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 The 2019 Scottie Round EightWritten and edited by current and former players and coaches including Todd Garrison, Tyler Reid, Olivia Kiser, Rajeev Nair, Garrison Page, Caleb Tamminga, Parker Bannister, Hunter Lindsey, Mason Reid, and Anish Patel (with a special assist by Ramapriya Rangaraju)TOSSUPS1. When these structures undergo high frequency recombination, they can lose their episome status. One of these structures originating from Pseudomonas, RP1, may be responsible for conferring resistance to ampicillin and kanamycin. A large example of these structures known as the fertility factor allows bacteria to transfer genes by (*) conjugation. These structures are commonly used as vectors for molecular cloning, and are usually introduced to a cell via transformation. For 10 points, name these small, self-replicating, circular segments of DNA.ANSWER: plasmid <RR>2. Photography for this event was conducted by the aircraft Necessary Evil, while reconnaissance for it was conducted by Straight Flush. A memorial dedicated to the victims of this attack is located at a ruined exhibition hall known as the Genbaku Dome. Originally meant to target a bridge, it instead occurred above (*) Shima Surgical Clinic. The aircraft that initiated this event was named for its pilot’s mother, Enola Gay. For 10 points, name this August 6, 1945, event in which “Little Boy” destroyed a Japenese city.ANSWER: Atomic bombing of Hiroshima <AP>3. This man allegedly burned the first draft of one of his most famous works after feedback from his wife, then rewrote it in three to six days. This author of the poetry collection A Child’s Garden of Verses based one character on the poet W.E. Henley, who lost a leg due to tuberculosis. A few years after this writer dropped (*) Balfour from his own name, he created the protagonist David Balfour in Kidnapped. For 10 points, Long John Silver sings “Yo-ho-ho, and a bottle of rum” in one work by this author of The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde.ANSWER: Robert Louis Stevenson <TG>4. One section of this musical piece features solos for clarinet and oboe after a short period of silence. This piece opens with a flute solo containing a chromatic descent, which represents the title character tuning a reed flute in an attempt to seduce a pair of (*) nymphs. This piece inspired ballets by Vaslav Nijinsky and Jerome Robbins, and was itself inspired by a poem written by Stephane Mallarme. For 10 points, name this symphonic poem by Claude Debussy that depicts a satyr awakening from a nap.ANSWER: Prelude to the Afternoon of a Faun <TR>5. A practice of this type called dana is one of the Seven Treasures of the Noble Ones, and in Judaism practitioners use a pushke to facilitate this action. In the book of Matthew, people are taught to not let their left hand know what their right is doing when performing this action. In a parable, Jesus valued a widow’s (*) two mites to be more valuable than others doing this action. For 10 points, name this action required in most religions for the benefit of the less fortunate.ANSWER: alms-giving [accept zakat; accept tithe; accept any answers indicating giving to the poor] <TG>6. The creation of this group’s Science Programme was one result of a report given in 1956 by the “Three Wise Men.” Montenegro is the most recent member of this collective, which on September 11, 2001, invoked its Article Five for the first and only time in its history. Members of this organization are expected to spend two percent of their GDP on (*) defense, but as of 2014, only three of twenty-nine member nations had met that benchmark. For 10 points, name this political and military alliance originally formed by the United States and eleven European nations to provide security against the Soviet Union.ANSWER: NATO [or North Atlantic Treaty Organization] <TG>7. This document alludes to the assassination of Marquis de Mores after describing the assignment of a Lieutenant Colonel in Tunisia. This document praises its addressee for securing the 1900 World Fair, and notes that General Billot referred to the government as a “Jesuit-Lair.” This letter explains the delay to convict Major Ferdinand (*) Esterhazy, and first appeared in George Clemenceau’s newspaper L’Aurore. For 10 points, name this open letter written by Emile Zola in support of Alfred Dreyfus.ANSWER: “J’accuse” letter [or “I Accuse” letter] <GP>8. Due to a spin-forbidden 3d transition, this is the color of manganese salts, which lend this color to minerals such as rhodonite and certain forms of quartz. The best known compound of this color is generated by the (*) double deprotonation of a tri-aryl-methane dye. That reaction occurs at a slightly alkaline pH during titrations with the most common indicator solution. For 10 points, name this color created by adding a base to a solution of phenolphthalein [fee-nol-thal-een].ANSWER: pink <RR>9. In a controversial address to the Harvard Divinity School, this thinker expressed his view that individuality was more powerful than religious doctrines and that Jesus was not God. Louisa May Alcott wrote that she had a crush on this man, who was known as the “Sage of (*) Concord” on the lecture circuit. This author of The Oversoul analyzed a “transparent eyeball” that links humans to nature. For 10 points, name this transcendentalist who urged readers to be “no base imitator of another, but your best self” in Self-Reliance.ANSWER: Ralph Waldo Emerson <TG>10. A surrealist from this modern day country painted Two Children Are Threatened by a Nightingale and developed the technique of frottage. The titular figure of another work painted in this country holds a walking stick and stands on a rock while gazing over a “sea of fog.” An art exhibition hosted in this country derided (*) “degenerate” art produced by groups such as The Bridge, and one artist from here included a magic square in Melencolia I. For 10 points, name this country home to artists like Caspar David Friedrich and Albrecht Durer, where modern art was condemned by the Nazis.ANSWER: Federal Republic of Germany [accept German] [the first clue references Max Ernst] <TR>11. This man traveled farther north than any previous European on his first voyage financed by the Muscovy Company, while his second led to the first European exploration of the Arctic Ocean. His third voyage on behalf of the Dutch East India Company was detailed by Robert Juet and travelled up a river as far as present day (*) Albany, New York. On his fourth attempt to find the Northwest Passage, this captain and his son John were marooned from the Discovery and never seen again. For 10 points, name this English explorer who names a large bay in Canada.ANSWER: Henry Hudson <TG>12. This country was prompted to move its capital inland due to the destruction caused by Hurricane Hattie in 1961. The archeological site of Caracol is located in this modern-day country, which shares the Maya Mountains with its western neighbor. The second-largest (*) barrier reef in the world is located off the coast of this country, which is the only English-speaking nation in Central America. For 10 points, name this Central American country that has its capital at Belmopan. ANSWER: Belize <PB>13. A quote from this work says “nothing can be well learned that is not agreeable to one’s natural taste,” and this fifty-four chapter story repeats the line “the sadness of things” over 1,000 times. Kaoru has a natural fragrance described as a beautiful and rare perfume in this novel, and is said by some to be the first antihero. Both the Emperor (*) Kiritsubo and the title character in this book are attracted to Lady Fujitsubo because of her resemblance to a concubine. For 10 points, name this Heian-era work by Murasaki Shikibu.ANSWER: The Tale of Genji <TG>14. This phenomenon begins with the Wegener–Bergeron–Findeisen process around a seed nucleus, and creates particles classified as dendrites or prisms. When this phenomenon compounds upon itself, it can produce neves [nay-vays]and firns. The orographic form of this phenomenon occurs when wind pushes air up a mountain, while (*) cold air masses moving over warmer bodies of water produce its lake effect variety. For 10 points, name this phenomenon, a form of precipitation consisting of small crystalline flakes of ice.ANSWER: snow <RR>15. The creation of this song involved eight writers and feedback from producers such as Benny Blanco and Cashmere Cat, and it reached number one on over forty different charts. This song’s singers had earlier collaborated on “I Know What You Did Last Summer,” and were speculated to be (*) romantically involved following the release of this song’s music video. For 10 points, name this song by Shawn Mendes and Camila Cabello, who love it when you call them the titular word, the Spanish title given to unmarried women.ANSWER: “Senorita” <TR>16. One of this man’s architectural works includes a staircase divided into three sections, while one of his paintings depicts the central figure reaching towards the sun and moon. This designer of the Laurentian Library created a series of sculptures depicting slaves intended for the tomb of Pope (*) Julius II, which also houses this man’s horned Moses. This artist’s other biblically-inspired works include a sculpture of a man with a sling over his shoulder and a fresco depicting Adam and God nearly touching fingers. For 10 points, name this Italian artist who sculpted a marble David and painted the Sistine Chapel ceiling.ANSWER: Michelangelo di Lodovico Buonarroti Simoni [accept either underlined portion] <TR>17. One character in this novel loses his dentures while fighting a man he believes is taking his job. The narrator of this novel visits the Golden Day bar while chauffeuring Mr. Norton, causing him to be expelled. Jack leads a group known as the Brotherhood in this novel, which is opposed by the black nationalist (*) Ras the Exhorter. A scholarship is awarded for a blindfolded battle royale in this novel, which the narrator participates in. For 10 points, name this novel in which race relations cause the title character to feel unnoticed, the most famous of Ralph Ellison.ANSWER: Invisible Man <GP>18. As part of a festival honoring this figure, the blood of a dove is used to cleanse a temple dedicated to this deity’s “Pandemos” aspect. Both Cythera and Cyprus are claimed to be the birthplace of this goddess, who helped Hippomenes win a race against Atalanta. One of this goddess’ many lovers was (*) Anchises, with whom she had her child Aeneas. A bribe caused Paris to give this goddess a golden apple, and she was caught in a golden net with Ares by her husband Hephaestus. For 10 points, name this Greek goddess of love.ANSWER: Aphrodite [accept Venus] <TR>19. This man relieved the Siege of Fort Texas with a victory at the Battle of Palo Alto, and earlier had defeated the Seminole Indians at the Battle of Lake Okeechobee. The final days of this man’s presidency were marred by the Galphin Affair, and this president signed the Clayton-Bulwar treaty. This victor at (*) Buena Vista succeeded James K. Polk following his election in 1848. For 10 points, name this man nicknamed “Old Rough and Ready,” the 12th president of the United States.ANSWER: Zachary Taylor <RN>20. Shortly after the publication of this man’s Rudolphine Tables, he became an adviser to General Albrecht von Wallenstein. Face-centered cubic and hexagonal-close are the optimal methods for packing spheres according to this mathematician's namesake conjecture. Two laws (*) formulated by this scientist were put forth in his A New Astronomy, which he worked on during his time as Tycho Brahe’s assistant. For 10 points, name this astronomer most known for his namesake laws of planetary motion.ANSWER: Johannes Kepler <MR>BONUSES:1. This saint was burned at the stake after being captured by English forces. For 10 points each:[10] Name this French saint, a peasant girl who believed that God told her to drive out the English.ANSWER: Joan of Arc[10] Joan of Arc was known as the “maid of” this city after forces led by her lifted an English siege of this city.ANSWER: Orleans[10] The Siege of Orleans took place during this lengthy conflict between the English and French during the Middle Ages.ANSWER: Hundred Years’ War <AP>2. On the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram, these stars occupy the bottom right corner. For 10 points each:[10] Name these dim, very dense stars, which are stellar core remnants left behind after a planetary nebula.ANSWER: white dwarf[10] Over time, white dwarves will cool until they no longer emit light, at which point they are named by this other color.ANSWER: black dwarf [10] This value named after an Indian American scientist is the maximum stable mass of a white dwarf star, and is approximately 1.4 solar masses. Above this value, electron degeneracy pressure is no longer enough to prevent gravitational collapse.ANSWER: Chandrasekhar limit <MR>3. Answer the following about an NBA team that overhauled their roster this offseason, for 10 points each.[10] This team made waves early in the offseason by trading away star Paul George to the Clippers.ANSWER: Oklahoma City Thunder [accept either underlined portion; accept OKC][10] As part of the Paul George trade, the Thunder acquired Shai Gilgeous-Alexander and this Italian forward. This player was drafted by the Knicks in 2008 and made the playoffs twice with the Nuggets.ANSWER: Danilo Gallinari [accept Gallo][10] The Thunder also traded away former franchise player Russell Westbrook in exchange for this guard. This Wake Forest alum failed to reach the NBA finals during his stint with the Rockets.ANSWER: Chris Paul <TR>4. One character in this play believes she is in Antarctica as she wanders the streets of Brooklyn. For 10 points each:[10] Name this play set in the late 1980s, in which Prior Walter wrestles with AIDS and Joe Pitt comes out as homosexual to his conservative Mormon mother.ANSWER: Angels in America: A Gay Fantasia on National Themes[10] Angels in America was written by this American playwright. He also wrote A Bright Room Called Day and the screenplay for the film Lincoln. ANSWER: Anthony “Tony” Kushner[10] This lawyer and chief counsel during the Army-McCarthy hearings is represented in Angels in America. He is haunted in the play by the ghost of Ethel Rosenberg, whom he secured the death penalty for in 1951 for espionage. ANSWER: Roy Cohn <GP>5. In the 1830s, it was discovered that electromagnetic force can be produced by a change in the magnetic field. For 10 points each:[10] Name this scientific process, which shares its name with a type of mathematical proof.ANSWER: electromagnetic induction[10] James Maxwell referred to electromagnetic induction as this English scientist’s law of induction.ANSWER: Michael Faraday[10] This law, named after a Russian physicist, states that the current induced by a changing magnetic field will oppose the field that produced it.ANSWER: Lenz’s law <TG>6. From 1846 to 1848, the United States and Mexico fought each other in the Mexican-American War. For 10 points each:[10] As part of this treaty ending the Mexican American War, the U.S. gained California and much of what is now the southwestern United States, while Mexico received 15 million dollars.ANSWER: Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo[10] In 1854, this agreement set the current southern border of the United States. The U.S. paid 10 million dollars in this deal for approximately 30,000 square miles of Mexico that later became part of Arizona and New Mexico.ANSWER: Gadsden Purchase [10] Gadsden negotiated the purchase on behalf of this president. This 14th U.S. President also signed the Kansas-Nebraska Act.ANSWER: Franklin Pierce <TG>7. This emperor was the last to take power during the Year of the Four Emperors. For 10 points each:[10] Name this founder of the Flavian dynasty, the father of Titus and Domitian.ANSWER: Vespasian[10] Vespasian was known for leading Roman troops against the Zealots and Sicarii, members of this religious group.ANSWER: Jews [accept anything mentioning being a member of Judaism][10] During his reign, Vespasian began construction of this amphitheatre, the largest ever built.ANSWER: Coliseum [or Flavian Amphitheatre] <AP>8. Answer some questions about the wonderful heroines of Jane Austen works, for 10 points each.[10] This Austen creation and her eventual husband, Mr. Darcy, represent the titular qualities in Pride and Prejudice.ANSWER: Elizabeth Bennet [prompt on just “Bennet”][10] This is the only of Austen’s characters to have the novel in which she appears named after her. This matchmaker is described in her namesake novel’s opening line as “handsome, clever, and rich.”ANSWER: Emma Woodhouse[10] Fanny Price lives with her wealthy aunt and uncle at the titular estate in this Austen novel. It is somewhat controversial for implying that the Bertram family’s wealth was gained through the slave trade.ANSWER: Mansfield Park <TR>9. This thinker was born in Roman North Africa and was greatly influenced by his time in Milan. For 10 points each:[10] Name this early Christian philosopher who studied under Saint Ambrose. He wrote The City of God and Confessions.ANSWER: Saint Augustine of Hippo[10] In Book 7 of the Confessions, Augustine describes how he was influenced by this philosophical school founded by Plotinus. This school held that the universe emanated from an entity beyond being known as “the One.”ANSWER: neoplatonism[10] Augustine agreed with the Neoplatonists on the nature of this concept, which they argued was the absence of good rather than a separate entity. This concept’s namesake “problem” is the source of many theological debates.ANSWER: evil <TR>10. This man used dance to display gang warfare between the rival Jets and Sharks. For 10 points each: [10] Name this man, who won his second Tony for choreographing West Side Story.ANSWER: Jerome Robbins[10] The lead female in West Side Story is this younger sister of Bernardo. Tony sings a song in which this character’s name appears 29 times.ANSWER: Maria[10] This other musical choreographed by Robbins features The March of the Siamese Children and the polka Shall We Dance. ANSWER: The King and I <CT/TR>11. In Roe v. Wade, the Supreme Court found that the right to have an abortion under certain circumstances was a constitutionally protected right. For 10 points each:[10] One of the dissenting Justices in Roe was this man, a Ronald Reagan appointee who succeeded Earl Warren to become Chief Justice.ANSWER: William Rehnquist[10] This 1992 Supreme Court case allowed for state involvement before the end of the first trimester, as long as it did not pose an “undue burden” on the mother. This allowed states to require waiting periods and pre-abortion counseling. ANSWER: Planned Parenthood v. Casey[10] Planned Parenthood was decided by a 5-4 plurality, with this first female Associate Justice being the deciding vote.ANSWER: Sandra Day O’Connor <HL>12. This term is used by most to refer to all of the tissues on the outside of a woody plant. For 10 points each:[10] Name this term used for the several layers outside of the cambium of a tree.ANSWER: bark[10] Taxol is a drug developed from bark that is used to treat versions of this illness in which malignancies develop from abnormal cell growth.ANSWER: cancer [10] Taxol was developed from the bark of this tree in the Pacific Northwest. This type of tree has long been treasured in archery for making bows.ANSWER: Pacific Yew [accept Western Yew] <TG>13. This author won the Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay for the 1998 film Shakespeare in Love. For 10 points each:[10] Name this playwright, whose more recent works include Arcadia and The Invention of Love.ANSWER: Tom Stoppard[10] Stoppard is probably best-known for this play, which follows two minor characters from Hamlet. ANSWER: Rosencrantz & Guildenstern Are Dead[10] Although Stoppard writes in English, he was born in this modern-day country. Other plays from this country include War With the Newts and R.U.R.ANSWER: Czech Republic [or Czechia] [those works are by Karel Capek] <OK>14. Some Christian denominations believe that this sacrament can only be undertaken by “believers,” and do not practice the infant version. For 10 points each:[10] Name this practice, which often involves water and is part of the admission of someone into a church. ANSWER: baptism[10] This specific denomination is the largest Protestant denomination in the United States, and rejects infant baptism. This denomination is headquartered in Nashville. ANSWER: Southern Baptist Convention [prompt on partial answers][10] This Southern Baptist minister came to prominence in the mid-20th century and met with every US president from Harry Truman to Barack Obama. ANSWER: Billy Graham <OK>15. This author’s most recent work takes place after the death of King Arthur, and in it Gawain reveals that he has been protecting a dragon that is creating amnesia. For 10 points each: [10] Name this author who won the 2017 Nobel Prize in literature for works such as An Artist of the Floating World and The Unconsoled. ANSWER: Kazuo Ishiguro[10] This 1989 novel by Ishiguro follows the butler Stevens as he works at Darlington Hall. ANSWER: The Remains of the Day[10] Although born in Nagasaki, Ishiguro’s family moved to the county of Surrey in this country when he was five years old. ANSWER: United Kingdom [or UK; prompt on “Great Britain”] <OK>16. In 2002, Libya offered $10 million per family to settle claims for those killed in this terrorist attack. For 10 points each:[10] Name this 1988 bombing of Pan Am flight 103 that killed all 259 people on board, along with 11 residents of the namesake Scottish town where it crashed.ANSWER: Lockerbie bombing[10] This former Libyan dictator accepted responsibility for the Lockerbie bombing. This man was killed on live TV in 2011 following his loss in the Libyan Civil War.ANSWER: Muamar Gaddafi[10] Gaddafi outlined his political philosophy in this work.ANSWER: Green Book <RN>17. This kingdom contains all eukaryotes that aren’t plants, animals, or fungi. For 10 points each:[10] Name this taxonomic kingdom which contains amoeba, paramecium, and some algae.ANSWER: protista [or protists][10] These whip-like structures are found on some protists and have a 9+2 arrangement.ANSWER: flagella [or flagellum][10] Protists use this process, which can be aerobic or anaerobic, to produce energy in the form of ATP.ANSWER: cellular respiration <CW>18. In John Singer Sargent’s Lady Eden, the titular woman holds these objects in each of her hands. For 10 points each:[10] Name these objects most often used in their namesake games. Georges de La Tour included them in his painting The Cheat with the Ace of Diamonds.ANSWER: playing cards [accept poker][10] C.M. Coolidge created a series of paintings depicting these animals playing poker.ANSWER: dogs[10] The Cardsharps is a painting by this master of chiaroscuro. He is probably better known for religious scenes like The Supper at Emmaus.ANSWER: Michelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio [accept either underlined portion; do not accept or prompt on just “Michelangelo”] <TR>19. One of these objects was cursed after being stolen by Loki, while another generated eight copies of itself every ninth night. For 10 points each:[10] Name these pieces of jewelry, whose Norse examples include Andvaranaut [ond-var-a-not] and Draupnir.ANSWER: ring [accept arm ring][10] Rings with this power are possessed by Angelica in Orlando Furioso and Yvain in Arthurian legend. Those rings possibly served as inspiration for Tolkien’s One Ring, which also grants this power.ANSWER: invisibility [or being invisible; accept equivalents][10] An invisibility-granting ring in Greek myth was named after this historical king of Lydia. The story of this ring is told in Book 2 of Plato’s Republic.ANSWER: Gyges of Lydia [accept ring of Gyges] <TR>20. The composer of one of these works included a simple part for the viola da gamba so that Prince Leopold could play. For 10 points each:[10] Name this set of works for chamber orchestra presented to Margrave Christian Ludwig of the namesake principality.ANSWER: The Brandenburg Concertos[10] The Brandenburg Concertos were written by this Baroque composer.ANSWER: Johann Sebastian Bach[10] There were this many Brandenburg Concertos. Bach also composed this many suites for solo cello and this many partitas for keyboard.ANSWER: six <TG> ................
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