Lesson 1.2 Energy Sources



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|Lesson 1.2 Energy Sources |

Concepts

Energy source classifications include nonrenewable, renewable, and inexhaustible.

Energy source processes include harnessing, storing, transporting, and converting.

Energy often needs to be converted from one form to another to meet the needs of a given system.

An understanding of work, energy, and power is required to determine system efficiency.

An understanding of the basics of electricity requires the understanding of the three fundamental concepts of voltage, current, and resistance.

The atomic structure of a material determines whether it is a conductor, an insulator, or a semiconductor.

Performance Objectives

It is expected that students will:

Identify and categorize energy sources as nonrenewable, renewable, or inexhaustible.

Create and deliver a presentation to explain a specific energy source.

Summarize and reflect upon information collected during a visit to a local utility company.

Define the possible types of power conversion.

Calculate work and power.

Demonstrate the correct use of a digital multimeter.

Calculate power in a system that converts energy from electrical to mechanical.

Determine efficiency of a system that converts an electrical input to a mechanical output.

Calculate circuit resistance, current, and voltage using Ohm’s law.

Understand the advantages and disadvantages of parallel and series circuit design in an application.

Essential Questions

1. What sources of energy are available for use? What are the benefits and drawbacks regarding efficiency, usefulness, and the environment?

2. What emerging technologies are or may be on the horizon that will provide energy more efficiently?

3. What are the different energy sources that are used to deliver energy to your community?

4. Describe examples in your community of individuals or businesses harnessing their own energy.

5. Describe where and how the electricity that reaches your home is produced.

6. Describe and identify inefficient use of energy and power at home, school, or work.

7. What is the relationship between resistance, current, and voltage within an electrical system?

8. Explain the distinguishing characteristics between series and parallel circuits.

9. Describe how to calculate the efficiency of an electrical mechanical system.

Key Terms

|Alternative Energy |Any source of energy other than fossil fuels that is used for constructive purposes. |

|Ampere |The unit of electric current in the meter-kilogram-second system of units. Referred to as amp and |

| |symbolized as A. |

|Biomass |Plant materials and animal waste used especially as a source of fuel. |

|Current |The net transfer of electric charge (electron movement along a path) per unit of time. |

|Electrical Energy |Energy caused by the movement of electrons. |

|Electricity |The flow of electrical power or charge. |

|Electromagnetic Induction |The production of electricity in conductors with the use of magnets. |

|Efficiency |The ratio of the useful energy delivered by a dynamic system to the energy supplied to it. |

|Energy |A fundamental entity of nature that is transferred between parts of a system in the production of |

| |physical change within the system and usually regarded as the capacity for doing work. |

|Energy Conversion |Changing one form of energy to another. |

|Environmental Protection Agency |An organization that works to develop and enforce regulations that implement environmental laws |

| |enacted by Congress. |

|Fossil Fuel |A natural fuel such as coal or gas, formed in the geological past from the remains of living |

| |organisms. |

|Generator |A dynamo or similar machine for converting mechanical energy into electricity. |

|Geothermal Energy |The use of heat from within the Earth or from the atmosphere near oceans. |

|Gravitational Energy |The state when objects are not yet in motion. |

|Induction |The production of an electric or magnetic state by the proximity (without contact) of an electrified|

| |or magnetized body. |

|Inexhaustible Energy |An energy source that will never run out. |

|Kinetic Energy |Energy which a body possesses by virtue of being in motion. |

|Nonrenewable Energy |A resource that cannot be replaced once used. |

|Ohm |The unit of electric resistance in the meter-kilogram-second system of units. Symbolized as Ω. |

|Ohm’s Law |States that the direct current flowing in an electric circuit is directly proportional to the |

| |voltage applied to the circuit. |

|Parallel Circuit |A closed electrical circuit in which the current is divided into two or more paths and then returns |

| |via a common path to complete the circuit. |

|Potential Energy |The energy that a piece of matter has because of its position or nature or because of the |

| |arrangement of parts. |

|Power Converter |Changes one form of power to another. |

|Power Grid |A system that links electricity produced in power stations to deliver it to where it is needed. |

|Renewable Energy |A resource that can be replaced when needed. |

|Resistance |The opposition that a device or material offers to the flow of direct current. |

|Work |A result of a force moving an object a certain distance. |

|Turbine |A machine for producing power in which a wheel or rotor is made to revolve by a fast-moving flow of |

| |water, steam, gas, or air. |

|Power |The rate at which work is performed or energy is expended. |

|Rotor |The rotating member of an electrical machine. |

|Series Circuit |A circuit in which all parts are connected end to end to provide a single path of current. |

|Volt |The unit of potential difference symbolized as V. |

|Voltage |The potential difference measured in volts. The amount of work to be done to move a charge from one |

| |point to another along an electric circuit. |

Instructional Resources

Presentations

Energy Sources

Introduction to Electricity

Work, Energy, and Power

Word Documents

Activity 1.2.1 Energy Sources

Activity 1.2.2 Energy Distribution

Activity 1.2.3 Electrical Circuits

Activity 1.2.4 Circuit Calculations

Activity 1.2.5a Mechanical Efficiency Winch

Activity 1.2.5 Mechanical System Efficiency

Lesson 1.2 Key Terms Crossword

Reference Sources

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Oxford English Dictionary. (n.d.). OED Online. Retrieved January 18, 2008, from

Relay and Switch Industry Association (RSIA). (1996). Engineers’ relay handbook (5th ed.). Arlington, VA: Author.

Tokheim, R.L. (1999). Digital electronics: Principles and applications. (5th ed.). Columbus, OH: Glencoe McGraw-Hill.

U.S. Department of Energy. (2006). Green power markets. Retrieved April 3, 2008, from /netmetering.shtml

Webster, J.G. (1999). The measurement, instrumentation, and sensors handbook. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.

Western Oregon University (n.d.) Work, energy and power: The basics. Retrieved April 4, 2008, from EnergyBasics/EnergyBasics.htm

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