O-Level Physics Formula Sheet - GCE Compilation

¡®O¡¯ Level Physics Formula Sheet

Measurements

Base SI Units

Kg

m

s

A

K

mol

Number Prefix

n (10-9)

? (10-6)

m (10-3)

c (10-2)

d (10-1)

K (103)

M (106)

SI Unit for mass: Kilogram

SI Unit for length: metre

SI Unit for time: second

SI Unit for current: Ampere

SI Unit for Temperature: Kelvin

SI Unit for Amount of substance: molar

nano

micro

milli

centi

deci

Kilo

Mega

Kinematics

Dynamics

Newton¡¯s Third Law

Resolving forces

Fhorizontal = Fr cos ?

Fvertical = Fr sin ?

A body continues to stay in its state

of rest or uniform motion in a

straight line as long as there is no

net force/moment acting on the

body.

The acceleration of an object is

directly proportional to the net force

acting on it and inversely

proportional to its mass.

For every force object A acts

on object B, object B will exert an

equal and opposite

force on object A giving rise to

Reaction/Normal Forces

Fr

Fvertical

?

Fhorizontal

Mass, Weight, Density

w = Weight

m = mass

g = gravitational field strength

¦Ñ = density

m = mass

V = volume

Weight

w = mg

Density

m

¦Ñ=

V

Turning effect of Force

Moment of Force

M=Fd

1

P = Pressure

F = Force over area, A

A = Area

P = Pressure

¦Ñ = density,

h = height of liquid column

g = gravitational field strength.

Energy, Work and Power

?d = total distance travelled (area under

speed-time graph)

?x = total displacement

Average Velocity ?t = total time taken

?v = change in velocity

v = ?x/?t

Velocity (slope of displacement-time graph)

Acceleration

Acceleration (slope of velocity-time graph)

a = ?v/?t

v = u + at

u = initial velocity

v = final velocity

x = ut + ? at2

t = time

v2 = u2 + 2ax

a = acceleration

x = displacement

h = height

vfree fall = ?2??

g = gravitational constant = 9.81 m/s2

Newton¡¯s Second Law

F= ma

Pressure

Pressure

F

?=

A

Pressure of liquid

column

P = h¦Ñg

Work Done

W = Fd

Average Speed

s = ?d / ?t

Newton¡¯s First Law

¡Æ ??= 0 at equilibrium

For a body in rotational

Principle of Moment

¦² Anticlockwise Moment equilibrium,

= ¦² Clockwise Moment Sum of ACW Moment = sum of

CW Moment

M = Moment

F = force

d = ¡Í distance from force to pivot

Power

P = W/t = Fv

Kinetic Energy

1

?? = mv 2

2

Gravitational Potential

Energy

Ep = mgh

Conservation of Energy

E1 = E2

W = work done

F= force

d= distance in direction of force

Work done per unit time, t

Ek = Kinetic Energy

m = mass

v = velocity

g = gravity =9.81 m/s

h = height

m = mass

E1 = Total Energy Before

E2 = Total Energy After

Energy cannot be created or

destroyed. It can only be

transformed or converted into other

forms.

Kinetic Model of Matter

Ideal Gas Law

PV ¡Þ T

P1V1 = P2V2

P = pressure of fixed mass of gas

V = volume occupies by fixed mass

of gas

T = Temperature of gas

Subscript 1 = initial state

Subscript 2 = final state

Thermal Properties of Matter

Specific Heat Capacity c = Specific heat capacity (Energy

required to raise the temperature of

E = m c ?T

1kg of the object by 1 ¡ãC)

m = mass

?T = change in temperature.

Lfusion = latent heat of fusion (Energy

Latent Heat

required to change 1kg of solid to

For melting,

liquid at the constant temp)

E = m Lfusion

Lvaporization = latent heat of

vaporization (Energy required to

For boiling,

change 1kg of liquid to gas at the

E = m Lvaporization

constant temp)

m = mass

General Wave Properties

Wave Velocity

v=f¦Ë

Wave frequency

1

f=

T

v = velocity of a wave

f = frequency

¦Ë = wavelength

T = Period

f = frequency

¡®O¡¯ Level Physics Formula Sheet

Light

Practical Electricity

Law of Reflection

?i = ?r

Normal

Electric Power

?i

2

P = VI = V2/R = I R

?i = angle of incidence

?r= angle of reflection

Snell¡¯s Law (refraction)

Normal

n1Sin ?i = n2Sin ?r

?i

?i = angle of incidence

?r = angle of refraction

Critical angle

?r

Electrical Energy

E = Pt = (VI)t

n1 = refractive index 1

Electromagnetism

?r

n2 = refractive index 2

Normal

n2

sin ?? =

n1

?c

(special case of Snell¡¯s

law where ?r = 90¡ã)

n1 = refractive index 1

(n of air ¡Ö 1)

Magnification

hi

di

?=

=

ho do

Transformer

Vp Np

=

Vs Ns

(ideal transformer)

VPIP = VsIs

Right hand grip

n2 = refractive index 2

c = speed of light in vacuum.

v = speed of light in medium

Higher reflective index of a

medium means light travel slower

in the medium

M = magnification

h = height

d = distance from lens

Subscript i = image

Subscript o = object

Refractive Index

c

?=

v

Fleming¡¯s Right Hand

Rule

Current of Electricity

Current = rate of flow of charges

Q = Charge

t=time

V = voltage,

R = resistance

I = current

¦Ñ = resistivity

L = length of wire

A = cross sectional area

Current

I = Q / ?t

Ohm¡¯s Law

Resistance

R=V/I

Resistance of a wire

R = ¦ÑL/A

D.C. Circuits

Kirchoff¡¯s 1st Law

? Iin = ? Iout

Kirchoff¡¯s 2nd Law

? V = E. M. F

Conservation of charges.

¡Æ Iin = Sum of current going into a

junction

¡Æ Iout = Sum of current going out

of a junction

¡Æ V = Sum of potential difference V

across all components in a circuit

E.M.F = Voltage supplied by the

power supply.

Resistance in Series

Rtotal = R1 + R2 + R3

Resistance in Parallel

1

1

1

1

=

+

+

R total R1 R 2 R 3

2

I

R1

P = Power

V = voltage

R = resistance

I = current

E = energy output

P = power

t = time

V = voltage

I = current

R2

V

R1

R2

R3

R3

Fleming¡¯s Left Hand

Rule

V = voltage

N = number of coils

I = current

Subscript p = primary coil

Subscript s = secondary coil

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