English Pronouncing Dictionary - Cambridge University Press
[Pages:23]English Pronouncing Dictionary
published by the press syndicate of the university of cambridge The Pitt Building, Trumpington Street, Cambridge cb2 1rp, United Kingdom cambridge university press The Edinburgh Buiding, Cambridge cb2 2ru, United Kingdom 40 West 20th Street, New York, ny 10011?4211, USA 477 Williamstown Road, Port Melbourne, vic 3207, Australia Ruiz de Alarc?n 13, 28014 Madrid, Spain Dock House, The Waterfront, Cape Town 8001, South Africa Visit our website at Email comments about this book to epd@cup.cam.ac.uk
? Cambridge University Press, 2003
This book is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception and to the provision of relevant collective licensing agreements, no reproduction of any part may take place without the written permission of Cambridge University Press.
Entries we have reason to believe constitute trademarks only have been labelled as such. However, neither the presence nor absence of such labels should be regarded as affecting the legal status of any trademark.
First published by J. M. Dent & Sons Ltd 1917
First published by Cambridge University Press 1991 This edition published 2003
Printed in Italy by G. Canale & C. S.p.A
Typeface Times Phonetic IPA 7/9 pt. System QuarkXPress? [uph]
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
Library of Congress Cataloguing in Publication data applied for
isbn 0 521 81693 9 hardback isbn 0 521 01712 2 paperback isbn 0 521 01713 0 paperback & CD-ROM isbn 3 12 539683 2 Klett paperback & CD-ROM isbn 3 12 539684 0 Klett paperback
Contents
Editors' preface to the 16th edition
iv
Introduction
v
Part 1: Introduction to the English Pronouncing Dictionary
v
1.1 What is the English Pronouncing Dictionary?
v
1.2 Whose pronunciation is represented?
v
1.3 How are the pronunciations chosen?
vi
1.4 Regional accents
vi
1.5 Pronunciation of foreign words
vi
1.6 Usage notes
vii
1.7 Syllable divisions
vii
Part 2: Principles of transcription
viii
2.1 The phoneme principle
viii
2.2 Vowels and diphthongs
viii
2.3 Consonants
x
2.4 Non-English sounds
xi
2.5 Stress
xii
2.6 Syllable divisions
xiii
2.7 Assimilation
xiii
2.8 Treatment of /r/
xiv
2.9 Use of /i/ and /u/
xiv
2.10 Syllabic consonants
xiv
2.11 Optional sounds
xv
2.12 Elision
xv
Part 3: Explanatory notes
xvi
References in introduction
xviii
List of recommended reading
xviii
The International Phonetic Alphabet
xx
Index of Information Panels
xxi
The dictionary
1
iii
a ? Abdulla(h)
Pronouncing the letter A
See also AE, AEO, AI/AY, AU/AW
The vowel letter a has two main strong pronunciations linked to spelling:a`short'pronunciation /Q/ and a`long' pronunciation /eI/. In the`short'pronunciation,the a is usually followed by a consonant which closes the syllable,
or a double consonant before another vowel,e.g.:
tap
/tQp/
tapping /?tQp.IN/
The`long'pronunciation usually means the a is followed by a single consonant and then a vowel,e.g.:
tape /teIp/ taping /?teI.pIN/
When there is an r in the spelling,the strong pronunciation is
one of three possibilities:/A U Ar/,/e? U er/ or /Q U e, Q/, e.g.:
car
/kAr /
care
/ke?r /
carry /kQr.i/
U /kAr/ U /ker/ U /ker.i, kQr.i/
In addition
There are other vowel sounds associated with the letter a, e.g.:
/A/
father
/A U Q/ bath
/? U A/ swan /? U A, ?/ walk
warm
/?fA.D?r / /bAT/ /sw?n/ /w?k/ /w?m/
U /?fA.D`/ U /bQT/ U /swAn/ U /wAk/ U /w?rm/
And,in rare cases:
/e/
many /?men.i/
In weak syllables
The vowel letter a is realised with the vowels /?/ and /I/ in weak syllables,and may also not be pronounced at all in British English,due to compression,e.g.:
above village necessary
/??bv/ /?vIl.IdZ/ /?nes.?.sri/
U /-ser.i/
a indefinite article: strong form: eI weak form:
Note: Weak form word. The strong form /eI/ is used mainly for contrast
(e.g. `This is a solution, but not the
only one.'). The weak form only
occurs before consonants, and is usually pronounced //. In rapid speech, when // is preceded by a
consonant, it may combine with a following /l/, /n/ or /r/ to produce a
syllabic consonant (e.g. `got a light' / t.l aIt U t. laIt/; `get another' / et.n ?.r U - /). a (A) the letter: eI -'s -z A-1 eI w n stress shift: A-1 con dition A4 eI f r U - f r stress shift: A4 paper AA eI eI stress shift: AA pat rol Aachen .kn aah Aalborg l.b U l.b r, laardvark d.v k U rd.v rk -s -s aardwol|f d.wlf U rd- -ves -vz Aarhus .hs U r-, rAaron e.rn U er.n, rab- b-, bNote: Prefix. Examples include abnegate / b.nI.eIt/, in which it is stressed, and abduct /b d kt/,
where it is unstressed. ab (A) b AB eI bi Abacha b t. U -b taback b k
Abaco b..k U -ko abacus b..ks -es -Iz Abadan b. d n, - d n Abaddon b d.n abaft b ft U - b ft abalone b. l.ni U - loabandon b n.dn -s -z -ing -I -ed -d
-ment -mnt ? bas b U -, abas|e beIs -es -Iz -ing -I -ed -t
-ement -mnt abash b -es -Iz -ing -I -ed -t abatab|le beI.t.bl U -t- -ly -li a|bate beIt -bates - beIts -bating
- beI.tI U - beI.tI -bated - beI.tId U - beI.tId -batement/s - beIt.mnt/s abat(t)is b..tIs, -ti U -.tIs, b t.Is -es b..tI.sIz U -tI-, b t.I.sIz alternative plur.:
b..ti z U -ti z, b t.i z abattoir b..tw r U -tw r, -tw r
-s -z abaxial b k.si.l, b kAbba b. abbac|y b..si -ies -iz Abbado b .d U -o Abbas b.s, b s Abbassid, Abbasid b s.Id -s -z abb? b.eI U b.eI, - - -s -z abbess b.es, -Is U -s -es -Iz Abbeville in France: b.vi l
U b vi l in US: b.I.vIl abbey (A) b.i -s -z Abbie b.i
abbot (A) b.t -s -s Abbotsford b.ts.fd U -f d abbotship b.t.Ip -s -s Abbott b.t -s -s Abbott and
Cos tello
abbrevi|ate bri .vi.eIt -ates -eIts -ating -eI.tI U -eI.tI -ated -eI.tId U -eI.tId -ator/s -eI.tr/z U -eI.t /z
abbreviation bri .vi eI.n -s -z abbreviatory bri .vi..tri,
bri .vi eI.tr.i U bri .vi..t r.i
Abbs bz
Abby b.i
abc, ABC eI.bi si -'s -z Abdera b dI.r U - dIr. abdicant b.dI.knt -s -s abdi|cate b.dI.keIt -cates -keIts
-cating -keI.tI U -keI.tI -cated -keI.tId U -keI.tId -cator/s -keI.tr/z U -keI.t /z abdication b.dI keI.n -s -z Abdiel b.dIl U -di.l abdomen b.d.mn, -men;
b d.mn U b.d.mn,
b do- -s -z abdominal b dm.I.nl, b-,
- d.mI- U - d .m- -ly -i abducent b dju .snt, b- U - du -,
- dju abduct b d kt, b- -s -s -ing -I
-ed -Id -or/s -r/z U - /z abduction b d k.n, b- -s -z Abdul b.dl
Abdulla(h) b d l., b-, - dl-
1
Abe ? -able
Abbreviations
The pronunciation of individual abbreviations is not predictable and must be treated on a word-by-word basis.
Examples
Some good examples of abbreviations which are spoken in full are to be found in titles used for people,e.g.:
Mr
/?mIs.t?r/
Mrs
/?mIs.Iz/
Dr
/?d?k.t?r/
Esq
/Is?kwaI?r/
U /-t`/
U /?dAk.t`/ U /?es.kwaI`/
However,in some cases,an abbreviation may be pronounced the way it is written,e.g.:
Bros. (Brothers) des res (desirable residence)
/?brD.?z/, /br?s/ U /?brD.`z/
/?dez?rez/
Some words or phrases are abbreviated to initial letters. In this case,the item may be pronounced as the initial letters,or in full. This is not the same as an ACRONYM,in which the letters are pronounced as a word (see,for example, NATO),e.g.:
MS (multiple sclerosis; manuscript)
/?em?es/
NBA (National Basketball Association) /?en.bi?eI/
UCLA (University of California Los Angeles) /?ju.si.el?eI/
Abbreviations derived from Latin words and phrases are common,but do not all follow the same pattern,some being pronounced in full,some as letters,and some as they are spelt, e.g.:
e.g.(exempli gratia) /?i?dZi/
et al (et alia)
/et?Ql/
etc.(et cetera)
/It?set.?r.?/
i.e.(id est)
/?aI?i/
U /-?Al/ U /-?set. `-/
Abe eIb abeam bi m abecedarian eI.bi .si de.ri.n
U - der.i? Becket bek.It abed bed Abednego b.ed ni .,
bed.nI. U -o Abel eI.bl Abelard b..l d, -I- U -l rd Abelmeholah eI.bl.mi h.l, -m -
U - hoAbenaki b. n k.i U .b n .ki,
b. -, - n k.i -s -z Aberavon b. r v.n U - vAbercanaid b. k n.aId U - Abercarn b. k n U - k rn Aberconway b. kn.weI U - k nAberconwy b. kn.wi U - k nAbercorn b..k n U - .k rn Abercrombie, Abercromby
b..krm.bi, -kr m-, b. krm.bi, - kr mU - .kr m-, - kr mAberdare b. der U - der Aberdeen b. di n U - - -shire -r, - Ir U - , - Ir stress shift:
Aberdeen station
Aberdonian b. d.ni.n U - do- -s -z
Aberdour b. dar U - da Aberdovey b. d v.i U - Aberfan b. v n U - Abergavenny place: b.. ven.i
U - - family name: b. en.i
U- Abergele b. el.i U - Aberkenfig b. ken.fI U - -
Abernathy b. n .i U b. .n Abernethy b. ne.i, - ni .i
U b. ne.i aberran|t b er.nt, ber-;
b..rnt -ce -ts -cy -t.si aber|rate b..reIt -rates -reIts
-rating -reI.tI U -reI.tI -rated -reI.tId U -reI.tId aberration b. reI.n -s -z Abersychan b. sIk.n U - Abert eI.b t, -bt U -b t, -b t Abertillery b..tI le.ri, -t U - .t ler.i Abertridwr b. trId.r U -r Aberystwyth b. rIs.twI a|bet bet -bets - bets -betting - bet.I U - bet.I -betted - bet.Id U - bet.Id -bettor/s - bet.r/z U - bet. /z -betment - bet.mnt abeyance beI.nts abhor b h r, b r U b h r, b- -s -z -ring -I -red -d -rer/s -r/z U - /z abhorren|ce b hr.nts, brU b h r-, b- -t -t Abia biblical name: baI. city: b.i. Abiathar baI..r U - abid|e baId -es -z -ing -I -ed -Id abode bd U - bod Abidjan b.i d n, -I abigail (A) b.I.eIl -s -z Abilene in Syria: b.I li .ni, - - in US:
b..li n
abilit|y bIl..ti, -I.ti U -.ti -ies -iz -ability - bIl..ti, -I.ti U -.ti
Note: Suffix. Words containing -ability
always exhibit primary stress as
shown above, e.g. capability
/ keI.p bIl..ti U -.ti/.
Abimelech bIm..lek Abingdon b.I.dn Abinger b.In.dr U -d Abington b.I.tn ab initio b.I nI.i., - -, - nIs-
U -o abiogenesis eI.baI. den..sIs, -I-
U -o Abiola b.i .l U - oabiotic eI.baI t.Ik U - .tIk abject b.dekt U b.dekt, - -
-ly -li -ness -ns, -nIs abjection b dek.n abjudi|cate b du .dI.keIt, b-
U -d- -cates -keIts -cating -keI.tI U -keI.tI -cated -keI.tId U -keI.tId abjuration b.d reI.n, -d -, -d - U -d -, -d - -s -z abjur|e b dr, b-, - d r U - dr -es -z -ing -I -ed -d -er/s -r/z U - /z ablat|e bleIt, b leIt, b leIt -es -s -ing -I U b leI.tI -ed -Id U b leI.tId ablation bleI.n, b leI- U bablatival b.l taI.vl ablative b.l.tIv U -tIv -s -z ablaut b.lat -s -s ablaze bleIz ab|le eI.bl -ler -l.r, -lr U -l. , -l -lest -l.st, -lst, -l.Ist, -lIst -ly -l.i, -li -able -.bl
Note: Suffix. Does not normally affect
stress patterning, e.g. knowledge
/ nl.Id U n .lId/,
knowledgeable / nl.I.d.bl U n .lI-/; rely /rI laI/, reliable /rI laI..bl/. In some cases, however,
2
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