BSC 197
BSC 197
Summer 12
Study Guide for Exam 2
Note: The test will be written in such a way that someone with perfect memorization of keywords would get a middle B. There will be questions that will test if you understand the relationships between ideas and if you can use the memorized information to form ideas of your own. I use the word understand rather than just know for that reason.
Part 1-Vacuoles, Mitochondria and Chloroplasts
You should know and understand:
The structure and roles for large vacuoles in plants
The general structure and function of chloroplasts and mitochondria
The endosymbiant theory
Part 2-Cytoskeleton
You should know and understand:
The functions of the cytoskeleton
Microfilaments, microtubules and intermediate filaments including
Their composition and structure
Their various roles in cellular function
Centrioles and their structure and functions
Cell movement via cilia and flagella
Part 3-Cell Junctions and Cell Surfaces
You should know and understand:
Why cell surfaces are important biologically
Plant cell walls, lamella and plasmodesmata
The extracellular matrix of animal cells including:
The component molecules and structure
The roles of ECM
Intercellular junctions
The three types of junctions that animal cells make and what each is used for
How emergent properties relates to cells and tissue
Part 4- Cell Communication and Energy in Biology
You should know and understand:
The general mechanisms of communication via direct contact, short-range, and long range.
The general mechanisms of reception, transduction, and response
The role of ligands and receptors.
Cytoplasmic and Nuclear Responses
The two main types of organisms as defined by how they obtain energy
How these organisms interact
The role of saprophytes in an ecosystem
How photosynthesis and cellular respiration are complementary processes
The input and output of photosynthesis and respiration
How chloroplasts initiate photosynthesis
Part 5-Light reactions of photosynthesis
You should know and understand:
Where in the cells, light reactions take place
How chlorophyll obtains solar energy
The absorption of light spectra
Electron excitation
The components and functions of Photosystems I and II and how they interact
You should be able to follow an electron through the two photosystems
Noncyclic and cyclic electron flow and the energetic outcome of each
Part 6-Calvin cycle of photosynthesis
You should know and understand:
The three stages of the Calvin cycle and what is accomplished in each stage
The main molecules involved (found in lecture outlines)
How a plant obtains CO2
Why photorespiration is bad and how C4 and CAM plants avoid it
Part 7-Cellular Respiration 1: Glycolysis and Krebs cycle
You should know and understand:
The input and output of respiration and the derivation of these molecules
Understand how oxidation-reduction reactions work
The three stages (and two transition steps) of cellular respiration
Where, in the cell, each stage of respiration takes place
The "overall" concept of what takes place in each stage of respiration along with the net energy gain achieved in each stage
Part 8-Cellular Respiration 2: Electron transport and Oxidative phosphorylation
You should know and understand:
The role of high energy electrons, H+ gradients and ATP synthase in respiration
Two types of fermentation, and under what conditions they happen
How a cell decides whether to undergo respiration or fermentation
How other macromolecules can be included in respiration
Two modes of feedback regulation of respiration
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