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[pic] Sexually

female male Transmitted

Diseases

Sexually Transmitted Diseases: ________are communicable disease spread person-person via sex’l contact or intercourse; rates of STD’s are steadily ____________: nearly 3 million adolescents contract an STD each yr. 1 in 4 will become infxd before graduating high school. The only sure, ________ prevention is being sexually chaste & ______________________ ‘till marriage.

What are STD’s and how common are they?

Sexually transmitted diseases (STD’s) are more than ________diseases spread through the process of sexual contact. STD’s are very common, with over _______________________ people having chronic genital herpes and 4 million new _____________________ cases diagnosed every year.

Who is at risk of getting STD’s?

_______________who is sexually active can contract a sexually transmitted disease. STD’s infect men and women of all ages. It is important to note that women are at greater risk of contracting STD’s because of basic anatomy differences. ________________ are at the highest risk of getting an STD due to ____________________ behaviors.

I __________________________ caused by Neiseeria gonorrhoae, a bac that lives in the warm, moist areas of the body, primarily in the lining of the _______________ of the [pic] & cervix of the [pic] .

Symptoms: usually appear between 3 days – 3 weeks after infxn; symptoms may go away on their own, but the disease is still present in the body. Symptoms aren’t always obvious – particularly true in [pic]; in the [pic]symptoms may include a slight dis- charge during urination, abnormal period, abdominal cramps or tenderness. In the [pic] a _______________ discharge from the penis & burning during urination. Lymph nodes in the groin may become enlarged.

B. Diagnosis & Treatment: gon. can only be confirmed by a bac culture from the discharge from the penis or vagina; the PAP test is for cervical cancer NOT STD’s.

Most cases can be easily cured if detected early. Most antibiotics are effective; however, there’s a new gon strain that’s _________________to penicillin so different antibiotics must be used. The body ______________become immune to gon or others STD’s; one can be ________________ & a person can be infxd w/_________________ STD’s @ the same time. There is only one sure means of not getting an STD: abstinence ‘till marriage.

C. Problems w/untreated gon: if not diagnosed or untreated or treated, gon can enter the ___________________ & spread thru-out the body. It can then cause high To, sores, & painful joints; sometime the joints, heart valves, & nerves become infxd.

Untreated gon can cause__________________ in [pic] & [pic] . In pregnant[pic], gon can cause premature or _____________________ Children born to infxd mother’s can enter the baby’s eyes & cause blindness. Drs. treat all newborns w/eye drops as prevention.

II Syphilis: caused by spirochete bac treponema pallidum; it’s one of the most __________________of all STD’s; if left untreated, it can damage vital organs, such a the heart, liver, lungs, kidney, & _________ including the brain. It can cause heart disease, blindness, & ___________________.

A. Symptoms: develop in __________.

1. Primary Stage: 1st sign is a _______________a reddish sore @ the entry site of the m/o, usually the ________________, which appears 10-90 days after contact w/an infxd person.

It lasts 1-5 weeks & will go away, even if untreated. However, the disease is still developing.

[pic][pic][pic]

2. ___________________Stage: if not treated early, the pathogen will circulate in the blood; w/in 1-6 months, the highly contagious 2nd stage of syph will appear; symptoms include a non itching rash on the chest, back of arms & legs. [pic]

In[pic], a rash is found in the outer edges of the _________________. Sores may develop filled w/the m/o. There’s swelling in the lymph nodes under the arms & groin; fever, sore throat, & malaise are common. W/o treatment symptoms disappear but the disease continues.

3. Latent Stage: 3rd stage begins _____or> yrs after initial infxn. All signs have disappeared. It’s in this stage that syph begins to attack the ______________, bld vsls, &CNS; damage is slow & steady; people can relapse into the 2nd stage: _________will reappear. [pic]

4. Neurosyphilis: if untreated, syph moves into this final stage w/in _________________ yrs; symptoms involve the heart, skin, &CNS; a person losses mslr coordination, may become __________ &/or insane. At this stage, syph can be treated but ________cured.

B. Diagnosis & Treatment: test for syph is a blood test from bld or sores. Penicillin is the main drug used; however, no matter how effective the treatment, it can ________ undo damage already done. That’s why early treatment is crucial. There’s no _______________________to syph, so one can become reinfxd.

C. Congenital Syphilis: is when a mother passes it to her _________ in utero. There is an > chance of a miscarriage & 2X the chance of a ___________________ baby. If the baby is born w/the infxn, symptoms appear w/in 3-4 weeks. If diagnosed early enough, penicillin can protect the fetus.

III. Herpes Simplex_______: _____________ herpes. Caused by the virus HSV 2 (HSV 1 cause cold sores although both can cause either); the CDC has put out that herpes is at an epidemic level.

A. Symptoms: include painful, itching _________ in or around the genitals appearing 2-20 days after infxn. They may last _______________. Other symptoms include fever & burning during urination. W/friction & moisture, herpes can spread to other body parts; that’s why one is told not to run the infxd area & keep it dry.

B. Diagnosis & Treatment: lab test of the sore confirm HSV2; there is _____________, but medication to treat the symptoms. The virus remains ________________ (lysogenic) in the nerves & blisters can reoccur @anytime. __________ can bring on the blisters. It’s when there are blisters that HSV2 can be _____________________.

A _____________ woman can transmit to her unborn child which may cause death or deformity; if transmitted during delivery & untreated the child may be permanently damaged or _______. If the woman knows she is infxd, a “C” sxn is done.

[pic] [pic]

As displayed in this image, herpes outbreaks often consist This image displays blisters and swelling on the labia blisters closely spaced together, of and more redness due to the herpes simplex virus. than fluid, sometimes with subtle blistering

[pic]

[pic] buttocks [pic] vagina [pic] penis

[pic]

IV ____________________is caused by on of several chlamyda bac. C. trachomatis is found only in humans. It is the ___________ prevalent STD in the U.S.; it affects the vagina in [pic], & the _____________ in [pic] . [pic]

If not treated, serious damage can be done to the reprodxn organs. Chalamydia is a common cause of ___________________.

A.Symptoms: in [pic] pain & ________________ during urination & an unusual discharge from the penis, occurring 1-3 weeks after exposure; if untreated can cause ______________________.

In [pic] , [pic] ((______________); symptoms are not always obvious; they may include unusual vaginal discharge, pain in the pelvic area, & _________________ urination. If untreated it can cause Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (_______ , a painful infxn of the reprdxn organs. A ______________ woman can transmit it to her child during _______________ & in infants can cause eye infxn, ________________, & sometimes pneumonia.

Men and women can also get infected with chlamydia in their ________________, either by having receptive anal sex, or by spread from another infected site (such as the vagina). While these infections often cause no symptoms, they can cause

• ________________

• Discharge

• ________________

A.Treatment: certain __________________ can cure Chlamydia; however, if there’s scar tissue, the damage cannot be undone & chances of sterility will remain.

V. HPV: Human Papilloma virus, cause of genital warts. In females may lead to cervical cancer. Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is a group of more than 70 viruses that can cause warts. Genital warts (HPV’s) are sexually transmitted and effect the genitals and anal area of both men and women. Genital warts are also linked to cervical cancer in women, and anal cancer in men and women.

[pic] HPV

VI. Other STD’s: see h.o.

General Symptoms of STD’s

A. Males

• Difficult or ___________________

• _____________________

• Soreness w/in the penis

• Sores &/or itching in the genital area

• Flu-like symptoms

• Painless ____________ on hands, feet, or body

**** When any of these appear seek med’l attention!

B. Females

• abnormal ____________________

• Difficult/_____________________

• Warts, blisters, ____________, bumps, itching, or rashes in pubic area

• Abnormal _____________ from vagina

• Flu-like symptoms

• Cramps not associated w/menstruation

• Rash on hands, feet, or body

• ______________________________***

How can I protect myself?

• STD’s are transmitted by body fluids such as ____________, blood, and vaginal fluids.

• ______________________is the only way to be 100% safe from contracting STD’s. Otherwise, using condoms during EVERY sexual activity will reduce your chances of catching an STD.

• REMEMBER, ONLY __________________________ IS _________ EFFECTIVE IN PREVENTING SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES!

Diseases: AIDS

I._________: caused by the Human Immunodeficiency Virus: HIV. _______ stands for Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome. One does NOT die from HIV, but from other diseases b/c the virus destroys the _________________involved in fighting infxns.

HIV is a single stranded ____________virus & belongs to the retrovirus group. HIV infects helper T4 cells; the HIV readily multiply causing cell destruction & release of large numbers of virus

* First manifested in the ___________

In the early stages of the disease, there’s an ongoing battle between the T cells & virus, b/c infxd cells are destroyed & replaced by more T cells. At this stage a person is _____________________: i.e., does NOT have full blow AIDS or show symptoms. However, as time goes on, the # of viruses increases & it become more difficult for the immune system to replace the infxd T cells & they decrease in _______. W/o these T cells, secondary opportunistic infxns occur which will eventually kill the person b/c they have no defenses.

I. Structure of HIV: See handout on structure.

[pic]

III. Ineffectiveness & Pathogenicity:

A. The _______________spikes of the HIV enables the viruses to attach to the ______ cell’s receptor sites. Once the HIV attaches, it enters into the T4 cell. The viral RNA takes over the host DNA to make new viral parts. New viruses _______ from the host cell, causing cell death & releasing large #’s of new HIV which go & infect other T cells.

B. _________________HIV infxn: Asymptomatic In this stage the viral n.a. remains part of the host DNA & no new viruses are being formed; new HIV may also not leave the T cell but remain in _________________ in the cell. This is one reason HIV cannot stop progression of the infxn.

C.

[pic]

D. Types: there are ____ main types of HIV.

1. ___________ isolated in 1983, is the virus found in most of the world. It is the more virulent strain of the two.

2. ___________ was found in 1986 & is found mainly in ________________ (& rarely in the U.S.). The progression from infxn to AIDS is much longer w/HIV-2.

IV. Clinical characteristics: in gen’l a person w/AIDS will show one or more of the following:

- malaise (_________________________________________________)

- _____________

- shortness of breath

- diseased lymph nodes

- infxn by one or more _______________________

V. Specific AIDS related diseases see handout.

VI. Stages of HIV Infxn

A._____________________: may occur 3 – 8 weeks after infxn w/HIV; person develops a brief limited illness such as fever, sore throat, headache, & enlarged lymph nodes. This usually lasts ~ _________________. During this phase ________ levels of HIV’s are made & the 1st ab are released. People are highly ____________ at this stage b/c hi # of HIV’s present ________ to any ab’s produced & unknowingly transmit HIV to other people.

B. Asymptomatic Stage: after acute stage, the person goes into a long & variable stage w/no symptoms. _______ of people do not develop an acute stage & go directly into this stage; they feel fine, but still have a decrease in T cells & have ab to HIV. _________________ will develop symptoms w/in 10 yrs.

C. Early & Late HIV Symptoms: although feeling well, people in stage B T4 cells are decreasing in # - the body, therefore, can ______ longer defend itself against infxns from other pathogens.

D. ___________:in this stage infxns &/or cancers result from the severe destruction of the immune system. The person will eventually die from the infxns or cancer or both.

VII. ____________________________

- ____________contact (semen; oral, vaginal, anal)

- _______ drug use

- Blood

- Breast milk

- _________________________

__________! via insects, saliva, sneezes, etc.

There is a constant increase in #’s for male & females in the age group of 15-28 of becoming infxd w/HIV.

** _______________ people, who, although subjected to multiple HIV exposure, _____________ become infxd at all. Their T4 cells seem to be innately resistant to HIV. ______________ people infxd are ______able to replace their T4 cells; infants born to HIV+ mothers are not always infxd – only a minority are.

How do you ensure you will never catch HIV? ________________________ from sex means not participating in sex at all. Abstinence is the _________ way to ensure they you will never contract HIV. Condoms reduce the risk for HIV, but they ____________ eliminate the risks altogether.

What do you know about HIV antibody testing?

How HIV testing works:

All HIV tests look for HIV ______________________ HIV antibodies appear in the body anywhere from 2 to 12 weeks following transmission (this period of time is called the window period) If HIV antibodies are discovered, it is called being “________________” or “HIV positive.” If no HIV antibodies are found, it is called being “non-reactive” or “HIV negative.” All HIV positive results require a confirmatory blood test. HIV testing at MTA is free, painless and confidential.

***

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