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Summary Chart of the Twelve Main Verb TensesAn Overview of the Twelve Main Verb TensesSIMPLEFORMSSIMPLEPROGRESSIVEPRESENTPresent Simple She walks.Present ProgressiveShe is walking.PASTPast SimpleShe walked.Past ProgressiveShe was walking.FUTUREFuture SimpleShe will walk.Future ProgressiveShe will be walking.PERFECT FORMSPRESENTPresent Perfect SimpleShe has walked.You'll notice that "for" and "since" are often clues to use the Present Perfect verb tense instead of the Simple Past.Present Perfect ProgressiveShe has been walking.PASTPast Perfect SimpleShe had walked.Past Perfect ProgressiveShe had been walking.FUTUREFuture Perfect SimpleShe will have walked.Future Perfect ProgressiveShe will have been walking.The Simple Tenses Present SimpleHe lives in Vietnam too and works as an engineer.She travels a lot for her job.For facts, universal truths, and repeated actionsFacts: He lives in Vietnam, He works as an engineerRepeated actions: She travels again and againPresent ProgressiveKatie is living in Vietnam at the moment. For events happening right now or sometimes used for future with or without ‘going to’Future Simple Her next trip, in a few weeks, will be to Brazil. For events in the futureFuture Progressive She'll be working for them next year as well. For events transpiring for a period of time in the futurePast SimpleHer mother sat down beside him. For completed actions in the pastPast ProgressiveKatie’s father was sitting in the park when her mother sat down beside him.For actions in the past transpiring for a period of time. Also, interrupted actions in the past. He was sitting for a period of time when she sat down and interrupted whatever he was doing.The Six Perfect TensesPresent Perfect SimpleKatie has studied many languages.At some vague time in her life she studied, she may still study. Itis unknown.Present Perfect ProgressiveShe has been studying Vietnamese for months.She began studying in the past and continued to study for a period of time. She is still studying in the present.Future Perfect SimpleShe'll have traveled over 120,000 miles by December. As of some point in the future we can state that the action will have occurred at some vague point in time in the past. In other words, as of next December, the action of travel will have been completed.Future Perfect ProgressiveShe'll have been sitting for over 18 hours by the time she arrives! As of some point in the future we can say that she began to sit in the past sits for a period of time (18 hours) and will be sitting in the future.Past Perfect Simple Her boss telephoned to let her know that her company had decided to merge with a company in Australia. Used for actions in the past which happen before other past actions in simple past. In the example to the left, the companies had already decided to merge before he telephoned to tell her.Past Perfect ProgressiveThe two companies had been negotiating for the past month. (when they reached an agreement)Used for ongoing actions that transpired in the far past which were interrupted. They had been negotiating for some time before the decision was made. ................
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