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MPP Concentrations (Optional)The MPP Program offers seven policy-area specializations: Environment and Energy Policy, Health Policy, International Development Policy, National Security and Foreign Policy, Social Policy, and Technology Policy for which certificates are awarded upon graduation. Basic requirements to earn a specialization certificate include: completing 9 credits of coursework in the specified area (either one, three-credit foundations course plus six elective course credits, or, for specializations without a designated foundations course, nine approved elective course credits); completion of a summer internship related to the specialization; writing a Master’s Project on a specialization-area topic.Environment and Energy Policy: The environment and energy policy concentration at the Sanford School of Policy prepares graduates for leadership positions in government agencies, environmental and energy policy and advocacy organizations, other not-for-profit sector institutions, and industry. Students with a focus on environment and energy policy will be introduced to such issues as energy and climate policy, sustainability, environmental economics and regulation.Health Policy: The health policy concentration within the MPP Program introduces students to key domestic and international issues, including the impact of social determinants of health, organization and financing of healthcare delivery systems, technology and health, and health and human rights.?Students choosing this concentration may focus their studies on either domestic or global health.International Development Policy: International development policy requires a firm foundation of knowledge about development challenges and experiences, ability to apply a wide range of evaluative and analytical tools, an interdisciplinary approach to problem-solving, and communications skills. This concentration offers options for MPP students to tailor training in international development for a variety of careers. Graduates have secured jobs in applied development research, consulting, public financial analysis, impact and project evaluation, and management positions in government and non-government organizations.Core MPP courses in economics, policy analysis, and statistics provide a solid grounding in the practical tools necessary for work in development. In addition, the foundation course, Globalization and Governance, covers international political, economic, and social implications of globalization, the design and operation of global governance institutions, and current policy issues of security and human rights.MPP students interested in this concentration must select nine additional credits from a wide array of international development elective courses available at Sanford and across Duke taught by tenure-line faculty and practitioners.National Security and Foreign Policy: The National Security and Foreign Policy Concentration prepares MPP students to assume positions in the national security community, including consulting firms with federal contracts. Graduates have secured jobs in key executive departments, such as defense, state, and homeland security, as well as in intelligence agencies and consulting firms. The economic outlook for employment in the national security community (including homeland security) is outstanding and unique.??This concentration equips students to understand the national security policymaking process and provides an opportunity to study in depth the national security challenges of the 21st century. ?The program provides a solid and diverse background on fundamental issues to prepare future public policymakers and practitioners to address the problems facing the United States. The goal is to provide a broad exposure to the theoretical and practical aspects of national security policy, in combination with more specialized subjects into which students may dive deeply through a variety of electives, such as terrorism, cyber, and American grand strategy.Social Policy: Many important public policy issues concern social problems: welfare, education, crime, childcare, employment, wealth, and income inequalities. Social issues often affect various elements of society differently, so that analyses must take into account concerns about equity, ethics and politics. Proposed solutions often involve “programs,” which are distinct interventions that can be evaluated rigorously for their efficiency and effectiveness.Further, the implementation of social policy often involves multiple levels of government: local, national and international. Social policy students may specialize in such areas as: education; child and family; crime, law and deviance; race, ethnicity and gender; wealth, inequality and the welfare state; and urban planning and development.Technology Policy: Technology continues to impact society across all industry sectors and aspects of daily life. Sanford’s focus on technology policy prepares students to address issues of government support for innovation and actions to mitigate the negative impacts that technology can make on individuals’ lives. The Technology Policy Concentration prepares students to assume positions in public service, the private sector and nonprofits dealing with public policy issues associated with technology innovation. These positions include roles as legislative staff, executive agency analysts, national security and law enforcement jobs, company government affairs managers, lobbying consultants and civil society advocates.?This concentration equips students to understand the different roles that organizations play in the development of technology public policy, including legislatures, regulatory agencies, international organizations, standards setting bodies, civil society organizations, private sector technology companies, telecommunications companies and lobbying consultants. The concentration focuses on the technology policy implications in national security, healthcare, media and gender violence prevention. The overlapping issues of ethics, privacy, cybersecurity, free expression and the impact on historically disenfranchised populations cut across all aspects of the curriculum. ................
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