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Which of the following statements about algae and plants is true??Algae have different types of chlorophyll molecules from plants.?Plants are multicellular, whereas algae are unicellular.?Plants have a waxy, waterproof cuticle, and algae do not.?Both plant and algal zygotes develop into embryos.?Plant cells have rigid cellulose walls, and algal cells do not.Which of the following homologies is/are shared by land plants and their closest living algal relatives?the presence of sporopollenin?the structure of flagellated sperm (when present)?rings of cellulose-synthesizing complexes?the formation of a group of microtubules between daughter nuclei during cell division?All of the listed responses are correct.In moving to land, which of the following challenges did plants have to overcome??many herbivores on land?less available CO2 in the atmosphere than in the oceans?desiccation?competition from other photosynthetic organisms such as cyanobacteria?All of the listed responses are correct.Alternation of generations __________.?is distinguished by haploid and diploid stages that are both multicellular?is distinguished by a unicellular haploid stage and a multicellular diploid generation?is distinguished by a multicellular haploid generation and a unicellular diploid generation?consists of a diploid gametophyte stage alternating with a haploid sporophyte stage?is unique to plantsPlants undergo alternation of generations in which __________.?antheridia alternate with archegonia?male plants alternate with female plants?the sporophyte generation alternates with the gametophyte generation?the vascular generation alternates with the nonvascular generation?All of the listed responses are correct.Gametangia are __________.?the site of development of the fertilized egg in algae?single-celled in algae, multicellular in most plants?structures specialized for gradual spore discharge?responsible for the plant's ability to retain moisture in arid environments?multicellular in algae, single-celled in most plantsIn charophytes, __________ protect(s) zygotes from desiccation.?sporopollenin?cuticles?lignin?stomata?tanninsWhich is a key difference between alternation of generations in plants and sexual reproduction in nonplant organisms?In plants, only haploid stage is multicellularIn other sexually reproducing organisms, the fusion of gametes forms a zygote before an embryo developsIn plants, the haploid and diploid stages are both multicellularIn other sexually reproducing organisms, the haploid and diploid generations are both multicellularIn plants, the haploid generation is always dependent on the diploid generation.The development of the __________ prevents plants from drying out and protects them from microbes.?peristomes?cuticle?stomata?apical meristem?gametangiaWhich example below is a clade of nonvascular plants??bryophytes?pterophytes –ferns ?lycophytes – club mosses?seed plants - gymnosperms?None of the listed responses is correct; all land plants have vascular tissue.Which term is most nearly synonymous with land plants? – multicellular dependent embryo?photoautotrophs?embryophytes?tracheophytes?vascular plants?seed plantsA major division in plant systematics is based on whether a particular species has __________.?gametophytes?alternation of generations?sporophytes?vascular tissue?apical meristemsThe gametophyte stage of the plant life cycle is most conspicuous in __________.?ferns?seed plants?club mosses?horsetails?mossesWhat structures allow plants to readily take up carbon dioxide from the atmosphere??cuticles?capsules?stomata?mitochondria?gametangiaWhen you see a green, "leafy" moss, you are looking at the __________.?structure that results directly from a fertilized egg?sporophyte generation?structure where meiosis occurs?spore-producing structure?gametophyte generationRhizoids __________.?play a primary role in water and mineral absorption?contain specialized conducting cells?anchor the gametophytes of bryophytes?are found in liverworts and hornworts, but not in mosses?Which of the following produces eggs and sperm?megaspores?moss gametophytes?megaphylls?fern sporophytes?moss sporangiaFertilization in moss occurs when sperm swim from a(n) __________ and down the neck of a(n) __________.?antheridium ... archegonium?sporangium ... antheridium?archegonium ... antheridium?antheridium ... sporangium?sporangium ... archegoniumThe gametophyte generation of a moss __________. – all the way till fertilization which then young diploid sporophyte is produced. ?has tracheids, but no vessel elements?is rarely encountered, compared with the sporophyte?produces spores?is haploid?is dependent on the sporophyteHow are gametes produced by bryophytes? Meiosis produces spores?by meiosis of spores?by meiosis of gametophyte cells?by mitosis of gametophyte cells?by meiosis of sporophyte cells?by mitosis of sporesIn mosses, haploid __________ directly produce buds that grow into gametophores.?protonemata?gametophores?antheridia?archegonia?sporesWhich structure of a bryophyte sporophyte is specialized for gradual spore discharge??stomata?capsule?peristome?seta?footIn which bryophyte structure specifically does a zygote develop into an embryo??archegonium?stomata?seta?peristome?antheridiumSphagnum is a __________ that forms extensive deposits of partially decayed organic material.?moss?club moss?liverwort?lycophyte?quillwortIn the life cycle of a fern, the multicellular male gametangium (the sex organ that produces sperm cells) is called a(n) __________.?frond?sporangium?rhizoid?archegonium?antheridiumIn the life cycle of ferns, the multicellular female gametangium (the sex organ that contains an egg) is a(n) __________.?rhizome?archegonium?antheridium?frond?sporangiumFerns and mosses are limited mostly to moist environments because __________.?they lack vascular tissue?their seeds do not store water?they have swimming sperm?their pollen is carried by water?they lack cuticles and stomataWhat is the evolutionary significance of megaphylls? –essentially a leaf?They increase the surface area for absorption of nutrients.?They are modified leaves that have sporangia.?They provide a way to transport water and nutrients throughout the plant’s body.?They increase the surface area for photosynthesis.?They allow plants to grow taller.The “dots” on the underside of a fern frond are spore cases; therefore, what is true of the plant to which the frond belongs??It is a sporophyte.?It is a gamete.?It is a gametophyte.?It is a spermatophyte.?It is a spore.Where would you find a fern gametophyte??on moist soil?attached to the underground stem (rhizoids)?in a freshwater stream?inside a dissected seed?on the underside of the leaf (frond)Technically, the gametophyte has rhizoids.. Fern gametophytes are __________.?found on the underside of fern leaves (fronds)?part of the asexual life cycle?produced from haploid gametes – produce haploid gametes ( bisexual)?photosynthetic diploid organisms?free-living, multicellular organisms - haploidTo examine meiosis in ferns, you would study __________.?both the antheridia and the archegonia?both the archegonia and the sporangia?the archegonia?the antheridia?the sporangia – where meiosis occurs to form spores…Vascular tissues of plants include __________.?xylem for conducting water and minerals, and phloem for conducting dissolved organic molecules?xylem for conducting organic molecules, and phloem for conducting water and minerals?lignin for conducting organic molecules, and phloem for conducting sugars?phloem for conducting water and minerals, and lignin for conducting organic molecules?cuticles for conducting water, and phloem for conducting organic moleculesHeterosporous plants produce __________.?megaspores that bear antheridia and microspores that bear archegonia?seeds?megaspores that develop into female gametophytes and microspores that develop into male gametophytes?megaspores that develop into male gametophytes and microspores that develop into female gametophytes?spores that produce both archegonia and antheridiaSori can be found in which of the following??pterophytes?charophytes?liverworts?hornworts?mossesIn sporophyte ferns, the leaves are __________.?blades?megaphylls – really the only one you have to know. – female..?protonemata?microphylls?sporangiaThe first large forests formed in the Carboniferous Period. The decrease in CO2 levels by all of these plants caused __________.?the formation of fewer stomata in plant leaves?seed plants to become the dominant types of plants on Earth?global cooling?global warming?a lack of CO2 for photosynthesis ................
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