Liste des catégories
Liste des catégories
|Abbreviation |
|GENERAL |English : |French : |
|Morpho-syntax |TERM: Abbreviation |DEF: Mode de réduction des|
|DEF: A shortened or contracted form of a | |mots savants (techn., sc.,|
|word or phrase used in place of the whole | |admin.) passés dans la |
|( | |lang. commune, fam. ou |
|english/definition.a| |pop. : On emploie |
|sp?en=Abbreviation+ ) | |d'ordinaire ce terme pour |
|DEF: A designation formed by omitting | |désigner une réduction |
|words or letters from a longer form and | |graphique (ainsi etc. pour|
|designating the same concept. | |et caetera), en réservant |
|( ISO12620A-020108 Sue Ellen Wright ) | |le terme d'abrégement à ce|
| | |qui est une réduction |
| | |réelle, ... MAR. Lex. |
| | |1961, p. 12. |
| | |( atilf.fr ABREVIATION|
| | |I.B Ling ) |
| | |TERM: Abréviation |
|Abessive case | | |
|GENERAL |English : |Finnish : |
|Morpho-syntax |DEF: Carries the basic meaning of |EXPL: In Finnish it is a |
| |"without" |rarely used case, |
| |( wiki/Abessive_case |especially in spoken |
| |) |language, but it is found |
| |TERM: Abessive case |in some commonly used |
| | |expressions. Compare whith|
| | |the Essive and the |
| | |Inessive cases. |
|Ablative case | | |
|GENERAL |English : |French : |
|Morpho-syntax |DEF: A locative grammatical case which |DEF: Cas de la déclinaison|
|DEF: The case used to indicate some |carries the basic meaning of "from off |lat. réservé |
|adverbial function for a noun, usually |of". |principalement au compl. |
|translated into English with a |EXPL: Ablative is one of the six |circ. Il marque le point |
|preposition. |locative cases which as their basic |de départ, l'éloignement, |
|( |meaning correspond to locational |la séparation. |
|southwestern.edu/~carlg/Latin_Web/glos|prepositions in English. |( atilf.fr ABLATIF ) |
|sary.html ) |EX: By the window, in the doghouse |TERM: Ablatif |
| |TERM: Ablative case | |
|Absolutive case | | |
|GENERAL |English : |Basque : |
|Morpho-syntax |EXPL: Absolutive case is typical for |EX: Gizona etorri da. "The|
|DEF: Marks the subject of an intransitive |ergative languages |man has arrived." Gizonak |
|verb and object of transitive verb |TERM: Absolutive case |mutila ikusi du. "The man |
|( wiki/Absolutive_case )| |saw the boy." In Basque, |
| | |gizon is "man", mutil is |
| | |"boy", and a suffix -a is |
| | |"the". Notice that gizon |
| | |is different depending on |
| | |whether it is the subject |
| | |of a transitive or |
| | |intransitive verb The |
| | |first form is the |
| | |absolutive case and the |
| | |second form is the |
| | |ergative case |
|Accusative case | | |
|GENERAL |English : |French : |
|Morpho-syntax |EX: She threw the ball, They ate my |DEF: Cas de la déclinaison|
|DEF: The case used to indicate direct |lunch |auquel se mettent |
|object, place to or toward which, or |TERM: Accusative case |généralement les |
|extent of space and time. | |compléments d'objet, de |
|( | |direction, de but, de |
|southwestern.edu/~carlg/Latin_Web/glos| |durée, etc., et certains |
|sary.html ) | |compléments |
| | |prépositionnels. |
| | |( atilf.inalf.fr Tlfi,|
| | |ACCUSATIF, I.Gramm. ) |
| | |TERM: Accusatif |
|Active voice | | |
|GENERAL |English : |French : |
|Morpho-syntax |EX: She threw the ball, They ate my |DEF: L'ensemble des formes|
|DEF: A verb voice, in which the subject |lunch |d'un verbe qui indiquent |
|performs the action of the verb i.e., the |TERM: Active voice |que l'action est faite et |
|subject is agent" | |non supportée par le |
| | |sujet. |
| | |( zeus.inalf.fr ACTIF ) |
| | |TERM: Actif |
|Adessive case | | |
|GENERAL |English : |Hungarian : |
|Morpho-syntax |DEF: A locative grammatical case which |EX: "asztalon" - "on |
| |carries the basic meaning of "on". |table"; In Hungarian |
| |( wiki/Adessive_case |suffix "on/en" is used for|
| |) |adessive. |
| |EXPL: Adessive is one of the six | |
| |locative cases which as their basic | |
| |meaning correspond to locational | |
| |prepositions in English. | |
| |TERM: Adessive case | |
|Adjective | | |
|GENERAL |English : |French : |
|Morpho-syntax |DEF: A word used to describe, or limit |DEF: Qui se joint aux noms|
|DEF: -Partie du discours, variable en |the meaning of, a noun. Adjectives have|pour les qualifier ou les |
|genre et en nombre, se rapportant dans la |three variables in Latin: number, |modifier. |
|phrase au substantif. - Mot appartenant à |gender, and case. They agree with nouns|( zeus.inalf.fr ADJECTIF )|
|cette partie du discours : 1. L'adjectif |according to these variables. | |
|est un mot qui donne une qualification au |( |TERM: Adjectif |
|substantif; il en désigne la qualité ou |southwestern.edu/~carlg/Latin_Web/g| |
|manière d'être. Or comme toute qualité |lossary.html ) | |
|suppose la substance dont elle est |EXPL: "Agent" comes from the Latin verb| |
|qualité, il est évident que tout adjectif |ago, agere, egi, actus, which can mean | |
|suppose un substantif : car il faut être, |to do or perform | |
|pour être tel. C.-C. DU MARSAIS, Gramm. |EX: A big horse | |
|1789. 2. L'Adjectif ne désigne ni un être |TERM: Adjective | |
|physique, ni un être métaphysique; il | | |
|exprime seulement la qualité ou la manière| | |
|d'être du substantif. GIR. 1834, p. 239. | | |
|3. L'un des éléments les plus essentiels | | |
|du discours (...). On appelle (...) ce mot| | |
|adjectif, non pas seulement (...), parce | | |
|qu'il s'ajoute toujours aux substantifs, | | |
|mais aussi parce qu'il ajoute à ces | | |
|substantifs l'idée des qualités ou des | | |
|manières d'être sous lesquelles ils sont | | |
|considérés. BESCH. 1845. 4. Nom que l'on | | |
|joint à un substantif pour le qualifier ou| | |
|le déterminer. LITTRÉ. 5. L'adjectif est | | |
|un mot que l'on ajoute au nom pour | | |
|exprimer les qualités, les diverses | | |
|manières d'être des personnes ou des | | |
|choses désignées par ce nom. NOËL-CHAPSAL,| | |
|1889, p. 91. 6. Les mots pleins exprimant | | |
|les attributs abstraits des substances | | |
|sont appelés adjectifs. TESN. 1959, p. 62.| | |
| | | |
|( atilf.fr ADJECTIF GRAMMAIRE ) | | |
|Adposition | | |
|GENERAL |English : | |
|Morpho-syntax |EX: He promised to help with whatever | |
|DEF: An adposition is a cover term for |was the matter. | |
|prepositions and postpositions. It is a |TERM: Adposition | |
|member of a closed set of items that - | | |
|occur before or after a complement | | |
|composed of a noun phrase, noun, pronoun, | | |
|or clause that functions as a noun phrase,| | |
|and - form a single structure with the | | |
|complement to express its grammatical and | | |
|semantic relation to another unit within a| | |
|clause. | | |
|( | | |
|linguistics/GlossaryOfLinguist| | |
|icTerms/WhatIsAnAdposition.htm ) | | |
|Adverb | | |
|GENERAL |English : |French : |
|Morpho-syntax |EX: She threw the ball far, She threw |DEF: Partie du discours |
|DEF: A word used to describe a verb, |the ball very far, An extremely big |neutre et invariable qui |
|adjective, or another adverb |horse |peut être rapportée à un |
|( |TERM: Adverb |verbe, à un adjectif, à |
|southwestern.edu/~carlg/Latin_Web/glos| |une préposition ou à un |
|sary.html ) | |autre adverbe, |
| | |c'est-à-dire à toute |
| | |partie du discours autre |
| | |que l'article et les |
| | |déterminatifs |
| | |(fr.encyclopedia.|
| | |) |
| | |TERM: Adverbe |
|Affix | | |
|GENERAL |English : |French : |
|Morpho-syntax |TERM: Affix |DEF: élément lexical qui |
|DEF: An affix is joined by derivation or | |s'ajoute à un mot ou à un |
|inflection. | |radical pour en modifier |
|( | |le sens ou la fonction, |
|linguistics/GlossaryOfLinguist| |appelé préfixe, infixe ou |
|icTerms/WhatIsAnAffixLinguistics.htm ) | |suffixe selon qu'il est |
|DEF: A letter or group of letters which | |placé au début, à |
|are added to the beginning or end of a | |l'intérieur ou à la fin du|
|word to make a new word. | |mot. |
|( Sue Ellen Wright ) | |( atilf.inalf.fr Tlfi,|
| | |AFFIXE, B. Linguistique, 1|
| | |) |
| | |TERM: Affixe |
|Allative case | | |
|GENERAL |English : |Hungarian : |
|Morpho-syntax |DEF: A locative grammatical case which |EX: "asztalra" - "onto |
| |carries the basic meaning of "onto". |table" In Hungarian suffix|
| |( wiki/Allative_case |"ra/re" is used for |
| |) |adessive. |
| |EXPL: Allative is one of the six | |
| |locative cases which as their basic | |
| |meaning correspond to locational | |
| |prepositions in English. | |
| |TERM: Allative case | |
|Allomorph | | |
|GENERAL |English : |French : |
|Morpho-syntax |EX: [-s] as in [hQts] 'hats' |DEF: Variable combinatoire|
|DEF: An allomorph is one of two or more |TERM: Allomorph |du morphème, il arrive |
|complementary morphs which manifest a | |souvent qu'un morphème |
|morpheme in its different phonological or | |spécifique soit représenté|
|morphological environments. | |par des morphes différents|
|( | |dans des environnements |
|linguistics/GlossaryOfLinguist| |différents. Ces diverses |
|icTerms/WhatIsAnAllomorph.htm ) | |représentations |
| | |s'appellent des |
| | |allomorphes. Ainsi,en |
| | |anglais, le morphème de |
| | |pluriel qu'on peut |
| | |désigner par (s) est |
| | |régulièrement représenté |
| | |par les allomorphes [s], |
| | |[z] et [iz] » (J. LYONS, |
| | |Linguistique générale, |
| | |trad. de F. |
| | |Dubois-Charlier et D. |
| | |Robinson, Paris, Lar., |
| | |1970, p. 142) |
| | |TERM: Allomorphe |
|Anaphora | | |
|GENERAL |English : |French : |
|Morpho-syntax |EX: A well-dressed man was speaking; he|DEF: Procédé consistant à |
|DEF: Anaphora is coreference of one |had a foreign accent |rappeler un mot ou groupe |
|expression with its antecedent. The |TERM: Anaphora |de mots précédemment |
|antecedent provides the information | |énoncé par un terme |
|necessary for the expression's | |grammatical. |
|interpretation.This is often understood as| |( atilf.inalf.fr Tlfi,|
|an expression "referring" back to the | |ANAPHORE, A.2. Gramm.) ) |
|antecedent. | |TERM: Anaphore |
|( | | |
|linguistics/GlossaryOfLinguist| | |
|icTerms/WhatIsAnaphora.htm ) | | |
|Antecedent | | |
|GENERAL |English : |French : |
|Morpho-syntax |EXPL: "Antecedent" comes from two Latin|DEF: Terme destiné à |
|DEF: The noun for which a pronoun stands. |word: ante and the verb cado, cadere, |préparer grammaticalement |
|( |cecidi, casus. It literally means to |l'énoncé d'un autre terme,|
|southwestern.edu/~carlg/Latin_Web/glos|fall before |dit conséquent : tel est |
|sary.html ) |EX: X is here, I see him |antécédent de que dans : |
| |TERM: Antecedent |tel que vous me voyez. |
| | |( MAR. Lex. 1951 |
| | |atilf.fr ANTECEDENT |
| | |1.GRAMMAIRE ) |
| | |TERM: Antecedent |
|Aorist | | |
|GENERAL |English : |French : |
|Morpho-syntax |DEF: A tense of the verb in classical |DEF: Temps de la |
|DEF: The aorist is a simple past tense |Greek and in certain other inflected |conjugaison grecque |
|that is predominantly used for narration. |languages, indicating past action |correspondant |
|Both the perfective and the imperfective |without reference to whether the action|approximativement au passé|
|forms can be used in the aorist without |involved was momentary or continuous |simple et au passé |
|any restrictions. |( |antérieur français |
|( |english/definitio|( atilf.atilf.fr AORISTE )|
|helsinki.fi/~bontchev/grammar/index.ht|n.asp?en=aorist ) | |
|ml ) |EX: Yesterday I came (perfective) home |TERM: Aoriste |
| |about 3 o'clock in the afternoon. I was| |
| |very tired and lied down (perfective) | |
| |for a nap. I slept (imperfective) until| |
| |5 o'clock, after that I read | |
| |(imperfective) a bit, I wrote | |
| |(perfective) one letter, ate | |
| |(imperfective) supper, and watched | |
| |(imperfective) TV. I phoned | |
| |(perfective) Elitza and spoke | |
| |(imperfective) with her about an hour | |
| |TERM: Aorist | |
|Argument | | |
|GENERAL |English : |French : |
|Morpho-syntax |TERM: Argument |TERM: Argument |
|DEF: Que ce soit au niveau de | | |
|l?argument-sujet ou de l?argument-objet, | | |
|l?impact sur le concept grammatical de | | |
|cause est doublement parlant. D?une part, | | |
|la concordance des propriétés syntaxiques | | |
|et sémantiques de l?argument-sujet peuvent| | |
|amener à formuler certaines conclusions | | |
|sur le caractère « involontaire » ou « | | |
|indirect » de la notion de cause. D?autre | | |
|part, la nature lexico-syntaxique de | | |
|l?argument-objet confirme le lien étroit | | |
|de la causation avec la notion de | | |
|changement considérée comme un « invariant| | |
|cognitif » que les prédications d?état et | | |
|d?événement comportent dans leurs | | |
|significations. | | |
|( mshs.univ-poitiers.fr ) | | |
|Article | | |
|GENERAL |English : |French : |
|Morpho-syntax |TERM: Article |DEF: Mot qui, dans |
|DEF: An article is a member of a small | |certaines langues, précède|
|class of determiners that identify a | |le substantif pour |
|noun's - definite or indefinite reference,| |indiquer sa valeur |
|and - new or given status. | |"définie, indéfinie" |
|( | |( atilf.fr ARTICLE ) |
|linguistics/GlossaryOfLinguist| |TERM: Article |
|icTerms/WhatIsAnArticle.htm ) | | |
|Aspect | | |
|GENERAL |English : |French : |
|Morpho-syntax |EX: I'll phone my mother tomorrow. (The|TERM: Aspect |
|DEF: The aspect of the verb is a way of |event is planed as a single completed | |
|looking at the action. There are two |action.) From now on every week I'll | |
|aspects of the verb in Bulgarian "and in |phone my mother. (The action is | |
|the other Slavic languages" |intended to be completed successfully | |
| |and repeated more than once.) Tomorrow | |
| |afternoon I'll be preparing myself for | |
| |the English language test. (The action | |
| |will be in progress by tomorrow | |
| |afternoon.) | |
| |TERM: Aspect | |
|Attributive adjective | | |
|GENERAL |English : |French : |
|Morpho-syntax |DEF: (of an adjective or adjectival |DEF: Fonction d'un terme |
|GENERIC CONCEPT : Grammatical function |phrase) modifying a noun and |(adjectif ou équivalent |
|DEF: An Attributive Adjective comes before|constituting part of the same noun |d'adjectif, adverbe, |
|a Noun and not after a Copula Verb, like |phrase, in English normally preceding |locution, etc.) ou d'un |
|BE, SEEM, etc. |the noun, as black in Fido is a black |membre de phrase |
|( |dog (as opposed to Fido is black) |(proposition relative ou |
|glossary/attributive-|( |comparative) quand ils |
|adjective.html ) |english/definitio|sont constituants du |
| |n.asp?en=attributive+adjective ) |groupe nominal (p. oppos. |
| |TERM: Attributive adjective |à la fonction attribut ou |
| | |prédicative composante du |
| | |groupe verbal). |
| | |( atilf.inalf.fr |
| | |EPITHETE Gramm. ) |
| | |TERM: Epithete |
|Auxiliary | | |
|GENERAL |English : |French : |
|Morpho-syntax |EX: Be |DEF: Verbe qui perdant |
|VALUE :Be |TERM: Auxiliary |tout ou partie de sa |
|VALUE :Have | |signification sert à |
| | |former les temps composés |
| | |des autres verbes |
| | |auxiliaire de temps" |
| | |( atilf.fr AUXILIAIRE ) |
| | |TERM: Auxiliaire |
|Base | | |
|GENERAL |English : |French : |
|Morpho-syntax |TERM: Base |DEF: Ensemble constitué |
| | |par le radical et, |
| | |éventuellement, les |
| | |affixes, auquel viennent |
| | |s'ajouter les éléments de |
| | |flexion. La base du |
| | |génitif latin " genitoris |
| | |", " du père ", est " |
| | |genitor- ". Base verbale, |
| | |forme prise par le radical|
| | |du verbe au cours de la |
| | |conjugaison. Le verbe |
| | |craindre a trois bases. |
| | |( zeus.inalf.fr Base ) |
| | |TERM: Base |
|Be | | |
|GENERAL |English : |French : |
|Morpho-syntax |EX: I am happy |DEF: Verbe intransitif. |
|DEF: Used as a linking verb between the |TERM: Be |( atilf.inalf.fr-> |
|subject of a sentence and its noun or | |Tlfi, 3.ETRE ) |
|adjective complement or complementing | |TERM: Etre |
|phrase. | | |
|( | | |
|english/definition.a| | |
|sp?en=be -> 4) ) | | |
|Cardinal numeral | | |
|GENERAL |English : |French : |
|Morpho-syntax |TERM: Cardinal numeral |DEF: On appelle adjectifs |
|GENERIC CONCEPT : Numeral | |numéraux cardinaux, ou |
|DEF: A cardinal numeral is a numeral of | |noms de nombres cardinaux,|
|the class whose members : - are considered| |les adjectifs ou noms |
|basic in form - are used in counting, and | |exprimant la quantité, le |
|- are used in expressing how many objects | |nombre précis (un, vingt, |
|are referred to. | |cent, mille, etc.), par |
|( | |opposition à ceux qui |
|linguistics/GlossaryOfLinguist| |expriment l'ordre, le rang|
|icTerms/WhatIsACardinalNumeral.htm ) | |(ordinaux), la |
| | |distribution en plusieurs |
| | |catégories |
| | |(distributifs)`` (Ling. |
| | |1972) |
| | |( atilf.fr 1.CARDINAL |
| | |C.1.a ) |
| | |TERM: Cardinal |
|Case | | |
|GENERAL |English : |French : |
|Morpho-syntax |DEF: A form of a noun "and any agreeing|DEF: Chacune des formes, |
|VALUE :Ablative case |adjective" |dont l'ensemble constitue |
|VALUE :Accusative case |VALUE :Abessive case |la déclinaison, que prend |
|VALUE :Dative case |VALUE :Adessive case |un substantif, un adjectif|
|VALUE :Ergative case |VALUE :Allative case |ou un pronom, modifié par |
|VALUE :Locative case |VALUE :Absolutive case |une désinence, selon la |
|VALUE :Nominative case |VALUE :Elative case |fonction qu'il occupe dans|
|VALUE :Vocative case |VALUE :Illative case |la phrase. Les six cas du |
|VALUE :Genitive case |VALUE :Inessive case |latin; accorder un mot en |
|VALUE :Abessive case |TERM: Case |genre, en nombre et en |
|VALUE :Adessive case | |cas. Le zend, avec ses |
|VALUE :Allative case | |mots longs et compliqués, |
|VALUE :Absolutive case | |son manque de prépositions|
|VALUE :Elative case | |et sa manière d'y suppléer|
|VALUE :Illative case | |au moyen de cas formés par|
|VALUE :Inessive case | |flexion |
| | |( RENAN, L'Avenir de la |
| | |sc., 1890, p. 206 ) |
| | |TERM: Cas |
|Cataphora | | |
|GENERAL |English : |French : |
|Morpho-syntax |DEF: The use of a word such as a |TERM: Cataphore |
|DEF: Cataphora is the coreference of one |pronoun that has the same reference as | |
|expression with another expression which |a word used subsequently in the same | |
|follows it. The following expression |discourse. | |
|provides the information necessary for |( | |
|interpretation of the preceding one. This |english/definitio| |
|is often understood as an expression |n.asp?en=cataphora ) | |
|"referring" forward to another expression.|EX: If you need one, there's a towel in| |
| |the top drawer | |
|( |TERM: Cataphora | |
|linguistics/GlossaryOfLinguist| | |
|icTerms/WhatIsCataphora.htm ) | | |
|Comitative | | |
|GENERAL |English : |Finnish : |
|Morpho-syntax |DEF: Used where English would use "in |EXPL: Found in Finnish, |
| |company with" or "together with". |Hungarian and Estonian |
| |( | |
| |wiki/Comitative_case | |
| |) | |
| |EX: A baràtommal mentem. The | |
| |friend-my-with went-I 'I went with my | |
| |friend.' In Hungarian the suffix used | |
| |is val/vel | |
| |TERM: Comitative | |
|Complement | | |
|GENERAL |English : |French : |
|Morpho-syntax |TERM: Complement |DEF: Mot ou groupe de mots|
|DEF: - A noun phrase that follows a copula| |de nature substantivale |
|or similar verb, as for example an idiot | |mis en relation de |
|in the sentence He is an idiot. - A clause| |subordination immédiate |
|that serves as the subject or direct | |avec une unité signifiante|
|object of a verb or the direct object of a| |pour en compléter ou en |
|preposition, as for example that he would | |préciser le sens. |
|be early in the sentence I hoped that he | |( atilf.inalf.fr Tlfi,|
|would be early. | |COMPLEMENT, C.1, Gramm. ) |
|( | |TERM: Complement |
|english/definition.a| | |
|sp?en=complement ) | | |
|Conditional | | |
|GENERAL |English : |French : |
|Morpho-syntax |DEF: A conditional relation is a |DEF: Proposition |
|DEF: (of a clause, conjunction, form of a |logical relation in which the |introduite le plus souvent|
|verb, or whole sentence) expressing a |illocutionary act employing one of a |par la conjonction si, |
|condition on which something else is |pair of propositions is expressed or |mais aussi par au cas où, |
|contingent. |implied to be true or in force if the |à (la) condition que, |
|( |other proposition is true. |pourvu que ou simplement |
|english/definition.a|( |coordonnée ou juxtaposée à|
|sp?en=conditional ) |linguistics/GlossaryOfLingu|la proposition principale,|
| |isticTerms/WhatIsAConditionalRelation.h|exprimant généralement une|
| |tm ) |condition, une |
| |EX: If you give her the ring, then you |supposition, une |
| |are married to her.I hereby pronounce |éventualité qui détermine |
| |you married.Are you married to her?Do |la réalisation du procès |
| |marry her.If only you would marry her! |exprimé par la principale.|
| |TERM: Conditional |La proposition |
| | |conditionnelle est souvent|
| | |introduite par le simple «|
| | |que » |
| | |( atilf.fe |
| | |CONDITIONNEL I.B. ) |
| | |TERM: Coditionnel |
|Conjugation | | |
|GENERAL |English : |French : |
|Morpho-syntax |TERM: Conjugation |DEF: Ensemble des formes, |
|DEF: A system of verb forms. A given verb | |composées de terminaisons |
|belongs to one of the four conjugations. | |et d'auxiliaires que prend|
|The conjugation can be recognized from the| |un verbe pour exprimer les|
|infinitive: -are "long a" | |catégories propres à cette|
| | |classe de mots. |
| | |( atilf.inalf.fr-> |
| | |Tlfi, CONJUGUAISON, 3.b ) |
| | |TERM: Conjugaison |
|Conjunction | | |
|GENERAL |English : |French : |
|Morpho-syntax |EX: Coordinating conjunctions : and, |DEF: Mot invariable qui a |
|DEF: A conjunction is a word that : - |or, but Subordinating conjunctions : |pour fonction de joindre |
|syntactically links words or larger |because , when, unless |deux mots, des groupes de |
|constituents, and - expresses a semantic |TERM: Conjunction |mots. |
|relationship between them. A conjunction | |( atilf.inalf.fr-> |
|is positionally fixed relative to one or | |Tlfi, CONJONCTION, II.A ) |
|more of the elements related by it, thus | |TERM: Conjonction |
|distinguishing it from constituents such | | |
|as English conjunctive adverbs. | | |
|( | | |
|linguistics/GlossaryOfLinguist| | |
|icTerms/WhatIsAConjunction.htm ) | | |
|Constituent | | |
|GENERAL |English : |French : |
|Morpho-syntax |EX: The sentence : "You eat bananas" |DEF: Morphème ou syntagme |
|DEF: A constituent is one of two or more |contains the following constituents : |faisant partie d'une |
|grammatical units that enter syntactically|Immediate constituents - you - eat |structure plus large. |
|or morphologically into a construction at |bananas Ultimate constituents - you - |( atilf.fr |
|any level. |eat - banana - s |2.CONSTITUANTS ) |
|( |TERM: Constituent |TERM: Constituant |
|linguistics/GlossaryOfLinguist| | |
|icTerms/WhatIsAConstituent.htm ) | | |
|Coordinating conjunction | | |
|GENERAL |English : |French : |
|Morpho-syntax |TERM: Coordinating conjunction |DEF: Mot qui joint des |
|GENERIC CONCEPT : Conjunction | |mots, des groupes de mots,|
|DEF: A coordinating conjunction is a | |des propositions et des |
|conjunction that links constituentswithout| |phrases de même nature et |
|syntactically subordinating one to the | |de même fonction. |
|other | |( atilf.fr CONJONCTION|
|( | |DE COORDINATION ) |
|linguistics/GlossaryOfLinguist| |TERM: Conjonction de |
|icTerms/WhatIsACoordinatingConjunction.htm| |coordination |
|) | | |
|Copula | | |
|GENERAL |English : | |
|Morpho-syntax |DEF: A verb, such as be, seem, or | |
|DEF: A copula is a special word that |taste, that is used merely to identify | |
|combines the subject of a sentence and its|or link the subject with the complement| |
|description. Copulas are often irregular |of a sentence. Copulas may serve to | |
|in many languages. The English word be is |link nouns "or pronouns" | |
|a copula. It is the verb whose inflection |EXPL: However, the word is in "The book| |
|is most irregular in English. It combines |is on the desk" is not a copula but an | |
|the subject and its description. |existential verb similar to the verb | |
|( |exist | |
|sf.airnet.ne.jp/~ts/japanese/copula.ht|EX: Apples are fruits | |
|ml ) |TERM: Copula | |
|Coreference | | |
|GENERAL |English : |French : |
|Morpho-syntax |EX: You said you would come |DEF: La relation de |
|DEF: Coreference is the reference in one |TERM: Coreference |coréférence peut mettre en|
|expression to the same referent in another| |relation un pronom et un |
|expression | |antècèdent éloignés l'un |
|( | |de l'autre dans la phrase.|
|linguistics/GlossaryOfLinguist| | |
|icTerms/WhatIsCoreference.htm ) | |( latl.unige.ch ) |
| | |TERM: Coreference |
|Dative case | | |
|GENERAL |English : |French : |
|Morpho-syntax |EX: They ate themselves a good lunch |DEF: Cas qui, dans les |
|DEF: The case used to indicate indirect |TERM: Dative case |langues à déclinaisons, |
|object; reference; after certain compound | |sert à marquer le |
|and other verbs. | |complément d'attribution. |
|( | |( zeus.inalf.fr DATIF ) |
|southwestern.edu/~carlg/Latin_Web/glos| |TERM: Datif |
|sary.html ) | | |
|Declension | | |
|GENERAL |English : |French : |
|Morpho-syntax |TERM: Declension |DEF: [P. oppos. à la |
|DEF: System of noun and adjective endings.| |conjugaison, paradigme des|
|A given noun belongs to one of the five | |formes verbales] Action |
|declensions. An adjective may be of the | |d'énoncer selon un |
|first/second declension category, or of | |paradigme les formes |
|the third declension. The declension is | |variables pourvues |
|recognized from the genitive singular | |d'affixes que peuvent |
|ending: -ae = 1st declension; -i "long" | |prendre les différents |
| | |constituants d'un syntagme|
| | |nominal dans les langues à|
| | |flexion. |
| | |( atilf.atilf.fr |
| | |DECLINAISON 3. ) |
| | |TERM: Declinaison |
|Deixis | | |
|GENERAL |English : |French : |
|Morpho-syntax |DEF: The use or reference of a deictic |TERM: Deictique |
|DEF: Deixis is reference by means of an |word. | |
|expression whose interpretation is |( | |
|relative to the "usually" |english/definitio| |
| |n.asp?en=deixis ) | |
| |EX: The following | |
| |TERM: Deixis | |
|Demonstrative | | |
|GENERAL |English : |French : |
|Morpho-syntax |DEF: A word that points out something. |DEF: [Selon la grammaire |
|GENERIC CONCEPT : Adjective |( |traditionnelle] adjectif, |
|GENERIC CONCEPT : Pronoun |southwestern.edu/~carlg/Latin_Web/g|pronom déictique, servant |
| |lossary.html ) |à " montrer ", comme avec |
| |EX: That book |un geste d'indication les |
| |TERM: Demonstrative |êtres ou les objets |
| | |impliqués dans le |
| | |discours, ou simplement à |
| | |noter que l'être ou |
| | |l'objet dont on parle est |
| | |connu parce qu'il en a |
| | |déjà été question, ou |
| | |parce que, pour diverses |
| | |raisons, il est présent à |
| | |l'esprit du destinataire; |
| | |[selon la grammaire |
| | |structurale et générative]|
| | |déterminant de même nature|
| | |que l'article, commutable |
| | |avec lui, ou bien |
| | |préarticle qui, en |
| | |structure profonde, est |
| | |suivi d'un article défini |
| | |( d'apr. Ling.1972 ) |
| | |TERM: Demonstratif |
|Derivation | | |
|GENERAL |English : |French : |
|Morpho-syntax |EX: Kindness is derived from kind |DEF: Procédé qui consiste |
|GENERIC CONCEPT : Flexion |TERM: Derivation |à former de nouveaux mots |
|DEF: Derivation is the formation of a new | |en modifiant le morphème |
|word or inflectable stem from another word| |par rapport à la base. |
|or stem. It typically occurs by the | |( atilf.fr DERIVATION |
|addition of an affix.The derived word is | |GRAMM. 2.b ) |
|often of a different word class from the | |TERM: Derivation |
|original. It may thus take the | | |
|inflectional affixes of the new word | | |
|class. | | |
|( | | |
|linguistics/GlossaryOfLinguist| | |
|icTerms/WhatIsDerivation.htm ) | | |
|DEF: A change in the form of a linguistic | | |
|unit, usually modification in the | | |
|base/root or affixation which signals a | | |
|change in part-of-speech-information | | |
|( Sue Ellen Wright ) | | |
|DEF: A change in the form of a linguistic | | |
|unit, usually modification in the | | |
|base/root or affixation which signals a | | |
|change in part-of-speech-information. | | |
|( Sue Ellen Wright ) | | |
|Determiner | | |
|GENERAL |English : |French : |
|Morpho-syntax |EX: All these houses |DEF: Mot précédant le |
|DEF: A determiner is a word or affix that |TERM: Determiner |substantif, de même genre |
|belongs to a class of noun modifiers that | |et de même nombre que lui,|
|expresses the reference, including | |qui le caractérise, en |
|quantity, of a noun. | |précise la valeur dans la |
|( | |phrase. |
|linguistics/GlossaryOfLinguist| |( zeus.inalf.fr |
|icTerms/WhatIsADeterminer.htm ) | |DETERMINANT ) |
| | |TERM: Determinant |
|Direct object | | |
|GENERAL |English : |French : |
|Morpho-syntax |DEF: A direct object is a grammatical |TERM: Complément d'objet |
|DEF: A noun, pronoun, or noun phrase whose|relation that exhibits a combination of|direct |
|referent receives the direct action of a |certain independent syntactic | |
|verb. |properties, such as the following: - | |
|( |The usual grammatical characteristics | |
|english/definition.a|of the patient of typically transitive | |
|sp?en=direct+object ) |verbs - A particular case marking - A | |
| |particular clause position - The | |
| |conditioning of an agreement affix on | |
| |the verb - The capability of becoming | |
| |the clause subject in passivization - | |
| |The capability of reflexivization | |
| |( | |
| |linguistics/GlossaryOfLingu| |
| |isticTerms/WhatIsADirectObject.htm ) | |
| |EX: A book is the direct object in the | |
| |sentence They bought Anne a book | |
| |TERM: Direct object | |
|Ditransitive | | |
|GENERAL |English : |French : |
|Morpho-syntax |TERM: Ditransitive |DEF: verbe admettant deux |
|DEF: Ditransitivity (or Bitransitivity) is| |compléments (un c. direct |
|a term which describes a verb or clause | |et un c. indirect) : he |
|which takes two objects. | |gave her a present et en |
|( | |anglais ayant donc deux |
|linguistics/GlossaryOfLinguist| |constructions passives. on|
|icTerms/WhatIsDitransitivity.htm ) | |dit aussi ditransitif |
| | |( |
| | |univ-nancy2.fr/ANGLAIS|
| | |/cours/GR%203/glossaire.ht|
| | |m ) |
| | |TERM: Bitransitif |
|Elative case | | |
|GENERAL |English : |Finnish : |Estonian : |Hungar|
|Morpho-syntax |DEF: A locative grammatical case which |EX: "talosta" - "out of |EX: "majast"|ian : |
| |carries the basic meaning of "out of". |the house, from house" In |- "out of |EX: |
| |( wiki/Elative_case )|Finnish elative is |the house, |"házbÓ|
| | |typically formed by adding|from house",|l" - |
| |EXPL: Elative is one of the six |"sta/stä" |in Estonian |"out |
| |locative cases which as their basic | |- "st" to |of |
| |meaning correspond to locational | |the genitive|house"|
| |prepositions in English | |stem. |In |
| |TERM: Elative case | | |Hungar|
| | | | |ian a |
| | | | |suffix|
| | | | |"bÓl/b|
| | | | |ol" is|
| | | | |used |
| | | | |for |
| | | | |elativ|
| | | | |e. |
|Elision | | | | |
|GENERAL |English : |French : | | |
|Morpho-syntax |DEF: The omission of a syllable or |TERM: Elision | | |
|DEF: Elision is the omission of sounds, |vowel at the beginning or end of a | | | |
|syllables, or words in spoken or written |word, esp. when a word ending with a | | | |
|discourse. |vowel is next to one beginning with a | | | |
|( |vowel | | | |
|linguistics/GlossaryOfLinguist|( | | | |
|icTerms/WhatIsElision.htm ) |english/definitio| | | |
| |n.asp?en=elision ) | | | |
| |EX: cats 'n dogs = 'cats and dogs' | | | |
| |TERM: Elision | | | |
|Endophara | | | | |
|GENERAL |English : |French : | | |
|Morpho-syntax |EX: If you need one, there's a towel in|TERM: Endophore | | |
|DEF: Endophora is coreference of an |the top drawer | | | |
|expression with another expression either |TERM: Endophara | | | |
|before it or after it. One expression | | | | |
|provides the information necessary to | | | | |
|interpret the other. | | | | |
|( | | | | |
|linguistics/GlossaryOfLinguist| | | | |
|icTerms/WhatIsEndophora.htm ) | | | | |
|Ergative case | | | | |
|GENERAL |English : |French : |Basque : | |
|Morpho-syntax |EXPL: Ergative case is used in Basque; |DEF: [Dans certaines lang.|EX: Gizona | |
|DEF: Assigned to the subject of a |Samoan and many other Oceanic |flexionnelles comme le |etorri da. | |
|transitive verb as opposed to absolutive |languages; virtually all Caucasian |basque] Cas exprimant |"The man has| |
|case which is assigned to the subject of |languages (Abkhaz, Chechen, etc.); the |l'agent du procès. |arrived." | |
|an intransitive verb and the object of a |various Inuit dialects (Inupiaq, |( atilf.fr Ergatif |Gizonak | |
|transitive verb. |Inuktitut, etc.) |Gramm. ) |mutila ikusi| |
|( wiki/Ergative_case ) |TERM: Ergative case |TERM: Ergatif |du. "The man| |
| | | |saw the | |
| | | |boy." In | |
| | | |Basque, | |
| | | |gizon is | |
| | | |"man", mutil| |
| | | |is "boy", | |
| | | |and a suffix| |
| | | |-a is "the".| |
| | | |Notice that | |
| | | |gizon is | |
| | | |different | |
| | | |depending on| |
| | | |whether it | |
| | | |is the | |
| | | |subject of a| |
| | | |transitive | |
| | | |or | |
| | | |intransitive| |
| | | |verb The | |
| | | |first form | |
| | | |is the | |
| | | |absolutive | |
| | | |case and the| |
| | | |second form | |
| | | |is the | |
| | | |ergative | |
| | | |case. | |
|Essive | | | | |
|GENERAL |English : |Finnish : | | |
|Morpho-syntax |DEF: Carries the meaning of a temporary|EX: In the Finnish | | |
| |state of being, often equivalent to the|language, this case is | | |
| |English "as a ..." |marked by adding "na" to | | |
| |( wiki/Essive_case ) |the genitive stem of the | | |
| |TERM: Essive |noun, but with strong | | |
| | |consonant gradation. | | |
| | |"lapsi" "child", "lapsena"| | |
| | |"as a child", "when (I) | | |
| | |was a child". In Finnish, | | |
| | |essive case is also used | | |
| | |for specifying days and | | |
| | |dates when something | | |
| | |happens. For example: | | |
| | |"maanantaina" "on monday",| | |
| | |"kuudentena joulukuuta" | | |
| | |"on the 6th of December". | | |
|Etymology | | | | |
|GENERAL |English : |French : | | |
|Morpho-syntax |TERM: Etymology |DEF: Science qui a pour | | |
|DEF: Etymology is the study of the origins| |objet la recherche de | | |
|and history of the form and meaning of | |l'origine des mots en | | |
|words. | |suivant leur évolution à | | |
|( | |partir de l'état le plus | | |
|linguistics/GlossaryOfLinguist| |anciennement attesté. | | |
|icTerms/WhatIsEtymology.htm ) | |Science qui a pour objet | | |
| | |la recherche de l'origine | | |
| | |des mots en suivant leur | | |
| | |évolution à partir de | | |
| | |l'état le plus | | |
| | |anciennement attesté. | | |
| | |( atilf.inalf.fr Tlfi,| | |
| | |ETYMOLOGIE, A ) | | |
| | |TERM: Etymologie | | |
|Event | | | | |
|GENERAL |English : |French : | | |
|Morpho-syntax |DEF: Anything that takes place or |TERM: Evenement | | |
|DEF: An event is a kind of information in |happens, esp. something important; | | | |
|discourse that... - actually occurs, - is |happening; incident. | | | |
|overt , and - occurs at the now point on |( | | | |
|the time line. |english/definitio| | | |
|( |n.asp?en=event ) | | | |
|linguistics/GlossaryOfLinguist|TERM: Event | | | |
|icTerms/WhatIsAnEvent.htm ) | | | | |
|Expletive | | | | |
|GENERAL |English : |French : | | |
|Morpho-syntax |DEF: - An exclamation or swearword; an |TERM: Juron | | |
|DEF: A word which serves no grammatical |oath or a sound expressing an emotional| | | |
|function, but which fills up a sentence or|reaction rather than any particular | | | |
|gives emphasis. |meaning. - Any syllable, word, or | | | |
|( |phrase conveying no independent | | | |
|southwestern.edu/~carlg/Latin_Web/glos|meaning, esp. one inserted in a line of| | | |
|sary.html ) |verse for the sake of the metre. | | | |
| |( | | | |
| |english/definitio| | | |
| |n.asp?en=expletive ) | | | |
| |EX: Wowee !!! | | | |
| |TERM: Expletive | | | |
|Feminine | | | | |
|GENERAL |English : |French : |Spanish : |Deutch|
|Morpho-syntax |DEF: Denoting or belonging to a gender |TERM: Feminin |EX: Here are|: |
|DEF: Feminine gender is a grammatical |of nouns, occurring in many inflected | |some |EX: |
|gender that : - marks nouns that have |languages, that includes all kinds of | |examples of |German|
|human or animal female referents, and - |referents as well as some female | |words that |Zeit |
|often marks nouns that have referents that|animate referents | |have |``time|
|do not carry distinctions of sex. |( | |feminine |'' and|
|( |english/definitio| |gender: - la|Ehe |
|linguistics/GlossaryOfLinguist|n.asp?en=feminine ) | |mujer 'the |``marr|
|icTerms/WhatIsFeminineGender.htm ) |TERM: Feminine | |woman' - la |iage''|
| | | |gallina 'the|are |
| | | |hen' - la |femini|
| | | |mesa 'the |nes |
| | | |table' | |
|Finite | | | | |
|GENERAL |English : |French : | | |
|Morpho-syntax |DEF: Denoting any form or occurrence of|TERM: Fini | | |
|DEF: Descriptive of a verb form that is |a verb inflected for grammatical | | | |
|limited according to person and number. |features such as person, number,and | | | |
|Cf. infinitive. |tense. | | | |
|( |( | | | |
|southwestern.edu/~carlg/Latin_Web/glos|english/definitio| | | |
|sary.html ) |n.asp?en=finite ->4 ) | | | |
| |TERM: Finite | | | |
|First | | | | |
|GENERAL |English : |French : | | |
|Morpho-syntax |DEF: a grammatical category of pronouns|DEF: En s'impliquant | | |
|DEF: First person deixis is deictic |and verbs used by the speaker to refer |soi-même dans une action, | | |
|reference that refers to - the speaker, or|to or talk about himself, either alone |un récit. Tout fait | | |
|- both the speaker and referents grouped |(first person singular) or together |psychologique est, au | | |
|with the speaker |with others (first person plural) |contraire, un événement à | | |
|( |( |la première personne et ne| | |
|linguistics/GlossaryOfLinguist|english/definitio|peut être formulé qu'à la | | |
|icTerms/WhatIsFirstPersonDeixis.htm ) |n.asp?en=first+person ) |première personne. Il est | | |
| |TERM: First |inséparable d'une | | |
| | |histoire, à d'une | | |
| | |affirmation, d'une | | |
| | |signification et d'une | | |
| | |valorisation personnelles | | |
| | |(MOUNIER, Traité caract., | | |
| | |à 1946, p.45). | | |
| | |( atilf.fr PREMIERE | | |
| | |PERSONNE Gramm. ) | | |
| | |TERM: Première personne | | |
|Flexion | | | | |
|GENERAL |English : |French : | | |
|Morpho-syntax |TERM: Flexion |DEF: [Dans certaines | | |
| | |langues] Changement | | |
| | |morphologique dans la | | |
| | |finale d'un mot (nom, | | |
| | |pronom, participe, | | |
| | |adjectif) selon la | | |
| | |fonction qu'il occupe dans| | |
| | |la phrase ou dans la | | |
| | |proposition, par | | |
| | |l'adjonction d'un affixe | | |
| | |ou désinence au radical ou| | |
| | |au thème. | | |
| | |( atilf.fr FLEXION II.| | |
| | |Gramm. A ) | | |
| | |DEF: Ensemble des formes | | |
| | |fléchies d'un mot (nom, | | |
| | |pronom ou verbe) variant | | |
| | |selon le cas, le genre, le| | |
| | |nombre et la personne. | | |
| | |( atilf.fr FLEXION II.| | |
| | |Gramm. B ) | | |
| | |TERM: Flexion | | |
|Focus | | | | |
|GENERAL |English : | | | |
|Morpho-syntax |EX: It was math that gave him trouble | | | |
|DEF: Focus is a term that refers to |TERM: Focus | | | |
|information, in a sentence, that - is new | | | | |
|- is of high communicative interest - is | | | | |
|marked by stress - typically occurs late | | | | |
|in the sentence, and - complements the | | | | |
|presupposed information typically | | | | |
|presented early in the sentence. | | | | |
|( | | | | |
|linguistics/GlossaryOfLinguist| | | | |
|icTerms/WhatIsFocus.htm ) | | | | |
|Futur | | | | |
|GENERAL |English : |French : | | |
|Morpho-syntax |EX: I will praise |DEF: Temps de l'indicatif | | |
|DEF: A verb tense that indicates action or|TERM: Futur |situant le procès dans | | |
|state of being in the future. The future | |l'avenir par rapport au | | |
|corresponds to two English tenses. | |moment de la parole ou par| | |
|( | |rapport à un moment pris | | |
|southwestern.edu/~carlg/Latin_Web/glos| |comme repère. | | |
|sary.html ) | |( atilf.inalf.fr Tlfi,| | |
| | |FUTUR, II.A, 2 ) | | |
| | |TERM: Futur | | |
|Futur perfect | | | | |
|GENERAL |English : |French : | | |
|Morpho-syntax |DEF: Denoting a tense of verbs |TERM: Futur proche | | |
|DEF: A verb tense that refers to an action|describing an action that will have | | | |
|or state of being completed in the future.|been performed by a certain time. In | | | |
|Its translation into English requires the |English this is formed with will have | | | |
|use of the auxiliary verbs will/shall |or shall have plus the past participle.| | | |
|have. | | | | |
|( |( | | | |
|southwestern.edu/~carlg/Latin_Web/glos|english/definitio| | | |
|sary.html ) |n.asp?en=future+perfect ) | | | |
| |EX: We shall have praised | | | |
| |TERM: Futur perfect | | | |
|Gender | | | | |
|GENERAL |English : |French : | | |
|Morpho-syntax |VALUE :Neuter |DEF: Forme donnée au | | |
|VALUE :Masculine |TERM: Gender |pronom, adjectif, ou | | |
|VALUE :Feminine | |participe passé, | | |
|VALUE :Neuter | |correspondant au genre du | | |
|DEF: Catégorie reposant, selon les langues| |nom representé | | |
|et les systèmes, sur la distinction | |( atilf.inalf.fr Tlfi,| | |
|naturelle entre les sexes ou sur des | |1.GENRE, subst. masc., | | |
|critères formels. Genre naturel, | |Gramm ) | | |
|grammatical; genre animé, inanimé; genre | |EX: La chien : incorrect | | |
|féminin, masculin, neutre; genre épicène; | |TERM: Genre | | |
|adjectif, substantif des deux genres. | | | | |
|( atilf.inalf.fr Tlfi, GENRE, d, gramm| | | | |
|) | | | | |
|Genitive case | | | | |
|GENERAL |English : |French : | | |
|Morpho-syntax |EXPL: Hardly any English nouns decline,|DEF: Cas des langues à | | |
|DEF: The case used to indicate possession;|but the genitive case is indicated by |déclinaison exprimant, | | |
|partitive; objective; subjective. It is |the endings 's (belonging to one) and |dans un syntagme nominal, | | |
|most often translated with the English |s' (belonging to more than one) in such|une relation de | | |
|preposition of. |phrases as the dog's bone, the cats' |subordination du premier | | |
|( |litter box. |terme par rapport au | | |
|southwestern.edu/~carlg/Latin_Web/glos|EX: The brick of the wall |second; il ,,peut, dans | | |
|sary.html ) |TERM: Genitive case |certaines langues, assumer| | |
| | |la fonction d'autres cas | | |
| | |comme l'ablatif "ainsi le | | |
| | |génitif grec" | | |
| | |( atilf.fr GENITIF ) | | |
| | |TERM: Genitif | | |
|Gerundive | | | | |
|GENERAL |English : |French : | | |
|Morpho-syntax |DEF: a noun formed from a verb, |TERM: Gerondif | | |
|DEF: an adjective formed from a verb, |denoting an action or state. In | | | |
|expressing the desirability of the |English, the gerund, like the present | | | |
|activity denoted by the verb |participle, is formed in -ing | | | |
|( |( | | | |
|english/definition.a|english/definitio| | | |
|sp?en=gerundive) ) |n.asp?en=gerund ) | | | |
| |EX: the living is easy | | | |
| |TERM: Gerundive | | | |
|Grammatical function | | | | |
|GENERAL |English : |French : | | |
|Morpho-syntax |TERM: Grammatical function |DEF: Le terme de fonction | | |
| | |désigne, dans l'analyse | | |
| | |grammaticale | | |
| | |traditionnelle, le rôle | | |
| | |joué par un terme dans la | | |
| | |structure grammaticale | | |
| | |d'une phrase; on oppose | | |
| | |ainsi la fonction | | |
| | |(syntaxique) d'un terme à | | |
| | |sa nature (morphologique).| | |
| | | | | |
| | |( | | |
| | |fr.encyclopedia.| | |
| | |articles/na/na_2508_p0.htm| | |
| | |l ) | | |
| | |EX: Dans l'âne mange du | | |
| | |son, la nature de âne est | | |
| | |"nom commun", et sa | | |
| | |fonction est "sujet" du | | |
| | |verbe mange. | | |
| | |TERM: Fonction | | |
| | |grammaticale | | |
|Have | | | | |
|GENERAL |English : |French : | | |
|Morpho-syntax |EX: I have a car |DEF: Emploi trans. Être en| | |
|DEF: An auxiliary verb is a verb which |TERM: Have |relation (concrète ou | | |
|accompanies the lexical verb of a verb | |abstraite, permanente ou | | |
|phrase, and expresses grammatical | |occasionnelle) avec | | |
|distinctions not carried by the lexical | |quelqu'un ou quelque | | |
|verb, such as : person,number, tense, | |chose. [Le suj. désigne | | |
|aspect, and voice. | |une pers., l'obj. désigne | | |
|( | |soit une chose concr. ou | | |
|linguistics/GlossaryOfLinguist| |abstr., soit une pers. | | |
|icTerms/WhatIsAnAuxiliaryVerb.htm ) | |dont on peut disposer] | | |
| | |( atilf.fr AVOIR ) | | |
| | |TERM: Avoir | | |
|Homograph | | | | |
|GENERAL |English : |French : | | |
|Morpho-syntax |EX: bow, the front part of a ship || |DEF: Dont la graphie est | | |
|DEF: A homograph is word that has the same|bow, to bend || bow, a decorative knot |identique à celle d'un | | |
|spelling as another. Homographs differ |TERM: Homograph |autre mot. Cette | | |
|from each other in - meaning - origin, and| |différenciation des | | |
|- sometimes pronunciation. | |homographes en Syntol est | | |
|( | |complétée par une | | |
|linguistics/GlossaryOfLinguist| |élimination de tous les | | |
|icTerms/WhatIsAHomograph.htm ) | |synonymes, du moins au | | |
|DEF: A word that is spelled like another, | |niveau des monèmes | | |
|but that has a different pronunciation, | |( atilf.fr HOMOGRAPHE | | |
|meaning, and/or origin. | |COYAUD, Introd. ét. lang. | | |
|( ISO12620A-101805 Sue Ellen Wright ) | |docum., 1966, p. 45 ) | | |
| | |TERM: Homographe | | |
|Homonym | | | | |
|GENERAL |English : |French : | | |
|Morpho-syntax |EX: two and too |DEF: Qui a une | | |
|DEF: Here are three senses of homonym. - A|TERM: Homonym |prononciation et/ou une | | |
|word that has the same pronunciation as | |graphie identique à celle | | |
|another. Homonyms differ from each other | |d'un autre mais un | | |
|in * meaning * origin, and * usually | |signifié différent. | | |
|spelling | |( atilf.inalf.fr Tlfi,| | |
|( | |HOMONYME ) | | |
|linguistics/GlossaryOfLinguist| |TERM: Homonyme | | |
|icTerms//WhatIsAHomonym.htm ) | | | | |
|DEF: A word that is pronounced like | | | | |
|another word and that can be spelled the | | | | |
|same way (homograph) or can merely sound | | | | |
|the same (homophone). | | | | |
|( ISO12620A-10180501 Sue Ellen Wright ) | | | | |
|Homophone | | | | |
|GENERAL |English : |French : | | |
|Morpho-syntax |DEF: [En parlant d'unités ou de |DEF: [En parlant d'unités | | |
|DEF: A homophone is - a group of two or |groupements graphiques "signe, syllabe,|ou de groupements | | |
|more letters representing the same speech |mot, phrase" |graphiques (signe, | | |
|sound, or - a homonym. |EX: The letter "c" in city and the |syllabe, mot, phrase)] De | | |
|( |letter "s" in song |prononciation identique. | | |
|linguistics/GlossaryOfLinguist|TERM: Homophone |( atilf.fr HOMOPHONE )| | |
|icTerms//WhatIsAHomophone.htm ) | | | | |
|DEF: A word that is pronounced in the same| |TERM: Homophone | | |
|way as another word but that is spelled | | | | |
|differently. | | | | |
|( ISO12620A-10180502 Sue Ellen Wright ) | | | | |
|Illative case | | | | |
|GENERAL |English : |Hungarian : | | |
|Morpho-syntax |DEF: A locative grammatical case which |EX: "házba" - "into house"| | |
| |carries the basic meaning of "into". |In Hungarian suffix | | |
| |( wiki/Illative_case |"ba/be" is used for | | |
| |) |illative. | | |
| |EXPL: Illative is one of the six | | | |
| |locative cases which as their basic | | | |
| |meaning correspond to locational | | | |
| |prepositions in English | | | |
| |TERM: Illative case | | | |
|Imperative | | | | |
|GENERAL |English : |French : | | |
|Morpho-syntax |EX: Do this |DEF: Mode impératif, | | |
|DEF: A verb mood used to express direct |TERM: Imperative |subst. masc. Mode | | |
|command. In English, the implied subject | |exprimant un ordre, une | | |
|"you" is never expressed. | |défense ou un souhait, | | |
|( | |caractérisé en français | | |
|southwestern.edu/~carlg/Latin_Web/glos| |par une formation propre | | |
|sary.html ) | |au présent et au passé | | |
| | |avec conjugaison à la | | |
| | |deuxième personne du | | |
| | |singulier, à la première | | |
| | |et à la deuxième personne | | |
| | |du pluriel | | |
| | |( atilf.inalf.fr-> | | |
| | |Tlfi, IDIOME, A.Gramm ) | | |
| | |TERM: Imperatif | | |
|Imperfect | | | | |
|GENERAL |English : |French : | | |
|Morpho-syntax |EX: She was praising |DEF: Temps simple de | | |
|DEF: A verb tense that refers to action in|TERM: Imperfect |l'indicatif, exprimant | | |
|the past that is incomplete or ongoing. It| |notamment qu'une action | | |
|is translated into English with the | |s'est déroulée ou répétée | | |
|auxiliary was, were, or alternatively with| |pendant une certaine | | |
|other formulae. | |période dans un passé réel| | |
|( | |ou imaginaire, qu'elle a | | |
|southwestern.edu/~carlg/Latin_Web/glos| |été concomitante ou | | |
|sary.html ) | |antérieure à une autre | | |
| | |action passée. | | |
| | |( atilf.inalf.fr-> | | |
| | |Tlfi, IMPARFAIT ) | | |
| | |TERM: Imparfait | | |
|Imperfective aspect | | | | |
|GENERAL |English : | | | |
|Morpho-syntax |EX: Here are some examples of | | | |
|GENERIC CONCEPT : Aspect |imperfective aspect: Progressive aspect| | | |
|DEF: Imperfective aspect is an aspect that|Example: be + -ing Habitual aspect with| | | |
|expresses an event or state, with respect |Example: used to | | | |
|to its internal structure, instead of |TERM: Imperfective aspect | | | |
|expressing it as a simple whole. | | | | |
|( | | | | |
|linguistics/GlossaryOfLinguist| | | | |
|icTerms/WhatIsImperfectiveAspect.htm ) | | | | |
|Impersonal | | | | |
|GENERAL |English : |French : | | |
|Morpho-syntax |DEF: An impersonal verb is a verb that |DEF: Qui exprime une | | |
|DEF: (of a verb) having no logical |- occurs only in third person singular |action sans relation avec | | |
|subject. Usually in English the pronoun it|forms - has no specified agent , and - |un sujet déterminé. Tour | | |
|is used in such cases as a grammatical |has a dummy subject or no subject. |impersonnel, construction | | |
|subject, as for example in It is raining. |( |impersonnelle. Mode | | |
|(of a pronoun) not denoting a person |linguistics/GlossaryOfLingu|impersonnel. Mode du verbe| | |
|( |isticTerms/WhatIsAnImpersonalVerb.htm )|(infinitif, participe, | | |
|english/definition.a| |gérondif) qui ne comporte | | |
|sp?en=impersonal ) |TERM: Impersonal |pas de flexion indiquant | | |
| | |la personne. Verbe | | |
| | |impersonnel. Verbe qui ne | | |
| | |s'emploie qu'à l'infinitif| | |
| | |et à la troisième personne| | |
| | |du singulier précédé du | | |
| | |pronom neutre il, lequel | | |
| | |n'a pas de contenu | | |
| | |sémantique. | | |
| | |( atilf.fr IMPERSONNEL| | |
| | |Gramm. ) | | |
| | |TERM: Impersonnel | | |
|Indicative | | | | |
|GENERAL |English : |French : | | |
|Morpho-syntax |EX: English is a good thing |DEF: Indicatif ou mode | | |
|DEF: A verb mood. The indicative mood |TERM: Indicative |indicatif. ,,Système de | | |
|indicates a fact "as opposed to an order | |formes verbales | | |
|or a condition contrary to fact" | |formellement non-marquées | | |
| | |quant au mode, dont | | |
| | |l'emploi convient pour | | |
| | |présenter le signifié d'un| | |
| | |verbe comme purement | | |
| | |assertif, ou neutre quant | | |
| | |à l'attitude du locuteur | | |
| | |envers ce qu'il est en | | |
| | |train de dire | | |
| | |( MOUNIN 1974 ) | | |
| | |TERM: Indicatif | | |
|Indirect object | | | | |
|GENERAL |English : |French : | | |
|Morpho-syntax |DEF: An indirect object is a |TERM: Complément d'objet | | |
|DEF: A noun, pronoun, or noun phrase |grammatical relation that is one means |indirect | | |
|indicating the recipient or beneficiary of|of expressing the semantic role of goal| | | |
|the action of a verb and its direct object|and other similar roles. It is proposed| | | |
| |for languages in which the role is | | | |
|( |distinct from the direct object and the| | | |
|english/definition.a|oblique object on the basis of multiple| | | |
|sp?en=indirect%20object ) |independent syntactic or morphological | | | |
| |criteria, such as the following: - | | | |
| |Having a particular case marking, | | | |
| |commonly dative - Governing an | | | |
| |agreement affix on the verb, such as | | | |
| |person or number - Being distinct from | | | |
| |oblique relations in that it may be | | | |
| |relativized | | | |
| |( | | | |
| |linguistics/GlossaryOfLingu| | | |
| |isticTerms/WhatIsAnIndirectObject.htm )| | | |
| | | | | |
| |EX: John in the sentence I bought John | | | |
| |a newspaper | | | |
| |TERM: Indirect object | | | |
|Inessive case | | | | |
|GENERAL |English : |Finnish : |Estonian : |Hungar|
|Morpho-syntax |DEF: A locative grammatical case which |EX: "talo" (house) |EX: "majas" |ian : |
| |carries the basic meaning of "in". |"talossa" meaning "in the |- "in the |EX: |
| |( wiki/Inessive_case |house" In Finnish |house" in |"házba|
| |) |typically formed by adding|Estonian - |n" - |
| |EXPL: Inessive is one of the six |"ssa/ssä" |by adding |"in |
| |locative cases which as their basic | |"s" to the |the |
| |meaning correspond to locational | |genitive |house"|
| |prepositions in English | |stem. |In |
| |TERM: Inessive case | | |Hungar|
| | | | |ian a |
| | | | |suffix|
| | | | |"ban/b|
| | | | |en" is|
| | | | |used |
| | | | |for |
| | | | |inessi|
| | | | |ve. |
|Infinitive | | | | |
|GENERAL |English : |French : | | |
|Morpho-syntax |EXPL: The English dictionary entry is |DEF: Forme nominale dont | | |
|DEF: A verb form that is not limited |simply praise, v.t.. The "v.t. (verb |la fonction essentielle | | |
|"ergo, "infinite"" |transitive) part is important, because |est d'énoncer purement et | | |
| |it distinguishes the verb to praise |simplement le procès | | |
| |from the noun praise, as in "I like |exprimé par le verbe. En | | |
| |lots of excessive praise." |tant que terme nominal, | | |
| |EX: To praise |l'infinitif peut être | | |
| |TERM: Infinitive |substantivé "le manger, le| | |
| | |boire" | | |
| | |( atilf.fr INFINITIF )| | |
| | | | | |
| | |TERM: Infinitif | | |
|Infix | | | | |
|GENERAL |English : | | | |
|Morpho-syntax |DEF: An affix inserted into the middle | | | |
|GENERIC CONCEPT : Affix |of a word. | | | |
|DEF: An infix is an affix that is inserted|( | | | |
|within a root.or stem. |english/definitio| | | |
|( |n.asp?en=infix ) | | | |
|linguistics/GlossaryOfLinguist|EX: - bili: root 'buy'/-um- : infix | | | |
|icTerms/WhatIsAnInfix.htm ) |'AGT' /bumili: word 'bought' | | | |
|DEF: A sound, letter, or syllable inserted|TERM: Infix | | | |
|in the middle of a word to change its | | | | |
|meaning or grammatical value. | | | | |
|( Sue Ellen Wright ) | | | | |
|Inflection | | | | |
|GENERAL |English : |French : | | |
|Morpho-syntax |DEF: A change in the form of a word, |DEF: Élément variable à la| | |
|GENERIC CONCEPT : Flexion |usually modification or affixation, |finale d'un mot, qui, | | |
|DEF: Inflection is variation in the form |signalling change in such grammatical |ajouté au radical (ou au | | |
|of a word, typically by means of an affix,|functions as tense, voice, mood, |thème de flexion), sert à | | |
|that expresses a grammatical contrast |person, gender, number, or case. |marquer chacune des formes| | |
|which is obligatory for the stem's word |( |verbales (dont l'ensemble | | |
|class in some given grammatical context. |english/definitio|constitue la conjugaison) | | |
|In contrast to derivation, inflection : - |n.asp?en=inflection ) |ou nominales (dont | | |
|does not result in a change of word class,|EX: Tend to be regular and productive, |l'ensemble constitue la | | |
|and - usually produces a predictable, |in comparison to derivational |déclinaison ou la | | |
|nonidiosyncratic change of meaning. |operations, and tend to occur in |flexion). | | |
|( |paradigms |( atilf.fr DESINANCE | | |
|linguistics/GlossaryOfLinguist|TERM: Inflection |1.A GRAMM. ) | | |
|icTerms/WhatIsInflection.htm ) | |TERM: Désinance | | |
|DEF: The variation of nouns, and in some | | | | |
|languages, adjectives, by declension, and | | | | |
|verbs by conjugation | | | | |
|( ISO12620A-020208 Sue Ellen Wright ) | | | | |
|Instructive | | | | |
|GENERAL |English : |Finnish : | | |
|Morpho-syntax |DEF: Carries the basic meaning of "by |EX: Characteristic ending | | |
| |means of". |-n Comparatively rarely | | |
| |( |used case, though it is | | |
| |wiki/Instructive_case|found in some commonly | | |
| |) |used expressions, such as | | |
| |TERM: Instructive |"omin silmin" "with my own| | |
| | |eyes". Also used with | | |
| | |Finnish verbal second | | |
| | |infinitives to mean "by | | |
| | |...ing", for example | | |
| | |"lentäen" "by flying", "by| | |
| | |air". | | |
|Intensive | | | | |
|GENERAL |English : |French : | | |
|Morpho-syntax |EX: themselves |DEF: Qui renforce la | | |
|DEF: A word used to intensify a noun or |TERM: Intensive |notion exprimée par un mot| | |
|pronun, translated into English with the | |ou un radical. Verbe, | | |
|suffix -self. | |adverbe, préfixe intensif.| | |
|( | |Subst. | | |
|southwestern.edu/~carlg/Latin_Web/glos| |( zeus.inalf.fr INTENSIF )| | |
|sary.html ) | | | | |
| | |TERM: Intensif | | |
|Interjection | | | | |
|GENERAL |English : |French : | | |
|Morpho-syntax |EX: D'hoo !!! |DEF: Terme qu'on emploie | | |
|DEF: A word or sound that expresses an |TERM: Interjection |seul ou qu'on insère dans | | |
|emotion. | |l'énoncé pour exprimer un | | |
|( | |sentiment ou une | | |
|southwestern.edu/~carlg/Latin_Web/glos| |sensation, un ordre ou une| | |
|sary.html ) | |défense. | | |
| | |( zeus.inalf.fr | | |
| | |INTERJECTION ) | | |
| | |TERM: Interjection | | |
|Interrogative | | | | |
|GENERAL |English : |French : | | |
|Morpho-syntax |DEF: Denoting or belonging to a class |DEF: Qui sert à | | |
|DEF: An interrogative mood is an epistemic|of words, such as which and whom, that |interroger. Adjectif, | | |
|mood that signals that the speaker wishes |are determiners, adjectives, or |adverbe, pronom, terme | | |
|to elicit information concerning the |pronouns and serve to question which |interrogatif; phrase, | | |
|content of his or her utterance from the |individual referent or referents are |proposition interrogative.| | |
|addressee. |intended |Tous ces soi-disants modes| | |
|( |( |optatif, impératif, | | |
|linguistics/GlossaryOfLinguist|english/definitio|interrogatif, dubitatif, | | |
|icTerms/WhatIsInterrogativeMood.htm ) |n.asp?en=interrogative ) |ne sont que des locutions | | |
| |TERM: Interrogative |abrégées (DESTUTT DE TR., | | |
| | |Idéol. 2, 1803, p. 197)Les| | |
| | |interrogatifs sont des | | |
| | |pronoms, des adjectifs ou | | |
| | |des adverbes qui indiquent| | |
| | |que l'on pose une question| | |
| | |(Ling. 1972). | | |
| | |( atilf.fr | | |
| | |INTERROGATIF B. ) | | |
| | |TERM: Interrogatif | | |
|Intransitive | | | | |
|GENERAL |English : |French : | | |
|Morpho-syntax |EX: They fall |DEF: Qui exprime un état, | | |
|DEF: Refers to a verb that does not take a|TERM: Intransitive |une action et qui n'a | | |
|direct object; that is, to a verb that | |jamais de complément | | |
|does not express an action which directly | |d'objet parce que ne | | |
|affects another person or thing. | |faisant jamais passer | | |
|( | |l'action accomplie par le | | |
|southwestern.edu/~carlg/Latin_Web/glos| |sujet sur aucun complément| | |
|sary.html ) | |d'objet | | |
| | |( d'apr. DAGN. 1965 | | |
| | |atilf.fr INTRANSITIF )| | |
| | | | | |
| | |TERM: Intransitif | | |
|Lemma | | | | |
|GENERAL |English : |French : | | |
|Morpho-syntax |EX: A pronoun. For example, the lemma |DEF: Forme graphique | | |
|DEF: A word considered as its citation |go consists of go together with goes, |choisie | | |
|form together with all the inflected |going, went, and gone. |conventionnellement comme | | |
|forms. |TERM: Lemma |adresse dans un lexique. | | |
|( | |( atilf.fr LEMME b. ) | | |
|english/definition.a| |TERM: Lemme | | |
|sp?en=lemma ) | | | | |
|DEF: The base form a word or term that is | | | | |
|used as the formal dictionary for the | | | | |
|term. Note : For nouns, the base form is | | | | |
|frequently the nominative singular form | | | | |
|(in languages that show variation by | | | | |
|case). For adjectives it is the positive | | | | |
|form of the adjective, as opposed to the | | | | |
|comparative, fot instance. In some | | | | |
|languages it is uninflected, whereas in | | | | |
|others it is the masculine singular. For | | | | |
|verbs it is generally the infinitive | | | | |
|rather than an inflected form. | | | | |
|( ISO12620A-020803 Sue Ellen Wright ) | | | | |
|Lexeme | | | | |
|GENERAL |English : |French : | | |
|Morpho-syntax |TERM: Lexeme |DEF: Unité minimale de | | |
|DEF: A lexeme is the minimal unit of | |signification appartenant | | |
|language which : - has a semantic | |au lexique. | | |
|interpretation and - embodies a distinct | |( atilf.inalf.fr Tlfi,| | |
|cultural concept. It is made up of one or | |LEXEME ) | | |
|more form-meaning composites called | |TERM: Lexeme | | |
|lexical units. | | | | |
|( | | | | |
|linguistics/GlossaryOfLinguist| | | | |
|icTerms/WhatIsALexeme.htm ) | | | | |
|Locative case | | | | |
|GENERAL |English : |French : |Russian : | |
|Morpho-syntax |DEF: Corresponds vaguely to the |DEF: Les propositions |EX: On | |
|DEF: Indicates a final location of action |preposition "in", "at", or "by" of |subordonnées « locatives »|chital v | |
|or a time of the action. |English. |sont essentiellement des |komnate. | |
|( wiki/Locative_case ) |( wiki/Locative_case |relatives sans antécédent,|(This is | |
| |) |introduites par où ou par |Cyrilic)He | |
| |EXPL: The locative case is found in |là où (Lar. Lang. fr., |read-past in| |
| |some classical Indo-European languages,|s.v. lieu). En partic. |room-loc. | |
| |particularly Sanskrit and Latin. It is |(Cas) locatif et, locatif,|'He was | |
| |in common use in Slavic languages, in |subst. masc. sing. Cas |reading in | |
| |which it is called the prepositional |(dans les langues à |the room.' | |
| |case. It is still found in uncommon, |déclinaisons) ou son | | |
| |archaic or literary use in certain |équivalent (mot, groupe de| | |
| |modern Indian languages (such as |mots dans les autres | | |
| |Marathi in which a separate ablative |langues) indiquant le | | |
| |case has however disappeared). It is |lieu, parfois le temps où | | |
| |still in common use in Baltic |se situe l'action. | | |
| |languages. |( atilf.fr 2.LOCATIF | | |
| |TERM: Locative case |1. ) | | |
| | |TERM: Locatif | | |
|Macron | | | | |
|GENERAL |English : |French : | | |
|Morpho-syntax |TERM: Macron |DEF: élément indicateur. -| | |
|DEF: A mark placed over a long vowel to | |Marqueurs structurels. | | |
|mark quantity. | |Morphèmes grammaticaux | | |
|( | |"affixes, désinences, | | |
|southwestern.edu/~carlg/Latin_Web/glos| |prépositions, ordre des | | |
|sary.html ) | |mots, etc." | | |
| | |( atilf.fr MARQUEUR ) | | |
| | |TERM: Marqueur | | |
|Masculine | | | | |
|GENERAL |English : |French : | | |
|Morpho-syntax |TERM: Masculine |DEF: Genre masculin. Genre| | |
| | |grammatical qui, dans une | | |
| | |classification en deux | | |
| | |genres, s'oppose au | | |
| | |féminin et qui, dans une | | |
| | |classification en trois | | |
| | |genres, s'oppose au | | |
| | |féminin et au neutre | | |
| | |( Ling. 1972 ) | | |
| | |EX: Oeil | | |
| | |TERM: Masculin | | |
|Mood | | | | |
|GENERAL |English : |French : | | |
|Morpho-syntax |TERM: Mood |DEF: En termes de | | |
|VALUE :Participle | |Grammaire, désigne la | | |
|VALUE :Imperative | |Manière dont on envisage | | |
|VALUE :Indicative | |l'action, suivant qu'on la| | |
|VALUE :Subjunctive | |considère comme certaine, | | |
|VALUE :Infinitive | |douteuse, probable, etc. | | |
|VALUE :Conditional | |Mode indicatif, | | |
|VALUE :Interrogative | |subjonctif, conditionnel, | | |
|DEF: The mode or manner in which the | |impératif. Il se dit aussi| | |
|action of a verb is represented. Latin has| |des Formes spéciales qui | | |
|three moods: imperative, indicative, and | |servent à indiquer ces | | |
|subjunctive. | |différentes nuances. | | |
|( | |( zeus.inalf.fr MODE ) | | |
|southwestern.edu/~carlg/Latin_Web/glos| |TERM: Mode | | |
|sary.html ) | | | | |
|Morpheme | | | | |
|GENERAL |English : |French : | | |
|Morpho-syntax |EX: unladylike |DEF: Signe minimal de | | |
|DEF: A morpheme is the smallest meaningful|TERM: Morpheme |nature grammaticale. | | |
|unit in the grammar of a language. | |( atilf.inalf.fr Tlfi,| | |
|( | |MORPHEME, A,1 ) | | |
|linguistics/GlossaryOfLinguist| |TERM: Morpheme | | |
|icTerms/WhatIsAMorpheme.htm ) | | | | |
|Neuter | | | | |
|GENERAL |English : |French : | | |
|Morpho-syntax |TERM: Neuter |DEF: Genre neutre. Dans | | |
| | |certaines langues à trois | | |
| | |genres, genre qui s'oppose| | |
| | |au masculin et au féminin | | |
| | |par des marques formelles;| | |
| | |genre représentant souvent| | |
| | |l'inanimé, un nom d'objet | | |
| | |"en français, on qualifie | | |
| | |de neutres des pronoms | | |
| | |tels que rien, quelque | | |
| | |chose, tout, quoi qui | | |
| | |représentent des inanimés"| | |
| | | | | |
| | |EX: quelque chose | | |
| | |TERM: Neutre | | |
|Nominative case | | | | |
|GENERAL |English : |French : | | |
|Morpho-syntax |EX: I did it |DEF: Cas exprimant la | | |
|DEF: The case used to indicate the subject|TERM: Nominative case |fonction de sujet et | | |
|of a finite verb | |d'attribut du sujet. | | |
|( | |( atilf.inalf.fr Tlfi,| | |
|southwestern.edu/~carlg/Latin_Web/glos| |2.NOMINATIF,D.1, a ) | | |
|sary.html ) | |TERM: Nominatif | | |
|Non-finite | | | | |
|GENERAL |English : | | | |
|Morpho-syntax |DEF: Verb forms without tense | | | |
|VALUE :Infinitive |( | | | |
|VALUE :Participle |ucl.ac.uk/internet-grammar/verbs/xv| | | |
|VALUE :Gerundive |erb3.htm ) | | | |
| |EX: En. infinitive It took courage to | | | |
| |continue after the accident.(En. -ing | | | |
| |form) Leaving home can be very | | | |
| |traumatic. En. past participle Leave | | | |
| |immediately when you are asked to do | | | |
| |so. | | | |
| |TERM: Non-finite | | | |
|Noun | | | | |
|GENERAL |English : |French : | | |
|Morpho-syntax |EX: Spiderman |DEF: Mot ou groupe de mots| | |
|DEF: A word used to express the name of a |TERM: Noun |qui sert à désigner une | | |
|person, place, or thing. See also number, | |réalité concrète ou | | |
|gender, case. A noun has two variables: | |abstraite. | | |
|number and case "gender is given" | |( atilf.inalf.fr Tlfi,| | |
| | |1.NOM ) | | |
| | |TERM: Nom | | |
|Number | | | | |
|GENERAL |English : |French : | | |
|Morpho-syntax |TERM: Number |DEF: Forme donnée au | | |
|VALUE :Singular | |pronom, adjectif, ou | | |
|VALUE :Plural | |participe passé, | | |
|DEF: A grammatical category for the | |correspondant au nombre du| | |
|variation in form of nouns, pronouns, and | |nom representé. | | |
|any words agreeing with them, depending on| |( atilf.inalf.fr Tlfi,| | |
|how many persons or things are referred | |NOMBRE ) | | |
|to, esp. as singular or plural in number | |EX: les | | |
|and in some languages dual or trial. | |TERM: Nombre | | |
|( | | | | |
|english/definition.a| | | | |
|sp?en=number -> 12 ) | | | | |
|Numeral | | | | |
|GENERAL |English : |French : | | |
|Morpho-syntax |TERM: Numeral |DEF: Qui indique un nombre| | |
|GENERIC CONCEPT : Adjective | |ou un rang. Mot, nom | | |
|DEF: A numeral is a word, functioning most| |numéral; adjectif numéral | | |
|typically as an adjective or pronoun, that| |cardinal*, ordinal. Il | | |
|expresses - a number, and - a relation to | |existe également des | | |
|the number, such as one of the following: | |adjectifs numéraux | | |
|* quantity * sequence * frequency * | |multiplicatifs, comme | | |
|fraction | |simple, double, triple, | | |
|( | |quadruple, etc. (Ling. | | |
|linguistics/GlossaryOfLinguist| |1972). | | |
|icTerms/WhatIsANumeral.htm ) | |( atilf.fr NUMERAL B. | | |
| | |) | | |
| | |TERM: Numßral | | |
|Object | | | | |
|GENERAL |English : |French : | | |
|Morpho-syntax |TERM: Object |DEF: Syntagme | | |
|GENERIC CONCEPT : Argument | |prépositionnel constituant| | |
| | |d'un syntagme verbal | | |
| | |comportant déjà un | | |
| | |constituant complément | | |
| | |d'objet principal, lorsque| | |
| | |le noyau de la phrase de | | |
| | |base peut subir une | | |
| | |transformation passive et | | |
| | |le syntagme prépositionnel| | |
| | |une transformation de | | |
| | |détachement accompagnée de| | |
| | |pronominalisation, le | | |
| | |pronom ayant la forme | | |
| | |oblique à la troisième | | |
| | |personne et la forme | | |
| | |tonique aux deux premières| | |
| | | | | |
| | |( d'apr. J. LE GALLIOT, | | |
| | |Description générative et | | |
| | |transformationnelle de la | | |
| | |lang. fr., Paris, Nathan, | | |
| | |1975, p.96 ) | | |
| | |TERM: Objet | | |
|Order | | | | |
|GENERAL |English : |French : | | |
|Morpho-syntax |TERM: Order |DEF: La construction est | | |
|DEF: A state in which all components or | |(...) la première partie | | |
|elements are arranged logically, | |de la syntaxe. Elle en est| | |
|comprehensibly, or naturally | |la plus importante, et | | |
|( | |celle dont l'utilité est | | |
|english/definition.a| |la plus universelle; car | | |
|sp?en=order ) | |il n'y a pas une | | |
| | |circonstance dans le | | |
| | |langage, quel qu'il soit, | | |
| | |où il ne faille pour le | | |
| | |rendre intelligible, | | |
| | |établir un ordre | | |
| | |quelconque entre les | | |
| | |signes qui le composent...| | |
| | |DESTUTT DE TR., Idéol. 2, | | |
| | |1803, p.171. Dans une | | |
| | |langue donnée, quand il | | |
| | |existe une certaine | | |
| | |liberté dans l'ordre des | | |
| | |mots, on parle d'ordre | | |
| | |grammatical ou ordre | | |
| | |canonique pour celui qui | | |
| | |est le plus conforme aux | | |
| | |règles générales de la | | |
| | |langue; d'ordre logique | | |
| | |pour celui qui paraît | | |
| | |conforme à la démarche | | |
| | |supposée de la pensée; | | |
| | |d'ordre psychologique pour| | |
| | |celui qui résulte de | | |
| | |l'état d'esprit de celui | | |
| | |qui parle (Ling. 1972). | | |
| | |( atilf.fr 1.ORDRE | | |
| | |B.1, b) ) | | |
| | |TERM: Ordre | | |
|Ordinal numeral | | | | |
|GENERAL |English : |French : | | |
|Morpho-syntax |TERM: Ordinal numeral |DEF: [En parlant d'un adj.| | |
|GENERIC CONCEPT : Numeral | |numéral] Qui exprime le | | |
|DEF: An ordinal numeral is a numeral | |rang d'un élément dans un | | |
|belonging to a class whose members | |ensemble. Sauf premier et | | |
|designate positions in a sequence. | |second, les adjectifs | | |
|( | |numéraux ordinaux se | | |
|linguistics/GlossaryOfLinguist| |forment à partir des | | |
|icTerms/WhatIsAOrdinalNumeral.htm ) | |numéraux cardinaux par | | |
| | |l'adjonction du suffixe | | |
| | |-ième: Huit = huitième. | | |
| | |Dix = dixième. Cent = | | |
| | |centième (WAGNER-PINCHON | | |
| | |1962, p.108). | | |
| | |( atilf.fr ORDINAL I.A| | |
| | |) | | |
| | |TERM: Ordinal | | |
|Paradigm | | | | |
|GENERAL |English : |French : | | |
|Morpho-syntax |TERM: Paradigm |DEF: Ensemble des formes | | |
|DEF: A model or pattern which contains all| |que peut prendre un | | |
|inflectional variations of a given word. | |élément "généralement un | | |
|( | |mot" | | |
|southwestern.edu/~carlg/Latin_Web/glos| |( atilf.fr PARADIGME )| | |
|sary.html ) | | | | |
| | |TERM: Paradigme | | |
|Participle | | | | |
|GENERAL |English : |French : | | |
|Morpho-syntax |EX: The screaming person drove us crazy|DEF: Adjectif ainsi nommé | | |
|DEF: A verbal adjective. Participles have | |parce que les grammairiens| | |
|five variables: as an adjective, they have|TERM: Participle |anciens le considéraient | | |
|number, gender, and case; as a verb, they | |comme participant d'une | | |
|have tense and voice. | |part de la catégorie des | | |
|( | |noms en ce qu'il peut | | |
|southwestern.edu/~carlg/Latin_Web/glos| |comme l'adjectif être | | |
|sary.html ) | |fléchi, d'autre part de la| | |
| | |catégorie des verbes en ce| | |
| | |qu'il peut éventuellement | | |
| | |exprimer le temps et la | | |
| | |voix et être doué de | | |
| | |rection | | |
| | |( MAR. Lex. 1951 ) | | |
| | |TERM: Participe | | |
|Particle | | | | |
|GENERAL |English : |French : | | |
|Morpho-syntax |EX: up (in set up) |DEF: Mot-outil très court,| | |
|DEF: A particle is a word that : - does |TERM: Particle |souvent monosyllabique, | | |
|not belong to one of the main classes of | |invariable (morphème non | | |
|words - is invariable in form, and - | |autonome, monème | | |
|typically has grammatical or pragmatic | |grammatical) - Mot-outil | | |
|meaning. | |servant à modifier le sens| | |
|( | |d'un mot principal (p.ex. | | |
|linguistics/GlossaryOfLinguist| |les préfixes) - Mot-outil | | |
|icTerms/WhatIsAParticle.htm ) | |servant à établir un | | |
| | |rapport grammatical entre | | |
| | |des mots ou des (membres | | |
| | |de) phrases (p.ex. les | | |
| | |conjonctions, les adverbes| | |
| | |négatifs, les | | |
| | |prépositions). Particule | | |
| | |de liaison (synon. | | |
| | |conjonction de | | |
| | |coordination); particule | | |
| | |conjonctive, copulative, | | |
| | |affirmative, négative, | | |
| | |adversative, disjonctive, | | |
| | |restrictive. Les mots | | |
| | |composés (...) où entre la| | |
| | |particule in, négative | | |
| | |lorsqu'elle est synonyme | | |
| | |de non (BERN. DE ST-P., | | |
| | |Harm. nat., 1814, p.270) | | |
| | |( atilf.fr 1.PARTICULE| | |
| | |) | | |
| | |TERM: Particule | | |
|Partitive | | | | |
|GENERAL |English : |fr(Code langue) |Finnish : | |
|Morpho-syntax |TERM: Partitive |DEF: Qui exprime |EX: In | |
|DEF: The basic meaning is "partialness". | |l'opposition de la partie |Finnish, | |
|( wiki/Partitive_case ) | |au tout. Adjectif, |partitive | |
| | |substantif partitif; |case is used| |
| | |génitif partitif. |in the | |
| | |( atilf.fr PARTITIF |following | |
| | |Gramm. ) |circumstance| |
| | |TERM: Partitif |s, with the | |
| | | |characterist| |
| | | |ic ending of| |
| | | |"a" or "ta":| |
| | | |After | |
| | | |numbers: | |
| | | |"kolme | |
| | | |taloa" | |
| | | |"three | |
| | | |houses" For | |
| | | |incomplete | |
| | | |actions and | |
| | | |ongoing | |
| | | |processes: | |
| | | |"luen | |
| | | |kirjaa" "I'm| |
| | | |reading a | |
| | | |book" After | |
| | | |certain | |
| | | |verbs, | |
| | | |particularly| |
| | | |those | |
| | | |indicating | |
| | | |emotions: | |
| | | |"rakastan | |
| | | |tätä taloa" | |
| | | |"I love this| |
| | | |house" For | |
| | | |tentative | |
| | | |enquiries: | |
| | | |"saanko | |
| | | |lainata | |
| | | |kirjaa?" | |
| | | |"can I | |
| | | |borrow the | |
| | | |book?" In | |
| | | |places where| |
| | | |English | |
| | | |would use | |
| | | |"some" or | |
| | | |"any": "onko| |
| | | |teillä | |
| | | |kirjoja?" | |
| | | |"do you have| |
| | | |any books?" | |
| | | |For negative| |
| | | |statements: | |
| | | |"talossa ei | |
| | | |ole kirjaa" | |
| | | |"there is | |
| | | |not a book | |
| | | |in the | |
| | | |house" | |
|Part of speech | | | | |
|GENERAL |English : |French : | | |
|Morpho-syntax |DEF: Noun, pronoun, verb, preposition, |DEF: Catégorie servant à | | |
|VALUE :Possessive pronoun |adjective, adverb, participle, gerund, |classer les mots du point | | |
|VALUE :Possessive noun |gerundive, expletive, interjection, |de vue du sens et de | | |
|VALUE :Reflexive pronoun |conjunction, etc. |l'emploi grammatical. | | |
|VALUE :Relative Pronoun |( |( atilf.inalf.fr Tlfi,| | |
|VALUE :Noun |southwestern.edu/~carlg/Latin_Web/g|PARTIE DU DISCOURS ) | | |
|VALUE :Pronoun |lossary.html ) |TERM: Partie du discours | | |
|VALUE :Proper noun |TERM: Part of speech | | | |
|VALUE :Verb frame | | | | |
|VALUE :Preposition | | | | |
|VALUE :Adjective | | | | |
|VALUE :Adverb | | | | |
|VALUE :Participle | | | | |
|VALUE :Gerundive | | | | |
|VALUE :Expletive | | | | |
|VALUE :Interjection | | | | |
|VALUE :Conjugation | | | | |
|VALUE :Conjunction | | | | |
|VALUE :Coordinating conjunction | | | | |
|VALUE :Subordinating conjunction | | | | |
|VALUE :Abbreviation | | | | |
|VALUE :Symbol | | | | |
|VALUE :Residual | | | | |
|Passive voice | | | | |
|GENERAL |English : |French : | | |
|Morpho-syntax |EX: My lunch was eaten by them |DEF: [En parlant d'une | | |
|DEF: A verb voice, in which the subject is|TERM: Passive voice |forme verbale] Qui | | |
|the recipient of the action of the verb. | |présente l'action comme | | |
|The agent "if a person" | |étant subie par le sujet | | |
| | |grammatical au lieu d'être| | |
| | |faite par lui. | | |
| | |( atilf.inalf.fr-> | | |
| | |Tlfi, 2.PASSIF C.1,a ) | | |
| | |TERM: Passif | | |
|Past | | | | |
|GENERAL |English : |French : | | |
|Morpho-syntax |DEF: denoting any of various tenses of |DEF: Le passé englobe tous| | |
|DEF: Past tense is an absolute tense that |verbs that are used in describing |les temps qui réfèrent | | |
|refers to a time before the moment of |actions, events, or states that have |effectivement à une époque| | |
|utterance. |been begun or completed at the time of |révolue par rapport au | | |
|( |utterance |moment de l'énoncé du | | |
|linguistics/GlossaryOfLinguist|( |locuteur pris comme | | |
|icTerms/WhatIsPastTense.htm ) |english/definitio|origine. En français on | | |
| |n.asp?en=past ) |distingue, d'après leur | | |
| |TERM: Past |forme et leur | | |
| | |signification, un passé | | |
| | |simple ou défini | | |
| | |(J'attendis), un passé | | |
| | |composé ou indéfini (J'ai | | |
| | |attendu), un passé | | |
| | |antérieur (J'eus attendu),| | |
| | |deux passés du | | |
| | |conditionnel (J'aurais | | |
| | |attendu, J'eusse attendu),| | |
| | |un subjonctif passé (Que | | |
| | |j'aie attendu), un | | |
| | |participe passé (Attendu),| | |
| | |un infinitif passé (Avoir | | |
| | |attendu), voire un | | |
| | |impératif passé (Aie fini | | |
| | |d'ici une heure).MOUNIN | | |
| | |1974. | | |
| | |( atilf.fr PASSE | | |
| | |A.3.b) ) | | |
| | |TERM: Passé | | |
|Past perfect | | | | |
|GENERAL |English : | | | |
|Morpho-syntax |DEF: denoting a tense of verbs used in | | | |
|DEF: Past perfect tense is an |relating past events where the action | | | |
|absolute-relative tense that refers to a |had already occurred at the time of the| | | |
|time in the past relative to a reference |action of a main verb that is itself in| | | |
|point, which itself is in the past |a past tense. In English this is a | | | |
|relative to the moment of utterance |compound tense formed with had plus the| | | |
|( |past participle | | | |
|linguistics/GlossaryOfLinguist|( | | | |
|icTerms/WhatIsPastPerfectTense.htm ) |english/definitio| | | |
|EX: The ?had + verb? construction |n.asp?en=past+perfect ) | | | |
|expresses past perfect tense, as in the |TERM: Past perfect | | | |
|following sentence: - By that time, nearly| | | | |
|everyone had left. The construction had | | | | |
|left is in the past relative to that time,| | | | |
|which itself is in the past relative to | | | | |
|the moment of utterance | | | | |
|Perfect | | | | |
|GENERAL |English : |French : | | |
|Morpho-syntax |EX: She praised |DEF: Dans certaines | | |
|DEF: A verb tense that refers to completed|TERM: Perfect |langues "en particulier en| | |
|action in the past. It corresponds to | |grec ancien" | | |
|three English tenses. | |TERM: Parfait | | |
|( | | | | |
|southwestern.edu/~carlg/Latin_Web/glos| | | | |
|sary.html ) | | | | |
|Perfective aspect | | | | |
|GENERAL |English : | | | |
|Morpho-syntax |DEF: Perfective aspect is an aspect | | | |
|GENERIC CONCEPT : Aspect |that expresses a temporal view of an | | | |
| |event or state as a simple whole, apart| | | |
| |from the consideration of the internal | | | |
| |structure of the time in which it | | | |
| |occurs. | | | |
| |( | | | |
| |ww.linguistics/GlossaryOfLingui| | | |
| |sticTerms/WhatIsPerfectiveAspect.htm ) | | | |
| |EX: He walked there.This type of | | | |
| |construction expresses a temporal view | | | |
| |of walk distinct from those expressed | | | |
| |in the following constructions: - He | | | |
| |was walking there. - He used to walk | | | |
| |there | | | |
| |TERM: Perfective aspect | | | |
|Person | | | | |
|GENERAL |English : |French : | | |
|Morpho-syntax |EX: you |DEF: Catégorie | | |
|VALUE :First person |TERM: Person |grammaticale marquant le | | |
|VALUE :Second person | |rapport à celui qui parle,| | |
|VALUE :Third person | |à celui à qui on parle, à | | |
|DEF: First, second, or third, indicated in| |celui ci) | | |
|Latin by a verb ending. | |( atilf.fr 1.PERSONNE | | |
|( | |) | | |
|southwestern.edu/~carlg/Latin_Web/glos| |TERM: Personne | | |
|sary.html ) | | | | |
|Pluperfect | | | | |
|GENERAL |English : |French : | | |
|Morpho-syntax |EX: They had praised |DEF: Temps composé du | | |
|DEF: A verb tense taht refers to action or|TERM: Pluperfect |verbe servant à exprimer | | |
|state of being completed before some other| |l'aspect accompli et | | |
|event in the past. Its translation into | |l'antériorité d'une action| | |
|English requres the use of the auxiliariy | |passée par rapport à une | | |
|verb had. | |autre action passée. | | |
|( | |( atilf.inalf.fr Tlfi,| | |
|southwestern.edu/~carlg/Latin_Web/glos| |PLUS-QUE-PARFAIT ) | | |
|sary.html ) | |TERM: Plus que parfait | | |
|Plural | | | | |
|GENERAL |English : |French : | | |
|Morpho-syntax |TERM: Plural |DEF: Terme de Grammaire | | |
|DEF: Catégorie grammaticale traduisant par| |qui sert à marquer qu'il | | |
|des marques linguistiques la pluralité des| |s'agit de plusieurs | | |
|êtres ou des choses; nombre pluriel. | |personnes ou de plusieurs | | |
|( atilf.inalf.fr Tlfi, PLURIEL, II,a )| |choses; il est opposé à | | |
| | |Singulier. Nombre pluriel.| | |
| | |Substantif, adjectif | | |
| | |pluriel. Terminaison | | |
| | |plurielle. | | |
| | |( zeus.inalf.fr PLURIEL ) | | |
| | |TERM: Pluriel | | |
|Possessive | | | | |
|GENERAL |English : |French : | | |
|Morpho-syntax |TERM: Possessive |DEF: Déterminant personnel| | |
|GENERIC CONCEPT : Adjective | |exprimant, entre autres | | |
|DEF: Denoting an inflected form of a noun | |rapports, la possession | | |
|or pronoun used to convey the idea of | |(ex. mon, ma, mes). On | | |
|possession, association, etc., as my or | |doit employer le | | |
|Harry's | |possessif, non l'article | | |
|( | |défini, quand il faut | | |
|english/definition.a| |éviter l'équivoque, quand | | |
|sp?en=possessive ) | |on parle d'un mal bien | | |
| | |connu ou quand le nom est | | |
| | |accompagné d'une épithète | | |
| | |ou d'un complément. | | |
| | |( atilf.fr POSSESSIF )| | |
| | | | | |
| | |TERM: Possessif | | |
|Possessive noun | | | | |
|GENERAL |English : |French : | | |
|Morpho-syntax |TERM: Possessive noun |TERM: Nom possessif | | |
|GENERIC CONCEPT : Noun | | | | |
|DEF: A possessive noun is a noun that | | | | |
|expresses possession. | | | | |
|( | | | | |
|linguistics/GlossaryOfLinguist| | | | |
|icTerms/WhatIsAPossessiveNoun.htm ) | | | | |
|Possessive pronoun | | | | |
|GENERAL |English : |French : | | |
|Morpho-syntax |TERM: Possessive pronoun |DEF: Pronom exprimant | | |
|GENERIC CONCEPT : Pronoun | |entre autres rapports, la | | |
|DEF: A possessive pronoun is a pronoun | |possession (ex. le mien, | | |
|that expresses ownership and relationships| |la mienne; les miens, les | | |
|like ownership, such as - kinship, and - | |miennes): Les pronoms | | |
|other forms of association. | |possessifs ne représentent| | |
|( | |pas toujours des noms | | |
|linguistics/GlossaryOfLinguist| |précédemment énoncés; Ils | | |
|icTerms/WhatIsAPossessivePronoun.htm ) | |prennent parfois par | | |
| | |eux-mêmes le sens d'un nom| | |
| | |particulier et désignent :| | |
| | |Au masculin pluriel: des | | |
| | |parents, des amis. | | |
| | |( atilf.fr POSSESSIF )| | |
| | | | | |
| | |TERM: Pronom possessif | | |
|Postposition | | | | |
|GENERAL |English : |French : |Hungarian : |Korean|Japane|
|Morpho-syntax |TERM: Postposition |DEF: - Place d'un terme |EX: |: |se : |
|GENERIC CONCEPT : Adposition | |après un autre avec lequel|Hungarian: |EX: |EX: |
|DEF: The equivalent of a preposition in | |il forme un groupe |kutya nélkl |Korean|Japane|
|languages where the preposition appears | |syntagmatique, lexical. |dog without |: |se: |
|after the noun. | |Anton. antéposition. | |Hanguk|doko |
|( wiki/postposition ) | |Postposition du sujet (par| |e to |ni |
| | |rapport au verbe) dans les| |Korea |where |
| | |phrases interrogatives. | | |at, |
| | |Maspéro distingue la règle| | |doko e|
| | |d'antéposition qui marque | | |where |
| | |un rapport de déterminant | | |to |
| | |à déterminé, et la règle | | | |
| | |de postposition qui marque| | | |
| | |un rapport de direction | | | |
| | |(Philos., Relig., 1957, | | | |
| | |p.38-4). - Dans certaines | | | |
| | |langues, morphème ou | | | |
| | |particule invariable | | | |
| | |placé(e) après ou à la fin| | | |
| | |du terme qu'il régit. | | | |
| | |Anton. préposition. Les | | | |
| | |mots latins causa et | | | |
| | |gratia sont des | | | |
| | |postpositions qui suivent | | | |
| | |le nom au génitif qu'elles| | | |
| | |régissent (Ling. 1972). | | | |
| | |( atilf.fr | | | |
| | |1.POSTPOSITION ) | | | |
| | |TERM: Postposition | | | |
|Predicate | | | | | |
|GENERAL |English : |French : | | | |
|Morpho-syntax |TERM: Predicate |DEF: En un sens (...) | | | |
|DEF: The verb and the part of the sentence| |restreint, le mot désigne | | | |
|that comes after the verb. | |spécialement le prédicat | | | |
|( | |de la phrase nominale, | | | |
|southwestern.edu/~carlg/Latin_Web/glos| |composé éventuellement | | | |
|sary.html ) | |d'un verbe attributif et | | | |
| | |de son attribut (le jour | | | |
| | |paraît long...). En un | | | |
| | |sens plus restreint encore| | | |
| | |(...), il désigne | | | |
| | |l'attribut à l'exclusion | | | |
| | |du verbe attributif (long | | | |
| | |dans l'exemple qui | | | |
| | |précède)`` (MAR. Lex. | | | |
| | |1933, p.149). | | | |
| | |( atilf.fr PREDICAT ) | | | |
| | |TERM: Predicat | | | |
|Predicate adjective | | | | | |
|GENERAL |English : |French : | | | |
|Morpho-syntax |DEF: The part of a sentence in which |TERM: Adjectif prédicat | | | |
|DEF: An adjective that follows a linking |something is asserted or denied of the | | | | |
|verb "e.g. is, seems" |subject of a sentence; one of the two | | | | |
| |major components of a sentence, the | | | | |
| |other being the subject. "as modifier" | | | | |
| |EX: The man is tall | | | | |
| |TERM: Predicate adjective | | | | |
|Predicat pronoun | | | | | |
|GENERAL |English : |French : | | | |
|Morpho-syntax |EX: Quintus is a farmer |TERM: Pronom prédicat | | | |
|GENERIC CONCEPT : Pronoun |TERM: Predicat pronoun | | | | |
|DEF: A noun or pronoun which follows a | | | | | |
|linking verb and which is the same as the | | | | | |
|subject. | | | | | |
|( | | | | | |
|southwestern.edu/~carlg/Latin_Web/glos| | | | | |
|sary.html ) | | | | | |
|Predicative adjective | | | | | |
|GENERAL |English : |French : | | | |
|Morpho-syntax |DEF: A predicate adjective is an |DEF: Fonction grammaticale| | | |
|GENERIC CONCEPT : Grammatical function |adjective that is used to predicate an |d'un adjectif ou d'un | | | |
|DEF: A predicative adjective comes after a|attribute of the subject. |substantif relié à un | | | |
|copula verb and not before a noun |( |substantif par le verbe | | | |
|( |linguistics/GlossaryOfLingu|être ou un verbe | | | |
|glossary/predicative-|isticTerms/WhatIsAPredicateAdjective.ht|équivalent (dit " verbe | | | |
|adjective.html ) |m ) |attributif ") | | | |
| |EX: Here are some examples of predicate|( atilf.inalf.fr/ ATTRIBUT| | | |
| |adjectives: - Roses are red. Noses |) | | | |
| |often become red. |EX: Malade dans Il est | | | |
| |TERM: Predicative adjective |malade, Il devient malade,| | | |
| | |est un attribut. Il y | | | |
| | |aussi des attributs de | | | |
| | |compléments d'objet. Dans | | | |
| | |Je le crois riche, Riche | | | |
| | |est l'attribut de le. | | | |
| | |TERM: Attribut | | | |
|Prefix | | | | | |
|GENERAL |English : |French : | | | |
|Morpho-syntax |TERM: Prefix |DEF: Affixe placé à | | | |
|GENERIC CONCEPT : Affix | |l'initiale d'une unité | | | |
|DEF: A prefix is an affix that is joined | |lexicale, précédant le | | | |
|before a root or stem. | |radical "p.ex. défaire" | | | |
|( | |( atilf.fr AFFIXE ) | | | |
|linguistics/GlossaryOfLinguist| |TERM: Prefixe | | | |
|icTerms/WhatIsAPrefix.htm ) | | | | | |
|DEF: A syllable or syllables added to a | | | | | |
|word to change its meaning. | | | | | |
|( Sue Ellen Wright ) | | | | | |
|Preposition | | | | | |
|GENERAL |English : |French : | | | |
|Morpho-syntax |EX: into the woods |DEF: Partie du discours | | | |
|GENERIC CONCEPT : Adposition |TERM: Preposition |invariable qui, placée | | | |
|DEF: A word placed before a noun or | |devant un élément à valeur| | | |
|pronoun which is used to indicate | |nominale subst. pour | | | |
|position, direction, time, or some other | |Pierre; pron. pour lui; | | | |
|abstract relation. | |adv. pour aujourd'hui, | | | |
|( | |syntagme inf. pour le | | | |
|southwestern.edu/~carlg/Latin_Web/glos| |retrouver; prop. conj. | | | |
|sary.html ) | |pour qu'elle retrouve" | | | |
| | |( atilf.fr PREPOSITION| | | |
| | |) | | | |
| | |TERM: Preposition | | | |
|Present | | | | | |
|GENERAL |English : |French : | | | |
|Morpho-syntax |EX: He praises |DEF: Cette fraction de la | | | |
|DEF: A verb tense that indicates action or|TERM: Present |durée en tant que l'on y | | | |
|state of being in the present. The Latin | |situe l'action ou l'état | | | |
|present tense corresponds to three English| |exprimés par le verbe. Le | | | |
|tenses. | |présent, dans le discours | | | |
|( | |( atilf.fr PRESENT ) | | | |
|southwestern.edu/~carlg/Latin_Web/glos| |TERM: Present | | | |
|sary.html ) | | | | | |
|Prolative | | | | | |
|GENERAL |English : |Finnish : | | | |
|Morpho-syntax |DEF: Has the basic meaning of "by way |EXPL: In Finnish prolative| | | |
| |of". |case is only found in a | | | |
| |( wiki/Prolative_case|few "fossilised" forms but| | | |
| |) |it is alive and well known| | | |
| |EX: The most used Finnish examples are |in Estonian | | | |
| |"postitse" "by post", "puhelimitse" -> | | | | |
| |"by phone", and "meritse" -> "by sea". | | | | |
| |TERM: Prolative | | | | |
|Pronominal | | | | | |
|GENERAL |English : |fr(Code langue) | | | |
|Morpho-syntax |TERM: Pronominal |DEF: Verbe qui se conjugue| | | |
|EXPL: The term pronominal is also used as | |avec un pronom personnel | | | |
|an adjective to mean "of, constituting, or| |de la même personne que le| | | |
|resembling a pronoun." | |sujet ce qui entraîne | | | |
|DEF: A pronominal is a phrase that | |l'emploi de l'auxiliaire | | | |
|functions as a pronoun | |être aux temps composés. | | | |
|( | |( atilf.fr PRONOMINAL | | | |
|linguistics/GlossaryOfLinguist| |B. ) | | | |
|icTerms/WhatIsAPronominal.htm ) | |TERM: Pronominal | | | |
|Pronoun | | | | | |
|GENERAL |English : |French : | | | |
|Morpho-syntax |EX: She |DEF: Terme de Grammaire. | | | |
|DEF: A word used in place of a noun. A |TERM: Pronoun |Celle des parties du | | | |
|pronoun agrees with its antecedent in | |discours qui tient ou qui | | | |
|number, gender, and case. A pronoun has | |est censée tenir la place | | | |
|three variables: number, gender, and case.| |du nom. Pronom personnel. | | | |
| | |Pronom démonstratif. | | | |
|( | |Pronom relatif. Moi, toi, | | | |
|southwestern.edu/~carlg/Latin_Web/glos| |lui, eux, etc., sont des | | | |
|sary.html ) | |pronoms personnels. | | | |
| | |( zeus.inalf.fr PRONOM ) | | | |
| | |TERM: Pronom | | | |
|Proper noun | | | | | |
|GENERAL |English : |French : | | | |
|Morpho-syntax |EX: New York city |TERM: nom propre | | | |
|DEF: A proper noun is a noun that is the |TERM: Proper noun | | | | |
|name of a specific individual, place, or | | | | | |
|object. | | | | | |
|( | | | | | |
|linguistics/GlossaryOfLinguist| | | | | |
|icTerms/WhatIsAProperNoun.htm ) | | | | | |
|Punctuation | | | | | |
|GENERAL |English : | | | | |
|Morpho-syntax |TERM: Punctuation | | | | |
|DEF: Punctuation marks are (perhaps | | | | | |
|surprisingly) treated here as a part of | | | | | |
|morphosyntactic annotation, as it is very | | | | | |
|common for punctuation marks to be tagged | | | | | |
|and to be treated as equivalent to words | | | | | |
|for the purposes of automatic tag | | | | | |
|assignment | | | | | |
|( | | | | | |
|r.it/EAGLES96/annotate/node16.ht| | | | | |
|ml#cmobli ) | | | | | |
|Qualifier | | | | | |
|GENERAL |English : |French : | | | |
|Morpho-syntax |TERM: Qualifier |DEF: Élément caractérisant| | | |
|GENERIC CONCEPT : Adjective | |qui, placé à côté d'un | | | |
|DEF: Also called MODIFIER : A word or | |élément générique ou d'un | | | |
|phrase that qualifies the sense of another| |appellatif exprime une | | | |
|word; for example, the noun alarm is a | |qualité, une manière | | | |
|modifier of clock in alarm clock and the | |d'être physique ou morale | | | |
|phrase every day is an adverbial modifier | |de la personne, de | | | |
|of walks in he walks every day | |l'animal, ou de la chose | | | |
|( | |représentée par le nom | | | |
|english/definition.a| |(qui se trouve ainsi | | | |
|sp?en=modifier ) | |qualifié) (d'apr. G. | | | |
| | |MAUGER, Gramm. prat. du | | | |
| | |fr. d'auj., Paris, | | | |
| | |Hachette, 1968, p. 31). | | | |
| | |( atilf.fr | | | |
| | |QUALIFICATIF I.B. ) | | | |
| | |TERM: Qualificatif | | | |
|Referent | | | | | |
|GENERAL |English : |French : | | | |
|Morpho-syntax |TERM: Referent |DEF: Ce à quoi le signe | | | |
|DEF: A referent is the concrete object or | |linguistique renvoie soit | | | |
|concept that an expression represents. | |dans la réalité | | | |
|( | |extra-linguistique ou | | | |
|linguistics/GlossaryOfLinguist| |univers réel, soit dans un| | | |
|icTerms/WhatIsAReferent.htm ) | |univers imaginaire | | | |
| | |( Lang. 1973 ) | | | |
| | |TERM: Referent | | | |
|Reflexive adjective | | | | | |
|GENERAL |English : |French : | | | |
|Morpho-syntax |EX: The groundhog saw his own shadow |TERM: Adjectif Reflechi | | | |
|GENERIC CONCEPT : Adjective |TERM: Reflexive adjective | | | | |
|DEF: An adjective that refers to the | | | | | |
|subject of the sentence. | | | | | |
|( | | | | | |
|southwestern.edu/~carlg/Latin_Web/glos| | | | | |
|sary.html ) | | | | | |
|Reflexive pronoun | | | | | |
|GENERAL |English : |French : | | | |
|Morpho-syntax |TERM: Reflexive pronoun |DEF: Pronom personnel | | | |
|GENERIC CONCEPT : Pronoun | |représentant en fonction | | | |
|DEF: A pronoun that refers to he subject | |de complément direct ou | | | |
|of the sentence, translated into English | |indirect" | | | |
|with the suffix -self, -selves. | |TERM: Pronom Reflechi | | | |
|( | | | | | |
|southwestern.edu/~carlg/Latin_Web/glos| | | | | |
|sary.html ) | | | | | |
|Relative pronoun | | | | | |
|GENERAL |English : |French : | | | |
|Morpho-syntax |EX: The man whom we saw is tall |TERM: Pronom Relatif | | | |
|GENERIC CONCEPT : Pronoun |TERM: Relative pronoun | | | | |
|DEF: A pronoun which introduces a relative| | | | | |
|clause. The relative pronoun agrees with | | | | | |
|its antecedent in number and gender, while| | | | | |
|its case comes from its use in its own | | | | | |
|clause. | | | | | |
|( | | | | | |
|southwestern.edu/~carlg/Latin_Web/glos| | | | | |
|sary.html ) | | | | | |
|Reported mood | | | | | |
|GENERAL |English : | | | | |
|Morpho-syntax |TERM: Reported mood | | | | |
|Residual | | | | | |
|GENERAL |English : | | | | |
|Morpho-syntax |DEF: The residual value is assigned to | | | | |
| |classes of textword which lie outside | | | | |
| |the traditionally accepted range of | | | | |
| |grammatical classes, although they | | | | |
| |occur quite commonly in many texts and | | | | |
| |very commonly in some. For example: | | | | |
| |foreign words, or mathematical | | | | |
| |formulae. It can be argued that these | | | | |
| |are on the fringes of the grammar or | | | | |
| |lexicon of the language in which the | | | | |
| |text is written. Nevertheless, they | | | | |
| |need to be tagged. | | | | |
| |( | | | | |
| |r.it/EAGLES96/annotate/node16| | | | |
| |.html#cmobli ) | | | | |
| |TERM: Residual | | | | |
|Root | | | | | |
|GENERAL |English : |French : | | | |
|Morpho-syntax |EX: Establishment |DEF: Elle désigne, en | | | |
| |TERM: Root |termes de Grammaire, un | | | |
| | |Mot primitif, d'oÙ | | | |
| | |dérivent d'autres mots. Le| | | |
| | |mot Front en français est | | | |
| | |la racine des mots | | | |
| | |Frontal, Frontière, | | | |
| | |Frontispice, Affronter, | | | |
| | |Effronté, etc... | | | |
| | |Aujourd'hui, dans l'usage | | | |
| | |des grammairiens, il | | | |
| | |désigne plutot le | | | |
| | |Monosyllabe ou le | | | |
| | |dissyllabe auquel on | | | |
| | |arrive quand on dépouille | | | |
| | |un mot des préfixes, des | | | |
| | |suffixes et des flexions. | | | |
| | |( zeus.inalf.fr RACINE ) | | | |
| | |TERM: Racine | | | |
|Second person | | | | | |
|GENERAL |English : |French : | | | |
|Morpho-syntax |DEF: a grammatical category of pronouns|DEF: La deuxième personne | | | |
|DEF: Second person deixis is deictic |and verbs used when referring to or |(tu, toi, te, ton) renvoie| | | |
|reference to a person or persons |describing the individual or |à l'interlocuteur | | | |
|identified as addressee. |individuals being addressed |( atilf.fr DEUXIEME | | | |
|( |( |PERSONNE Gramm. ) | | | |
|linguistics/GlossaryOfLinguist|english/definitio|TERM: Deuxième personne | | | |
|icTerms/WhatIsSecondPersonDeixis.htm ) |n.asp?en=second+person ) | | | | |
| |TERM: Second person | | | | |
|Semantic role | | | | | |
|GENERAL |English : |French : | | | |
|Morpho-syntax |TERM: Semantic role |TERM: Role sémantique | | | |
|DEF: A semantic role is the underlying | | | | | |
|relationship that a participant has with | | | | | |
|the main verb in a clause. Also known as: | | | | | |
|Semantic case, thematic role, theta role | | | | | |
|"generative grammar" | | | | | |
|Sentence | | | | | |
|GENERAL |English : |French : | | | |
|Morpho-syntax |DEF: A sentence is a grammatical unit |DEF: Assemblage de mots, | | | |
|DEF: A sequence of words capable of |that is composed of one or more |grammaticalement cohérent,| | | |
|standing alone to make an assertion, ask a|clauses. |marqué par une intonation | | | |
|question, or give a command, usually |( |ou une mélodie spécifique,| | | |
|consisting of a subject and a predicate |linguistics/GlossaryOfLingu|encadré de pauses (à | | | |
|containing a finite verb. |isticTerms/WhatIsASentence.htm ) |l'écrit, de signes de | | | |
|( |EX: I am reading a book |ponctuation forte: point, | | | |
|english/definition.a|TERM: Sentence |point d'interrogation, | | | |
|sp?en=sentence ) | |point d'exclamation), que | | | |
| | |le locuteur considère | | | |
| | |comme produisant un sens | | | |
| | |complet (assertif, | | | |
| | |interrogatif ou | | | |
| | |injonctif). | | | |
| | |( atilf.fr PHRASE B. )| | | |
| | | | | | |
| | |TERM: Phrase | | | |
|Singular | | | | | |
|GENERAL |English : |French : | | | |
|Morpho-syntax |EX: eat |DEF: Catégorie | | | |
|DEF: En termes de Grammaire, Nombre |TERM: Singular |grammaticale traduisant la| | | |
|singulier ou substantivement Singulier, | |singularité dans les noms | | | |
|par opposition à Pluriel, Nombre qui ne | |comptables "table opposé à| | | |
|marque qu'une seule personne, qu'une seule| |tables" | | | |
|chose. | |TERM: Singulier | | | |
|( zeus.inalf.fr SINGULIER ) | | | | | |
|Stem | | | | | |
|GENERAL |English : |French : | | | |
|Morpho-syntax |EX: The verbs tie and untie are both |TERM: Stem | | | |
|DEF: A stem is the root or roots of a |stems | | | | |
|word, together with any derivational |TERM: Stem | | | | |
|affixes, to which inflectional affixes are| | | | | |
|added. | | | | | |
|( | | | | | |
|linguistics/GlossaryOfLinguist| | | | | |
|icTerms/WhatIsAStem.htm ) | | | | | |
|Subject | | | | | |
|GENERAL |English : |French : | | | |
|Morpho-syntax |DEF: The noun or pronoun that, with all|TERM: Sujet | | | |
|GENERIC CONCEPT : Argument |of its modifiers, immediately precedes | | | | |
|DEF: A word, phrase, or formal expression |the verb. He Is defined entierely in | | | | |
|about which something is predicated or |terms of position. | | | | |
|stated in a sentence; for example, the cat|( | | | | |
|in the sentence The cat catches mice. |southwestern.edu/~carlg/Latin_Web/g| | | | |
|( |lossary.html ) | | | | |
|english/definition.a|EX: Socrate | | | | |
|sp?en=subject ) |TERM: Subject | | | | |
|Subjunctive | | | | | |
|GENERAL |English : |French : | | | |
|Morpho-syntax |EX: Long live the king |DEF: Mode du verbe qui | | | |
|DEF: A verb mood that suggests |TERM: Subjunctive |sert à exprimer une action| | | |
|possibility, wish, contrary-to-fact | |ou un état dépendant d'une| | | |
|condition, etc. "as opposed to a fact or | |autre action ou d'un autre| | | |
|an order" | |état, et qui par suite est| | | |
| | |surtout employé dans une | | | |
| | |proposition subordonnée. | | | |
| | |( zeus.inalf.fr SUBJONCTIF| | | |
| | |) | | | |
| | |TERM: Subjonctif | | | |
|Subordinating conjunction | | | | | |
|GENERAL |English : |French : | | | |
|Morpho-syntax |EX: Listen when I speak to you |DEF: Mot invariable qui | | | |
|GENERIC CONCEPT : Conjunction |TERM: Subordinating conjunction |introduit une proposition | | | |
|DEF: A subordinating conjunction is a | |subordonnée en la mettant | | | |
|conjunction that links constructions by | |en dépendance syntaxique | | | |
|making one of them a constituent of | |par rapport à la | | | |
|another. The subordinating conjunction | |proposition dite | | | |
|typically marks the incorporated | |principale. | | | |
|constituent | |( atilf.fr CONJONCTION| | | |
|( | |DE SUBORDINATION ) | | | |
|linguistics/GlossaryOfLinguist| |TERM: Conjonction de | | | |
|icTerms/WhatIsASubordinatingConjunctio.htm| |subordination | | | |
|) | | | | | |
|Substantive adjective | | | | | |
|GENERAL |English : |French : | | | |
|Morpho-syntax |TERM: Substantive adjective |TERM: Adjectif substantif | | | |
|DEF: An adjective that modifies an | | | | | |
|implied, but not expressed, noun. When | | | | | |
|translating such an adjective into | | | | | |
|English, you must supply the missing noun.| | | | | |
| | | | | | |
|( | | | | | |
|southwestern.edu/~carlg/Latin_Web/glos| | | | | |
|sary.html ) | | | | | |
|Suffix | | | | | |
|GENERAL |English : |French : | | | |
|Morpho-syntax |TERM: Suffix |DEF: Affixe placé à la fin| | | |
|GENERIC CONCEPT : Affix | |d'une unité lexicale, | | | |
|DEF: A suffix is an affix that is attached| |après le radical, et qui | | | |
|to the end of a root or stem. | |modifie le sens de ce | | | |
|( | |radical. Il se dit de | | | |
|linguistics/GlossaryOfLinguist| |Lettres ou syllabes qui | | | |
|icTerms/WhatIsASuffix.htm ) | |s'ajoutent à la fin des | | | |
|DEF: An affix occurring at the end of a | |mots pour en déterminer la| | | |
|word, base, or phrase. | |signification. | | | |
|( Sue Ellen Wright ) | |Substantivement, Un | | | |
| | |suffixe. | | | |
| | |( zeus.inalf.fr SUFFIXE ) | | | |
| | |TERM: Suffixe | | | |
|Symbol | | | | | |
|GENERAL |English : |French : | | | |
|Morpho-syntax |TERM: Symbol |DEF: Signe dont le | | | |
| | |signifiant a un lien | | | |
| | |naturel avec le signifié. | | | |
| | |Le symbole a pour | | | |
| | |caractère de n'être jamais| | | |
| | |tout à fait arbitraire; il| | | |
| | |n'est pas vide, il y a un | | | |
| | |rudiment de lien naturel | | | |
| | |entre le signifiant et le | | | |
| | |signifié. | | | |
| | |( atilf.inalf.fr | | | |
| | |SYMBOLE I.B.4 ) | | | |
| | |EX: Le symbole de la | | | |
| | |justice, la balance, ne | | | |
| | |pourrait pas être remplacé| | | |
| | |par n'importe quoi, un | | | |
| | |char, par exemple (SAUSS. | | | |
| | |1916, p. 101). | | | |
| | |TERM: Syntaxe | | | |
|Syntax | | | | | |
|GENERAL |English : |French : | | | |
|Morpho-syntax |EXPL: English syntax is almost wholly |DEF: Partie de la | | | |
|DEF: The relationship of words to each |determined by word order, whereas in |grammaire traditionnelle | | | |
|other in a sentence |Latin word order is much less important|qui étudie les relations | | | |
|( |in determing who did what to whom. |entre les mots constituant| | | |
|southwestern.edu/~carlg/Latin_Web/glos|TERM: Syntax |une proposition ou une | | | |
|sary.html ) | |phrase, leurs | | | |
| | |combinaisons, et les | | | |
| | |règles qui président à ces| | | |
| | |relations, à ces | | | |
| | |combinaisons. | | | |
| | |( atilf.inalf.fr Tlfi,| | | |
| | |SYNTAXE, I.A, 1 ) | | | |
| | |TERM: Syntaxe | | | |
|Tense | | | | | |
|GENERAL |English : |French : | | | |
|Morpho-syntax |DEF: A category of the verb or verbal |TERM: Temps | | | |
|DEF: Tense is a grammatical category, |inflections, such as present, past, and| | | | |
|typically marked on the verb, that |future, that expresses the temporal | | | | |
|deictically refers to the time of the |relations between what is reported in a| | | | |
|event or state denoted by the verb in |sentence and the time of its utterance.| | | | |
|relation to some other temporal reference | | | | | |
|point. |( | | | | |
|( |english/definitio| | | | |
|linguistics/GlossaryOfLinguist|n.asp?en=tense ) | | | | |
|icTerms/WhatIsTense.htm ) |VALUE :Present | | | | |
| |VALUE :Futur | | | | |
| |VALUE :Futur perfect | | | | |
| |VALUE :Imperfect | | | | |
| |VALUE :Perfect | | | | |
| |VALUE :Pluperfect | | | | |
| |VALUE :Past | | | | |
| |VALUE :Past perfect | | | | |
| |TERM: Tense | | | | |
|Third person | | | | | |
|GENERAL |English : |French : | | | |
|Morpho-syntax |DEF: a grammatical category of pronouns|DEF: La troisième personne| | | |
|DEF: Third person deixis is deictic |and verbs used when referring to |renvoi à ce qui n'est ni | | | |
|reference to a referent(s) not identified |objects or individuals other than the |le locuteur, ni | | | |
|as the speaker or addressee. |speaker or his addressee(s) |l'interlocuteur. La | | | |
|( |( |personne où le locuteur | | | |
|linguistics/GlossaryOfLinguist|english/definitio|est impliqué avec d'autres| | | |
|icTerms/WhatIsThirdPersonDeixis.htm ) |n.asp?en=third+person ) |est dite première personne| | | |
| |TERM: Third person |du pluriel (nous, notre, | | | |
| | |vôtre). La troisième | | | |
| | |personne du pluriel est | | | |
| | |homogène en ce sens | | | |
| | |qu'elle vient de la | | | |
| | |réunion de deux ou | | | |
| | |plusieurs «troisièmes | | | |
| | |personnes». La troisième | | | |
| | |personne du singulier | | | |
| | |comme au pluriel, est | | | |
| | |celle de la personne dont | | | |
| | |il est parlé sans plus. | | | |
| | |C'est la personne passive,| | | |
| | |absente du système de | | | |
| | |l'interlocution. Ce n'en | | | |
| | |est pas moins une | | | |
| | |personne, et il est | | | |
| | |inexact de parler d'elle | | | |
| | |comme d'une «non | | | |
| | |personne»; c'est la | | | |
| | |personne de tout ce que la| | | |
| | |pensée a appris à | | | |
| | |désigner, la personne | | | |
| | |inhérente à toute | | | |
| | |sémantèse, à tout ce dont | | | |
| | |le langage est capable de | | | |
| | |parler à (G.. MOIGNET, | | | |
| | |Systématique de la lang. | | | |
| | |fr., 1981, p.124): | | | |
| | |( atilf.fr TROISIEME | | | |
| | |PERSONNE Gramm. ) | | | |
| | |TERM: Troisième personne | | | |
|Token | | | | | |
|GENERAL |English : |French : | | | |
|Morpho-syntax |TERM: Token |TERM: Atome | | | |
|DEF: A token identifies a unit of | | | | | |
|information. Usually, "tokens" are the | | | | | |
|result of some processing pass that has | | | | | |
|performed lexical analysis and divided a | | | | | |
|data set into the smallest units of | | | | | |
|information used for subsequent | | | | | |
|processing. Exactly what constitutes a | | | | | |
|token varies by context. | | | | | |
|( tdg/en/html/token.html )| | | | | |
|Transitive | | | | | |
|GENERAL |English : |French : | | | |
|Morpho-syntax |EX: The man has a horse |DEF: Il se dit des Verbes | | | |
|DEF: A verb which takes a direct object; |TERM: Transitive |qui font passer l'action | | | |
|that is, a verb that expresses an action | |du sujet sur un complément| | | |
|which directly affects another person or | |direct. Aimer est un verbe| | | |
|thing. | |transitif. [En parlant | | | |
|( | |d'un verbe] Qui se | | | |
|southwestern.edu/~carlg/Latin_Web/glos| |construit avec un | | | |
|sary.html ) | |complément d'objet. | | | |
| | |( zeus.inalf.fr TRANSITIF | | | |
| | |) | | | |
| | |TERM: Transitif | | | |
|Translative | | | | | |
|GENERAL |English : |French : |Finnish : | | |
|Morpho-syntax |TERM: Translative |DEF: Marquant |EX: | | |
|DEF: Indicates a change in state of a | |morphologique de la |Characterist| | |
|noun, with the general sense of "becoming | |translation. Les |ic ending | | |
|X" or "change to X". | |translatifs ont (...) pour|-ksi added | | |
|( wiki/Translative_case | |fonction de transformer la|to genitive | | |
|) | |catégorie des mots pleins.|stem: | | |
| | |Ainsi, dans le n?ud |"maalaa se | | |
| | |substantival fr. le bleu |punaiseksi" | | |
| | |de Prusse, le est le |= "paint it | | |
| | |translatif qui transforme |red"; | | |
| | |l'adjectif bleu en |"tunnen | | |
| | |substantif, et de est le |itseni | | |
| | |translatif qui transforme |väsyneeksi" | | |
| | |le substantif Prusse en |= "I feel | | |
| | |adjectif, le groupe de |tired". | | |
| | |Prusse ayant en effet |(Hungarian)C| | |
| | |valeur d'adjectif (TESN. |haracteristi| | |
| | |1965, p. 80). |c ending | | |
| | |( atilf.fr TRANSLATIF |và/vé. A | | |
| | |) |béka egy | | |
| | |TERM: Translatif |fiatal | | |
| | | |herceggé | | |
| | | |vàlt. The | | |
| | | |frog one | | |
| | | |young | | |
| | | |prince-into | | |
| | | |turned 'The | | |
| | | |frog turned | | |
| | | |into a young| | |
| | | |prince.' | | |
|Unique | | | | | |
|GENERAL |English : | | | | |
|Morpho-syntax |DEF: The unique value is applied to | | | | |
| |categories with a unique or very small | | | | |
| |membership, such as negative particle, | | | | |
| |which are `unassigned' to any of the | | | | |
| |standard part-of-speech categories. The| | | | |
| |value unique cannot always be strictly | | | | |
| |applied. | | | | |
| |( | | | | |
| |r.it/EAGLES96/annotate/node16| | | | |
| |.html#cmobli ) | | | | |
| |TERM: Unique | | | | |
|Utterance | | | | | |
|GENERAL |English : |French : | | | |
|Morpho-syntax |TERM: Utterance |DEF: Ensemble des | | | |
|DEF: An utterance is a complete unit of | |signifiants "quelle qu'en | | | |
|talk, bounded by the speaker's silence. | |soit la substance phonique| | | |
|( | |ou graphique" | | | |
|linguistics/GlossaryOfLinguist| |( atilf.fr EXPRESSION | | | |
|icTerms/WhatIsAnUtterance.htm ) | |) | | | |
| | |TERM: Expression | | | |
|Valency | | | | | |
|GENERAL |English : |French : | | | |
|Morpho-syntax |TERM: Valency |DEF: Nombre d'actants | | | |
|DEF: Valency refers to the capacity of a | |qu'un verbe est | | | |
|verb to take a specific number and type of| |susceptible de régir. | | | |
|arguments "noun phrase positions" | |( atilf.inalf.fr Tlfi,| | | |
| | |6.VALENCE A,4 ) | | | |
| | |TERM: Valence | | | |
|Verb frame | | | | | |
|GENERAL |English : |French : | | | |
|Morpho-syntax |TERM: Verb frame |DEF: Mot exprimant un | | | |
|VALUE :Transitive | |procès, un état ou un | | | |
|VALUE :Intransitive | |devenir, variant, dans de | | | |
|VALUE :Ditransitive | |nombreuse langues, en | | | |
|VALUE :Pronominal | |nombre, en personne et en | | | |
|VALUE :Unique | |temps et ayant pour | | | |
|VALUE :Impersonal | |fonction syntaxique de | | | |
|DEF: A word used to express an action or | |structurer les termes | | | |
|state of being. Finite verbs have five | |constitutifs de l'énoncé. | | | |
|variables: person, number, tense, mood, | |( atilf.inalf.fr-> | | | |
|and voice. | |Tlfi, 2.VERBE II ) | | | |
|( | |TERM: Verbe | | | |
|southwestern.edu/~carlg/Latin_Web/glos| | | | | |
|sary.html ) | | | | | |
|Vocative case | | | | | |
|GENERAL |English : |French : | | | |
|Morpho-syntax |EX: You're a good man, Charlie Brown |DEF: Cas exprimant | | | |
|DEF: The case used to indicate direct |TERM: Vocative case |l'apostrophe, | | | |
|address. | |l'interpellation directe | | | |
|( | |au moyen d'appellatifs, et| | | |
|southwestern.edu/~carlg/Latin_Web/glos| |ayant pour effet d'exclure| | | |
|sary.html ) | |de la construction de la | | | |
| | |phrase, à la manière d'une| | | |
| | |incise, le terme qui | | | |
| | |désigne l'objet | | | |
| | |interpellé. | | | |
| | |( atilf.inalf.fr-> | | | |
| | |Tlfi, VOCATIF ) | | | |
| | |TERM: Vocatif | | | |
|Voice | | | | | |
|GENERAL |English : |French : | | | |
|Morpho-syntax |DEF: Active or passive, q.v. |TERM: Voie | | | |
|VALUE :Active voice |( | | | | |
|VALUE :Passive voice |southwestern.edu/~carlg/Latin_Web/g| | | | |
|VALUE :Middle voice |lossary.html ) | | | | |
|DEF: A category of the verb or verbal |VALUE :Middle voice | | | | |
|inflections that expresses whether the |TERM: Voice | | | | |
|relation between the subject and the verb | | | | | |
|is that of agent and action, action and | | | | | |
|recipient, or some other relation. | | | | | |
|( | | | | | |
|english/definition.a| | | | | |
|sp?en=voice ) | | | | | |
|Word | | | | | |
|GENERAL |English : |French : | | | |
|Morpho-syntax |DEF: A word is a unit which is a |DEF: Son ou groupe de sons| | | |
|DEF: One of the units of speech or writing|constituent at the phrase level and |articulés ou figurés | | | |
|that native speakers of a language usually|above. It is sometimes identifiable |graphiquement, constituant| | | |
|regard as the smallest isolable meaningful|according to such criteria as : - being|une unité porteuse de | | | |
|element of the language, although |the minimal possible unit in a reply - |signification à laquelle | | | |
|linguists would analyse these further into|having features such as : * a regular |est liée, dans une langue | | | |
|morphemes. |stress pattern, and * phonological |donnée, une représentation| | | |
|( |changes conditioned by or blocked at |d'un être, d'un objet, | | | |
|english/definition.a|word boundaries - being the largest |d'un concept, etc. | | | |
|sp?en=word ) |unit resistant to insertion of new |( atilf.fr 4.MOT ) | | | |
| |constituents within its boundaries, or |TERM: Mot | | | |
| |- being the smallest constituent that | | | | |
| |can be moved within a sentence without | | | | |
| |making the sentence ungrammatical. A | | | | |
| |word is sometimes placed, in a | | | | |
| |hierarchy of grammatical constituents, | | | | |
| |above the morpheme level and below the | | | | |
| |phrase level. | | | | |
| |( | | | | |
| |linguistics/GlossaryOfLingu| | | | |
| |isticTerms/WhatIsAWord.htm ) | | | | |
| |TERM: Word | | | | |
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