
• Circle the words in the list under the heading Properties that best describe each solid.
|Item |Properties |
|Butter, eye drops, toothpaste |hard/soft smooth/rough heavy/light |
| |shiny/dull transparent/opaque |
| |bends easily/rigid |
|Coca-Cola, custard, chocolate |hard/soft smooth/rough heavy/light |
| |shiny/dull transparent/opaque |
| |bends easily/rigid |
|Shaving cream, hair, kerosene |hard/soft smooth/rough heavy/light |
| |shiny/dull transparent/opaque |
| |bends easily/rigid |
|Yoghurt, ice, orange juice |hard/soft smooth/rough heavy/light |
| |shiny/dull transparent/opaque |
| |bends easily/rigid |
|Feather, Vegemite, beer |hard/soft smooth/rough heavy/light |
| |shiny/dull transparent/opaque |
| |bends easily/rigid |
|A cracked raw egg, hair conditioner, |hard/soft smooth/rough heavy/light |
|finger nail |shiny/dull ansparent/opaque |
| |bends easily/rigid |
|Paper, sunscreen lotion, |hard/soft smooth/rough heavy/light |
|chocolate mousse |shiny/dull transparent/opaque |
| |bends easily/rigid |
|Mayonnaise, sauce, sausage |hard/soft smooth/rough heavy/light |
| |shiny/dull transparent/opaque |
| |bends easily/rigid |
|Petroleum jelly, beaker, |hard/soft smooth/rough heavy/light |
|methylated spirits |shiny/dull transparent/opaque |
| |bends easily/rigid |
|Peanut butter, milk, salt |hard/soft smooth/rough heavy/light |
| |shiny/dull transparent/opaque |
| |bends easily/rigid |
Top of Form
Bottom of Form
STATES OF MATTER
Read each question and circle the letter of the best answer.
NOTE: Some questions may have more than one "correct" answer - think carefully about what you have read, and choose the most complete one.
1. What are the three states of matter?
A) Massachusetts, Connecticut & Vermont B) Solid, Liquid & Gas C) Left, Right & Center D) A, B & C.
2. In which state of matter are the particles packed closely together & cannot move around?
A) Solid B) Liquid C) Gas D) A, B & C.
3. In which state of matter are the particles far apart & moving at high speed?
A) Solid B) Liquid C) Gas D) A, B & C.
4. In which state of matter do the particles stick together in bundles & slide past each other?
A) Solid B) Liquid C) Gas D) A, B & C.
5. What is Plasma?
A) The fourth state of matter. B) It is made up of particles of split atoms, called ions & electrons C) It is rarely seen. D) A, B & C.
6. Which state of matter takes on the shape of its container?
A) Gas B) Solid C) Liquid D) A & C.
7. What states of matter are present on your bicycle?
A) Gas - air in the tires. B) Solid - the frame. C) Liquid - the oil on the chain. D) A, B & C.
8. Why do the states of matter behave the way they do?
A) They were taught well. B) The particles that make them up move in different ways. C) No-one knows. D) A, B & C.
9. What is a liquid's "viscosity"?
A) Its transparency B) A measure of how fast or slowly it flows. C) A bitter taste. D) A, B & C.
10. Which state of matter does not have a fixed volume?
A) Gas B) Solid C) Liquid D) A & C.
What more can you say about MATTER now?________________________________________________________________________________
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Matter – Particle Theory Worksheet
|Attraction of Particles |Particles weakly attracted to |Particles strongly attracted to|Almost no attraction between |
| |one another. |one another. |particles. |
|Movement of Particles |Unlimited movement of |Limited movement, particles can|Vibrate, but don't move out of |
| |particles. |roll over each other. |position. |
|Distance Between Particles. |Some space between particles. |Lots of space between |Almost no space between |
| | |particles. |particles. |
Task: colour the pictures of solids red, the liquids blue and the gases green.
Colour the descriptions of the particles and their behaviours matching them to the appropriate colours of solids, liquids and gases.
Matter Acrostic Poem
|An acrostic poem is one where you choose a word or name and use each letter in the name as the beginning of a word or line that tells something about that person or |
|topic. |
|Example: An acrostic poem using the word "Sun." |
|Sometimes when we go to the beach, I will get sun burn. |
|Usually if I put Sun block on my skin I will not burn. |
|Noon is when I'm really prone to burning. |
Write an Acrostic Poem using the word below.
M
A
T
T
E
R
Materials, properties and their uses
Rule a line to match each statement with the correct term. (Start the lines from the dots.) The letters that the lines pass through give the missing word at the bottom of the page.
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Scientists have discovered and developed materials with desired characteristics or
1___ 2 ___ 3 ___ 4 ___ 5 ___ 6 ___ 7 ___ 8 ___ 9 ___ 10 ___
|[pic] |Bank On It! Worksheet |
| |Diffusion |
|Work Bank |
|equally Stirring spreads diffusion particles moving squeezed collide closed gradually fewer |
|continue distributed |
Many substances mix together without any__________ or shaking. For example, if someone opens a bottle of perfume in one corner of the room, you are soon aware of it on the other side. The fragrance __________in all directions. This gradual mix of substances is called _____________.
Scientists believe that the tiny ____________of perfume are continually __________about and bumping into each other. Whilst the bottle is___________, the particles remain together inside. They __________with other particles and are bounced around in all directions.
When the bottle is opened, the particles ________spread out, moving away from the crowed bottle, to spaces where there are ___________ particles. If the bottle were left open, this process would until the particles of the perfume were __________
______________throughout the air in the room
[pic]
,
Looking at matter
1 In each row of the table below, put a tick in the column which correctly completes each of the sentences.
|A solid |A liquid |A gas | |
| | | |has a particular shape |
| | | |takes the shape of the container it’s in |
| | | |has particles that move about |
| | | |takes up space |
| | | |has a definite volume |
| | | |cannot be compressed |
| | | |has no particular shape |
2 This diagram shows what is known as the water cycle. It shows how water is transformed from liquid to vapour by the sun’s rays, only to fall as rain somewhere else. From the list of words given, fit as many as possible onto the diagram.
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3 Look at the diagrams below.
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a In which substance will the particles move around the most? ___________________
b Which substance will be easiest to push into a different shape? ___________________
c Which substance will contain particles that stay in place on a flat surface? ___________________
d In 1888, John Dunlop invented the pneumatic (air-filled) tyre, which soon replaced the solid tyre and made riding bicycles a lot more comfortable. From the above three diagrams, which substance replaced which?
Original substance ___________________ New substance ___________________
[pic]Matter Cryptogram Worksheet
Directions: Unscramble the words by placing the correct letter in the shaded boxes. Use the numbered boxes to complete the answer to the riddle.
RIDDLE: Happens when something cools.
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ANSWER: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
STATES OF MATTER
1. Read the article below on the States of Matter and answer the questions following it:
States of Matter; three forms in which matter occurs—solid, liquid, and gas. Plasma, a collection of particles containing nearly equal numbers of negative and positive charges, is sometimes called the fourth state of matter. Solid matter doesn’t like changing its shape due to strong forces between its particles. In liquid form, matter does not resist changing shape, because the particles are free to move with respect to each other. However, liquids don’t easily change their volume. Gases, in which particles are widely spread and move freely, offer no resistance to change of shape and little resistance to change of volume. As a result, a gas that is not confined tends to spread out (diffuse), increasing in volume.
Most substances are solid at low temperatures, liquid at medium temperatures, and gaseous at high temperatures, but the states are not always distinct. The temperature at which any given substance changes from solid to liquid is its melting point, and the temperature at which it changes from liquid to gas is its boiling point. The range of melting and boiling points varies widely. Helium remains a gas down to -269° C, and tungsten remains a solid up to about 3370° C.
(a) What is often called “the fourth state of matter”? ______________________________________ (1)
(b) State one property that a solid has but a liquid hasn’t. __________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________ (1)
(c) What is the scientific term for the “spreading out” of a gas? ______________________________ (1)
(d) Write down the meaning of melting point. ___________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________ (1)
(e) What is the melting point of helium? ________________ (1)
2. Here is a table of densities of common substances: (Answer the questions below it.)
| Substance |Density (g/cm3) |Substance |Density (g/cm3) |Substance |Density (g/cm3) |
|balsa wood |0.2 |steel |7.8 |sea water |1.03 |
|oak |0.7 |copper |8.9 |glycerine |1.3 |
|butter |0.9 |lead |11 |helium |0.00018 |
|ice |0.92 |uranium |19 |nitrogen |0.00125 |
|dry sand |1.6 |petrol |0.8 |oxygen |0.00143 |
|concrete |2.4 |olive oil |0.9 |carbon dioxide |0.00198 |
|aluminium |2.7 |milk |1.03 |butane |0.00265 |
(a) Which substance in the table is the most dense? _______________________________________ (1)
(b) Which substance in the table is the least dense? _______________________________________ (1)
(c) Name a solid that would float in water. ______________________________ (1)
(d) Name a liquid that would float in water. ______________________________ (1)
(e) Name a gas which is heavier than air. ______________________________________________ (1)
Properties of matter
Activity
1. Draw pictures of some solids, liquids and gases in the spaces provided below.
Use labels to show why some states of matter
(i) can be more easily compressed
(ii) expand and contract with temperature change
(iii) conduct heat more easily.
| |Compression |Expansion and contraction |Conduction of heat |
|Solid | | | |
| | | | |
| | | | |
|Liquid | | | |
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| | | | |
|Gas | | | |
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| | | | |
2 Not all solids have exactly the same properties. For example, look at the table below, which describes some properties of common plastics.
|Name |Relative |Resistance |Resistance |Flexibility |Relative cost |
| |strength |to heat |to acid | | |
|Nylon |High |Good |Very good |High |Medium-high |
|Polystyrene |Medium |Good |Excellent |Low |Medium |
|Melamine |High |Excellent |Poor |Low |High |
|Polythene |Low |Poor |Fair |High |Low |
Select the best plastic for the following items.
a a supermarket carry bag ___________________
b a kitchen benchtop ___________________
c a fishing line ___________________
d a disposable coffee cup ___________________
e the case of an acid-filled battery ___________________
f a yoghurt container ___________________
3 Draw a line to match each of the following statements with its correct term. (Start the lines from the dots.) The letter that the line passes through gives the answer to the question at the bottom of the page.
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What is the process that causes water droplets to form on the outside of a cold can of soft drink?
1___ 2___ 3___ 4___ 5___ 6___ 7___ 8___ 9___ 10___ 11___ 12___
Crossword
Write clues for the completed crossword below. Copy the crossword, leaving the squares blank, and give it to a classmate with your clues. Can they fill it in using your clues? [pic]
Across
2__________________________________________________________________________________________
6__________________________________________________________________________________________
7__________________________________________________________________________________________
9__________________________________________________________________________________________
10_________________________________________________________________________________________
11_________________________________________________________________________________________
Down
1__________________________________________________________________________________________
3__________________________________________________________________________________________
4__________________________________________________________________________________________
5__________________________________________________________________________________________
8__________________________________________________________________________________________
Topic reflections
|What I liked about the topic: |
|What I didn't like about the topic: |
|What I could have done to improve my learning; |
|In lessons: |
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|For homework: |
|During the next topic, what I intend to do differently |
|During lessons: |
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|At home: |
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|What I would like the teacher to do more often is: |
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|What I would like the teacher to do differently is: |
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|Parent comment: |
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|Signature: |
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NAME_______________________________
HOME GROUP_________________________
TEACHER_____________________________
rain
evaporation
heat
cold
condensation
sun
wind
LIQUID
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NAME ____________________________________________
FORM_____________________________________________
TEACHER__________________________________________
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