GENERAL CHEMISTRY REFERENCE SHEET

GENERAL CHEMISTRY REFERENCE SHEET

5/2/14

Common Metric Prefixes and Units

Unit

Symbol

Conversions

meter

m

1 m = 39.37 inches

centimeter

cm

1 inch = 2.54 cm

Angstrom

?

exactly 1 ? = 1 x 10-10 m

gram liter

g

1 g = 0.002205 lb

L

1 L = 1000 cm3

Kelvin kilo deci centi milli micro nano pico

= 1.056710 qt

K

K = oC + 273.15

k

103

d

10-1

c

10-2

m

10-3

?

10-6

n

10-9

p

10-12

Charge 1-

2-

3-

Formula

ClO4ClO3ClO2ClOMnO4H2PO4C2H3O2(or CH3COO-) O2S2SO42SO32CO32Cr2O72HPO42PO43-

Name perchlorate ion chlorate ion chlorite ion hypochlorite ion permanganate ion dihydrogen phosphate ion acetate ion

oxide ion sulfide ion sulfate ion sulfite ion carbonate ion dichromate ion hydrogen phosphate phosphate ion

Nomenclature

Common Cations

Charge 1+

Formula

H+ H3O+ Alkali metal+ NH4+ Ag+ Cu+

2+

Alkaline earth

metal2+

Zn2+

Co2+

Cu2+

Fe2+

Mn2+

Hg22+ Hg2+

Ni2+

Pb2+

Sn2+

3+

Al3+

Cr3+

Fe3+

Common Anions

Charge 1-

Formula

HFClBrICNOHNO3NO2HCO3-

HSO4-

Name hydrogen ion hydronium ion alkali metal ion ammonium ion silver ion copper(I) alkaline earth metal ion

zinc ion cobalt(II) copper(II) iron(II) manganese(II) mercury(I) mercury(II) nickel(II) lead(II) tin(II) aluminum ion chromium(III) iron(III)

Name hydride ion fluoride ion chloride ion bromide ion iodide ion cyanide ion hydroxide ion nitrate nitrite hydrogen carbonate or

bicarbonate ion hydrogen sulfate ion

Other Compounds Formula

H2O NH3 CH4 O3 H2O2 H2, N2, O2, F2, Cl2,

Br2, I2 He, Ne, Ar

Name water ammonia methane (natural gas) ozone hydrogen peroxide diatomic molecules

Noble gases

Acids Formula HNO3 H2SO4 HCl HBr HI HClO4 H3PO4 H2CO3 HC2H3O2 (or

CH3COOH) HF

Bases Formula NaOH KOH Mg(OH)2 Ca(OH)2 NH3 NR3

Name nitric acid (strong) sulfuric acid (strong) hydrochloric acid (strong) hydrobromic acid (strong) hydroiodic acid (strong) perchloric acid (strong) phosphoric acid (weak) carbonic acid (weak) acetic acid (weak)

hydrofluoric acid

Name sodium hydroxide (strong) potassium hydroxide (strong) magnesium hydroxide (strong) calcium hydroxide (strong) ammonia (weak) other amines (weak)

GENERAL CHEMISTRY REFERENCE SHEET

5/2/14

Alkanes (CnH2n+2) Formula

CH4 C2H6 C3H8 C4H10 C5H12 C6H14 C7H16 C8H18 C9H20 C10H22

Name methane ethane propane butane pentane hexane heptane octane nonane decane

Electrolytes and Dissociation

Electrolytic Behavior

Strong

Weak

Electrolyte Electrolyte

Dissociation

Soluble Ionic Compounds

Complete ()

all

Partial

()

none

Molecular

strong weak acids

Compounds

acids

and bases

Nonelectrolyte

none

none all others

A Few Solubility Rules

Solubility Guidelines for Ionic Compounds in Water

Soluble when containing:

Exceptions:

Alkali metal ions

none

(group 1A) NH4+ NO3C2H3O2- (or CH3COO-)

none none none

Cl-, Br-, I-

Ag+, Hg22+, Pb2+

Insoluble when containing: Ions with charges 2+/- or

higher* * There are many exceptions.

Exceptions: see above

 ................
................

In order to avoid copyright disputes, this page is only a partial summary.

Google Online Preview   Download