SNC 2D1



STRAND I : CHEMISTRYTerms that you should be familiar with:mattermetalprotonphysical propertypure substanceneutronchemical propertyatomelectronmetalelementnucleusviscositymoleculeorbitallustrecompoundgroup (vertical)combustibilitychemical formulaperiod (horzontal)physical changemixturenon-metalchemical changehomogeneous mixturemetalloidatomic numberheterogeneous mixturemass numbermalleabilityductilityConcepts that you should be familiar with:List physical and chemical properties of a substance, and know the difference. Think of desirable physical and chemical properties of a substance for a specific use.Determine whether a change is chemical or physical, and be able to explain how you know. You should be able to do this for real-life changes (i.e. rusting, fireworks) Know the difference between a pure substance and a mixture.Understand, and be able to illustrate the difference between the following pure substances: atoms, elements, molecules, compounds.Understand and be able to provide real-life examples of homogeneous and heterogeneous mixtures.Identify the subatomic particles and their charges, locations, and relative masses.Understand how the periodic table is organized, including the separation of metals, non-metals, metalloids, and the use of groups and periods. Can you explain three trends (patterns) seen on the table?Be able to determine the number of protons, electrons, and neutrons if you are given atomic number and mass number.The important role that chemistry plays in your life.Chemistry : Practice Problems1. A substance is white, shiny, malleable, is very hard, has a melting point of 500oC, and fizzes when added to acid. Make a list of the physical properties of the substance.Make a list of the chemical properties of the substance.Do you think this substance is a metal? Why or why not?2. Describe the physical and chemical properties that would have to be considered in choosing a metal to be used to make braces.3. For each change, determine and justify whether it is chemical or physical:ice meltsii) a car rustsa mug shattersiv)a snowflake formsbread gets moldyvi)sugar is stirred into coffee4. Determine which element is in each spot on the periodic table.a) group 8, period 6b) group 15, period 2c) group 2, period 7d) group 4, period 66. List all of the periods on the periodic table to include at least one metal.7. Fill in the table:ElementMass number# of protons# of electrons# of neutronsBeryllium9Fluorine19Silver1088. Make a sketch of an atom and label the subatomic particles.9. Do you think that your life would be any different if nobody had ever studied chemistry? Explain.STRAND II : PHYSICSTerms that you should be familiar with:electrostaticsloadcurrentchargeswitchvoltageelectronenergy sourcevoltmeterFrictioninductioncontactparallel circuitseries circuitammeterinsulatorconductorcircuitConcepts that you should be familiar with:what is static electricity?3 ways to charge an object (friction and contact, induction), and the types of charges resulting from each method (i.e. object charged by contact gets same charge as object that charged it) behaviour of charged objects (likes repel, opposites attract, charged attracts neutral)using flux lines and electrical fields to explain the laws of electric chargeinsulators and conductors using the electrostatic series to predict how charges will move from one object to anotherreal-life applications of static electricity (getting a shock, hair standing up, lightning) electric circuits (understand what is a complete circuit and what is not) and their componentsdrawing circuit diagrams electric circuit properties; be able to describe voltage and current and provide unitshow to measure current and voltage in a circuitdifference between series and parallel circuitswhy energy conservation is important Physics : Practice ProblemsDefine the following:static electricitycurrent electricityinsulatorconductorvoltage (potential difference)currentflux lineIf an object gains electrons it is ____________________ charged, and if it loses electrons, it is _____________________ charged.When something is charged, we say that it has either gained or lost electrons. Why don’t we talk about it gaining or losing protons and neutrons?4. Often when you pull off your wool toque, your hair stands up on end.What type of charging is this?Describe what would happen if you brought your charged toque near a neutral object.5. What is the difference between an insulator and a conductor? Give an example of 1 of each in your house.6. Draw the flux lines around charged objects to determine the electrical field. Use flux lines and electrical fields to show how like objects repel and unlike objects attract.7. Draw diagrams to explain charging by contact, charging by induction, and charging by friction.8. Draw a circuit with one battery, three lightbulbs in series, and one switch. 9. Draw a circuit diagram with 2 batteries in series, and 4 lightbulbs in parallel.10. State one pro of series circuits and one pro of parallel circuits.STRAND III : BIOLOGYTerms that you should be familiar with:EcosystemHerbivoreTrophic levelBioticOmnivoreCarrying capacityAbioticCarnivoreHeterotrophNatural ecosystemBiodiversityAutotrophArtificial ecosystemPopulationMutualismFood ChainCommunityCommensalismFood WebDecomposerParasitismProducerPhotosynthesisPredationConsumerRespirationExtinctionConcepts that you should be familiar with:What is an ecosystem?Biotic and abiotic factors and their impacts on ecosystemsFood chains and websMatter cycling – why must matter be cycled in ecosystems?Energy source in an ecosystemStresses on ecosystems (lack of nutrients, space, water, energy, predators and the effects on the carrying capacity)Population calculations (finding the change in a population based on births, deaths, immigration, emigration)The Carbon CycleThe Nitrogen CycleEcological relationships in ecosystems (parasitism, mutualism, etc.)Human activity that impacts the ecosystem (invasive species, over hunting and fishing, our human footprint, etc.)At-Risk classifications and possible causesBiology : Practice Problems1. Using the following organisms: deer, shrub, wolfcreate a food chainidentify the trophic level of each organismidentify each as a producer, consumer or decomposerIf the primary consumer were to become extinct, what would happen to the producer and the secondary consumer.identify each as a herbivore, carnivore or omnivorecreate a food web that also includes other living things2. What is the difference between an ecosystem, population and a community? Which one would you look at if you were trying to assess the health of an ecosystem?Make a list of 4 biotic and 4 abiotic factors of a lake ecosystem.4. Explain how each of the following factors could lead to the extinction of a species.poor reproductive successcompetition from a species newly introduced into an ecosystemchange in climatehunting by humans5. Define the terms herbivore, carnivore, and omnivore, and give an example of each.6. Describe, using energy flow, why a red fox must eat more than a porcupine in order to survive.7. Define the term succession.8. Explain why we, as humans, should be concerned about the health and sustainability of our local ecosystems.9. Explain, in general terms, the processes of photosynthesis and cellular respiration (ex. Use our ecosystem in the jar!).10. Explain biodiversity and explain why it is important.Give three positive and three negative impacts of humans on ecosystems.STRAND IV : EARTH SCIENCETerms that you should be familiar with:AstronomyStarAstronomical unitGalaxyUniverseConstellationSatelliteMeteorCometSolar systemPlanetAsteriodSunLightyearConcepts that you should be familiar with:What is the universe?Try to explain how big our universe is.What objects are in our solar system?Describe each of the planets in our solar system.What is the difference between an asteroid, meteor, and comet?What are constellations?Proper use of light years and astronomical unitsDifferences between planets and starsExplain the hierarchy of the universeCharacteristics of the sun and other starsEarth Science : Practice ProblemsDefine the following:universegalaxysolar systemplanetstarconstellationcometasteroidorbitlight yearastronomical unitList at least 1 key characteristic of all planets.List at least 3 key characteristics of stars.Name the planets in their order from the sun out. Identify the inner and outer planets. State the differences between inner and outer planets.5. Explain what a star constellation is, and name one constellations. 8. Describe four differences between planets and stars.9. Should space exploration continue? Why or why not? For example, is a mission to Mars important? Or, is it important to build huge space telescopes to take pictures of outer space? State reasons to support or argue for this, and against it. ................
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