BSC 197



BSC 197

Summer 12

Study Guide for Exam 2

Note: The test will be written in such a way that someone with perfect memorization of keywords would get a middle B. There will be questions that will test if you understand the relationships between ideas and if you can use the memorized information to form ideas of your own. I use the word understand rather than just know for that reason.

Part 1-Vacuoles, Mitochondria and Chloroplasts

You should know and understand:

The structure and roles for large vacuoles in plants

The general structure and function of chloroplasts and mitochondria

The endosymbiant theory

Part 2-Cytoskeleton

You should know and understand:

The functions of the cytoskeleton

Microfilaments, microtubules and intermediate filaments including

Their composition and structure

Their various roles in cellular function

Centrioles and their structure and functions

Cell movement via cilia and flagella

Part 3-Cell Junctions and Cell Surfaces

You should know and understand:

Why cell surfaces are important biologically

Plant cell walls, lamella and plasmodesmata

The extracellular matrix of animal cells including:

The component molecules and structure

The roles of ECM

Intercellular junctions

The three types of junctions that animal cells make and what each is used for

How emergent properties relates to cells and tissue

 

 

Part 4- Cell Communication and Energy in Biology

You should know and understand:

The general mechanisms of communication via direct contact, short-range, and long range.

The general mechanisms of reception, transduction, and response

The role of ligands and receptors.

Cytoplasmic and Nuclear Responses

The two main types of organisms as defined by how they obtain energy

How these organisms interact

The role of saprophytes in an ecosystem

How photosynthesis and cellular respiration are complementary processes

The input and output of photosynthesis and respiration

How chloroplasts initiate photosynthesis

 

Part 5-Light reactions of photosynthesis

You should know and understand:

Where in the cells, light reactions take place

How chlorophyll obtains solar energy

The absorption of light spectra

Electron excitation

The components and functions of Photosystems I and II and how they interact

You should be able to follow an electron through the two photosystems

Noncyclic and cyclic electron flow and the energetic outcome of each

Part 6-Calvin cycle of photosynthesis

You should know and understand:

The three stages of the Calvin cycle and what is accomplished in each stage

The main molecules involved (found in lecture outlines)

How a plant obtains CO2

Why photorespiration is bad and how C4 and CAM plants avoid it

Part 7-Cellular Respiration 1: Glycolysis and Krebs cycle

You should know and understand:

The input and output of respiration and the derivation of these molecules

Understand how oxidation-reduction reactions work

The three stages (and two transition steps) of cellular respiration

Where, in the cell, each stage of respiration takes place

The "overall" concept of what takes place in each stage of respiration along with the net energy gain achieved in each stage

Part 8-Cellular Respiration 2: Electron transport and Oxidative phosphorylation

You should know and understand:

 

The role of high energy electrons, H+ gradients and ATP synthase in respiration

Two types of fermentation, and under what conditions they happen

How a cell decides whether to undergo respiration or fermentation

How other macromolecules can be included in respiration

Two modes of feedback regulation of respiration

 

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