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Technology in Society revisionWhat is technology in society about?How technology affects our lives and the world that we live inHow technology has evolved and the reasons for this evolutionHistory of technology (inventors, inventions and discoveries)Inventors, Inventions and DiscoveriesAlexander Graham Bell – The TelephoneGuglielmo Marconi – Radio SignalsJohn Logie Beard – TVThe Wright Brothers – AeroplanesGottleib Daimler & Karl Benz – The CarHenry Ford – The car production lineGeorge Stevenson – The steam engineJohn Dunlop – The Pneumatic TyreRudolf Diesel – The Diesel EngineJohn P. Holland – The Submarine Marie Curie – Discovered RadiationLouis Pasteur – PasteurisationWilhelm Conrad Rontgen – Discovered X-RaysThomas Edison – Filament Light BulbGeorge Eastman – The CameraMichael Faraday – Electric MotorJames Spangler – The Vacuum CleanerJames Dyson – Bagless Vacuum CleanerTechnology in Society Buzz wordsSustainable Design -‘A sustainable design is one which meets the needs of our generation without compromising those of future generations. It reduces the use of non-renewable resources, minimizes environmental impact, and relates people with the natural environment.’Life Cycle Assessment/ Analysis(LCA) is the investigation and evaluation of the environmental impacts of a given product or service caused or necessitated by its existence. A LCA investigates the environmental impact throughout all the stage of a product life and not just the use phase. Take the car as an example an LCA will look at the amount of energy used to make the metal in the engine and body, then if the car in made in Japan it will account for energy used in transporting this to Europe, and then it will look at how the car is disposed of and can other parts be used in new car or dose it all have to be scraped.Ecological footprint?is a measure of human demand on the Earth's?ecosystems. This bacally compare the consumption of resources by human to the ability of the earth’s eco system to reproduce these resources. Currently we are consuming the earth’s resources at such a rate 6.2( which means we need 6.2 planet earths to sustain our life style.Carbon footprint?is the total amount of greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions caused by an product, service, organization, or event. It is very similar to the ecological footprint except carbon accounts for pollution.Green /Environmentally friendly/ Eco-friendly are synonyms used to refer to?goods and services,?laws, that inflict minimal or no harm on the?environment.Biodegradable material?is a?type of material, typically originating from?plant?or?animal?sources, which may be broken down by other living organisms. Materials that cannot be broken down by other living organisms may be called?non-biodegradable.Evolution in TransportYear Transport Methods 0 By foot, horse, donkey, cart or wooden or animal skin boats 1900 Wooden bicycles, electric trams, steam engines and steam power ships 1950 Diesel and electric trains, petrol and diesel cars, aeroplanes and helicoptersToday Similar to 1950 but faster and safer.Rockets and space shuttles for space transportAlternative fuels such as gas electricity, bio, and solarHybrid cars Bicycle Share system used in most main European cites including DublinEvolution in Rail TransportEarly used coal or wood to make steam to power wheels, these were noisy, slow and labour intensiveFrom the labour intensive steam engine it moved to diesel fuel which is quieter, less labour intensive and more efficientModern trains are now electric and therefore are relatively quiet, very comfortable and can travel at speed of up to 300 km per hour. Example- TGV France ?Trains now use?magnetic levitation?from a very large number of magnets which are used for lift and propulsion. This method is faster, quieter and smoother than?wheeled trains. Example: - ?Transrapid?train in?Shanghai (431km/h)Evolution in BoatsEarly boats were logs rafts powered by wind or oars. They were slow, uncomfortable, unstable and unsafeNowadays oil tankers can be up to 500m longModern boats are powered by large diesel enginesSpeed boats use powerful petrol engines which allow the noise to skim over the waterSailing boats used advanced materials and are aerodynamic to ensure that they are strong and lightHuge cruise ships are like floating hotels and often have large stabilisers to ensure the journey is smooth which has lead to cruise holidays becoming very popular recentlyEvolution in Air TravelEarly flying machines include gliders and hot air balloons These were generally unreliable, slow and could only undertake short journeysIn 1903 the Wright brothers made the first successful human flight Passenger planes now carry more than 400 people Planes can fly at speeds of up to 3500km/h making flying very efficientPlanes demand large amounts of fuel leading to pollution, however this is something that plane companies are working on, as Boeing are developing the 787 which is made of composite material mainly carbon fibre.Technology in CommunicationYear Communication Method0 Messages and information were spread from person to person in an oral manner. Also symbols, painting and carvings were used. 1440 The printing press was invented allowed information to spread faster as multiple copies of documents could be produced efficiently 1900Telegram, post, telegraph, newspapers ensured information was spread throughout society 1950 Similar methods as previous times with the addition of radio, television, and telephones Today E-mail, internet, 3G, mobile phones, digital TV, broadband make it very quick, cheap and easy to spread information around the world The TelephoneInvented by Alexander Graham BellEarly telephones had no buttons and you had to ask an operator to connect your callUp until the 1990s telephones only existed in landline format. However nowadays the volume of mobile phones sold accounts for the whole population owning oneMobile phones have a vast array of functions aimed at enhancing the way the user communicates and also for generating revenue for mobile phone operators Mobile phones like the iPhone have various functions and applications available which allow an endless array of functions to be carried out on the moveMobile Phone FunctionsTextingPhone book Video callingPicture and Video messagingPersonal organiserInternet E-mailVoice MailRing tone down loadsThe Internet and BroadbandThe internet became mainstream in the 1990’sInitial webpage were very basic looking and contained little or no pictures as phone lines were extremely slow and unable to deal with such large amounts of informationWith the introduction of ISDN and eventually broadband interne,t the internet was completely changedWeb pages became more vibrant and included things like picture, sound, videos and gamesFibreoptics allow for very fast internet speed (100+ mb/s)The internet has changed the way we live our lives and also how we communicate with websites and service such as:ITunesTesco (online shopping) 24 hour BankingFace book, TwitterYouTubeEbaySkypeWikipedia munication SatellitesA satellite is an object in space that travels around another object, for example the planet earthSatellites are used for many things:Watching the WeatherGPSInternational phone callsTelevisionTaking Pictures of the EarthCommunication AbbreviationsSMS Short Message Service GSM Global System for Mobile Communications Sat Nav Satellite Navigation GPS Global Positioning System DVD Digital Video Disk USB Universal Serial Bus MP3 MPEG-1 Audio Layer 3 www World wide web Technology in ShopsBar Codes allow products to be quickly scanned and the price is then automatically added to your billBarcodes ensure no mistakes occur like the assistant entering the wrong priceConsumers can pay for product using Debit/Credit cards, in which a chip and pin machine dials a computer and ensure there is adequate funds for the purchase Technology in the OfficeThe Paperless office – nowadays offices use as little paper as possible as most office work is carried out on the computerThis has many advantages:Documents can be stored for future referenceParts of documents can be cut and pasted for future useSpell checkers and different languages are available on word processorData bases and accounts are easily set up for different clientsCompany accounts and payments can be controlled automaticallyMessages can be passed on by email between office workers Technology in SecuritySecurity alarms are common on buildings as they can be triggered movement, heat, doors or windowsX-rays and metal detectors are used at airports to check people and baggagePINs (Personal identification numbers) and passwords are used on mobile phones, computers, ATM’sFingerprint scanners are used on laptops and doors for security Technology and the EnvironmentOur society and industry relies on large amounts of energy and the world is becoming increasingly dependent on fossil fuels (oil, gas, coal etc...).The industrialised nations of Western Europe and North America, China and India depend almost entirely on these fuelsIt has been proven that burning fossil fuels causes pollutionFinding cleaner and alternative ways of producing electricity / energy are now looked upon as being very important for the future of our planet. In order to combat this we must use alternative energy in the future: ................
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