Tense - Denton Independent School District



|Tense |Meaning/uses |Endings |Irregulars |Stem changes |Spelling changes |Special notes |

| | |AR Endings |Ir-voy |Traer-traigo | |Yo form |Ir + a + inf. |

| |Present tense |-o |Ser-soy |Caer-caigo |e→ie, o→ue or |ger,gir = g→j, |Going to do |

|Present | |-amos |Estar-estoy |Oír-oigo |e→i |cer,cir = c→zc | |

| |I go, you dance | |Dar-doy |Ver-veo | | |Tener + que + inf |

| | |-as |Tener-tengo |Caber-quepo |in “the boot” |-uir verbs have a “y” in the |Have to do |

| | |-áis |Venir-vengo |Saber-sé | |boot | |

| | | |Decir-digo |Haber-hay | | | |

| | |-a |Salir-salgo | | | | |

| | |-an |Poner-pongo | | | | |

| | | | | | | | |

| | |ER Endings | | | | | |

| | |-o | | | | | |

| | |-emos | | | | | |

| | | | | | | | |

| | |-es | | | | | |

| | |-éis | | | | | |

| | | | | | | | |

| | |-e | | | | | |

| | |-en | | | | | |

| | | | | | | | |

| | |IR Endings | | | | | |

| | |-o | | | | | |

| | |-imos | | | | | |

| | | | | | | | |

| | |-es | | | | | |

| | |-ís | | | | | |

| | | | | | | | |

| | |-e | | | | | |

| | |-en | | | | | |

| | | | | | | | |

| | |AR Endings |FUIVIDI Verbs |estar - estuv | |Car, Gar, Zar verbs. | |

| |Simple, completed |-é |(No accents) |tener - tuv |IR verbs ONLY!! |YO ONLY |I ate yesterday. |

|Preterite |action |-amos |IRREGS |poder - pud |e→i or o→ue |c→qu |Comí ayer. |

| | | |New root + irreg. ending |poner - pus |3rd p.s & p |g→gu | |

| | |-aste |Irregular endings |saber-sup |“bottom shelf” |z→c | |

| | |-asteis |-e |caber-cup | | | |

| | | |-imos |haber-hub | | | |

| | |-ó | |*decir - dij | | | |

| | |-aron |-iste |*traer - traj | | | |

| | | |-isteis |*conducir -conduj | | | |

| | | | | | | | |

| | |ER & IR Endings |-o |*no “i” in 3rd pp Ex: | | | |

| | |-í |-ieron |dijeron | | | |

| | |-imos | | | | | |

| | | | | | | | |

| | |-iste |venir – vin | | | | |

| | |-isteis |querer-quis | | | | |

| | | |hacer - *hic | | | | |

| | |-ió |(*3rd p.s.= hizo) | | | | |

| | |-ieron |andar – anduv | | | | |

| | | | | | | | |

| |Used to |Drop Ar, add endings |Ser | | | |

| |Description in past |AR Endings |Era | | |We used to play with dolls.|

|Imperfect |Was, were –ing |-aba | |NONE |NONE |Jugábamos con muñecas. |

| |Mental activity |ábamos |Ir-to go | | | |

| |(wanted, knew etc) | |Iba | | |I wanted to go. |

| | |-abas | | | |Quería ir. |

| | |-abais |Ver | | | |

| | | |veía | | | |

| | |-aba | | | | |

| | |-aban | | | | |

| | | | | | | |

| | |ER/IR Endings | | | | |

| | |-ía | | | | |

| | |-íamos | | | | |

| | | | | | | |

| | |-ías | | | | |

| | |-íais | | | | |

| | | | | | | |

| | |-ía | | | | |

| | |-ían | | | | |

| | | | | | | |

|Tense |Meaning/uses |Endings |Irregulars |Stem changes |Spelling changes |Special notes |

| | |Add endings to the infinitive.|Root + infinitive | | |Will you come? |

| |Will, won’t |All Endings |(ex. in Yo form) | | |¿Vendrás? |

|Future | |-é |tener- tendré |NONE |NONE |I wonder where Tomás is? |

| |Probability, wonderment in |-emos |poner-pondré | | |¿Dónde estará Tomás? |

| |present | |venir-vendré | | | |

| | |-ás |salir-saldré | | |The Future is related to the |

| | |-éis |valer-valdré | | |present. |

| | | |poder-podré | | | |

| | |-á |querer-querré | | | |

| | |-án |saber-sabré | | | |

| | | |caber-cabré | | | |

| | | |haber-habré | | | |

| | | |hacer-haré | | | |

| | | |decir-diré | | | |

| | |Add endings to the infinitive.|Root + infinitive | | |Would you come? |

| |Would |All Endings |(ex. in Yo form) | | |¿Vendrías? |

|Conditional | |-ía |tener- tendría |NONE |NONE |I wonder where Tomás was? |

| |Probability, wonderment in |-íamos |poner-pondría | | |¿Dónde estaría Tomás? |

| |past | |venir-vendría | | | |

| | |-ías |salir-saldría | | |The conditional is related to|

| | |-íais |valer-valdría | | |the past. |

| | | |poder-podría | | | |

| | |-ía |querer-querría | | | |

| | |-ían |saber-sabría | | | |

| | | |caber-cabría | | | |

| | | |haber-habría | | | |

| | | |hacer-haría | | | |

| | | |decir-diría | | | |

|Tense |Meaning/uses |Endings |Irregulars |Stem changes |Spelling changes |Special notes |

| | |Haber + -ado, -ido |Irreg. participles | | | |

| |Has, have done |(in present) |Romper-roto | | |I have eaten. |

|Present |(eaten, lived, etc) | |Escribir-escrito |NONE |Double vowel |He comido. |

|Perfect | |Haber-present |Volver-vuelto | |Er/Ir verbs need accent | |

| | |he |Ver-visto | |Leer-leído |She has gone to bed. |

| | |hemos |Morir-muerto | |Traer-traído |Se ha acostado. |

| | | |Abrir-abierto | | | |

| | |has |Cubrir-cubierto | | | |

| | |habéis |Poner-puesto | | | |

| | | |Hacer-hecho | | | |

| | |ha |Decir-dicho | | | |

| | |han | | | | |

| | | | | | | |

| | |Haber + -ado, -ido |Irreg. participles | | | |

| |Had done |(in imperfect) |REVV MAC PHD | | |I had eaten. |

|Past |(eaten, lived, etc) | | |NONE |Double vowel |Había comido. |

|Perfect | |Haber-imperfect | | |Er/Ir verbs need accent | |

|(Pluperfect) | |había | | |Leer-leído |He had already showered. |

| | |habíamos | | |Traer-traído |Se había duchado ya. |

| | | | | | | |

| | |habías | | | | |

| | |habíais | | | | |

| | | | | | | |

| | |había | | | | |

| | |habían | | | | |

| | | | | | | |

|Future |Will have done |Haber + -ado, -ido |Irreg. participles |NONE |Double vowel |I will have studied. |

|Perfect |(eaten, lived, etc) |(in future) |REVV MAC PHD | |Er/Ir verbs need accent |Yo habré estudiado. |

| | | | | |Leer-leído | |

| | |Haber-future | | |Traer-traído | |

| | |habré | | | | |

| | |habremos | | | | |

| | | | | | | |

| | |habrás | | | | |

| | |habréis | | | | |

| | | | | | | |

| | |habrá | | | | |

| | |habrán | | | | |

| | | | | | | |

|Conditional |Would have done |Haber + -ado, -ido |Irreg. participles |NONE |Double vowel |I would have gone. |

|Perfect |(eaten, lived, etc) |(in conditional) |REVV MAC PHD | |Er/Ir verbs need accent |Yo habría ido |

| | | | | |Leer-leído | |

| | |Haber-conditional | | |Traer-traído | |

| | |habría | | | | |

| | |habríamos | | | | |

| | | | | | | |

| | |habrías | | | | |

| | |habríais | | | | |

| | | | | | | |

| | |habría | | | | |

| | |habrían | | | | |

| | | | | | | |

|Tense |Meaning/uses |Endings |Irregulars |Stem changes |Spelling changes|Special notes |

| | |1. YO form pres. Indicative |Ir-vaya |Some irreg “yo” from pres.|AR/ER Verbs |Car, Gar, Zar |I want you to go. |

| |After verbs of: |2. drop “o” | |Ind. |e→ie, o→ue |verbs. |Quiero que vayas. |

|Present subjunctive |•hope, want |3. add endings |Ser-sea |Tener-tenga |in “the boot” |ALL FORMS | |

| |•indirect commands | |Estar-esté |Venir-venga | |c→qu |I doubt she will come. |

| |•Impersonal expressions |AR Endings |Dar-dé |Decir-diga |IR Verbs: |g→gu |Dudo que ella venga. |

| |•doubt |-e |Saber-sepa |Salir-salga |e→ie, o→ue or |z→c | |

| |•emotion |-emos |Haber-haya |Poner-ponga |e→i | |*Watch sequence of |

| |•creer,pensar (neg & interrog) | | |Traer-traiga |in “the boot” | |tenses! |

| |•indefinite or negative antecedent |-es | |Caer-caiga | | | |

| |•ESCAPA |-éis | |Oír-oiga |e→i or o→u | | |

| |•METAL CHAD when action hasn’t | | |Ver-vea |in “the box” | | |

| |happened |-e | |Caber-quepa | | | |

| | |-en | |Conocer-conozca | | | |

| | | | | | | | |

| | |ER/IR Endings | | | | | |

| | |-a | | | | | |

| | |-amos | | | | | |

| | | | | | | | |

| | |-as | | | | | |

| | |-áis | | | | | |

| | | | | | | | |

| | |-a | | | | | |

| | |-an | | | | | |

| | | | | | | | |

| | |1. Start with 3rd pp of |Venir-viniera | | | | |

| |After verbs of: |preterite. |querer-quisiera |Ir-fuera |IR verbs ONLY!! |None |I wanted you to go. |

|Imperfect subjunctive |•hope, want |2. Drop “ron” |hacer - hiciera |Ser-fuera |e→i or o→ue | |Quería que fueras. |

| |•indirect commands |3. Add –ra or –se endings |andar-anduviera |Ver-viera |3rd p.s & p | | |

| |•Impersonal expressions | |estar - estuviera |Dar-diera |“bottom shelf” | |I doubted she would |

| |•doubt |-ra Endings |tener - tuviera | | | |come. |

| |•emotion |-ra |poder - pudiera | |durmiera | |Dudaba que ella viniera.|

| |•creer,pensar (neg & interrog) |΄ramos |poner - pusiera | | | | |

| |•indefinite or negative antecedent | |saber-supiera | | | | |

| |•ESCAPA |-ras |caber-cupiera | | | | |

| | |-rais |haber-hubiera | | | | |

| |When these verbs are in the past!! | |decir - dijera | | | | |

| | |-ra |traer - trajera | | | | |

| | |-ran |conducir -condujera | | | | |

| | | | | | | | |

| | | | | | | | |

| | |-se Endings | | | | | |

| | |-se | | | | | |

| | |΄semos | | | | | |

| | | | | | | | |

| | |-ses | | | | | |

| | |-seis | | | | | |

| | | | | | | | |

| | |-se | | | | | |

| | |-sen | | | | | |

| | | | | | | | |

“Always” list

En caso de que

*Sin que

Con tal que

*Antes de que

*Para que

A menos que

“Sometimes” list

Mientras

En cuanto

Tan pronto como

Así que

Luego que

Cuando

Hasta que

Aunque

*Después de que

*If there is no change in subject,

Drop que and use infinitive.

SEQUENCE OF TENSES

|•present indicative | |

|•commands |•present subjunctive |

|•future | |

|•present perfect | |

|•preterite | |

|•imperfect |•imperfect subjunctive |

|•conditional | |

|•pluperfect | |

Main clause subjunctive clause

IF CLAUSES

Main clause if-clause

| | |

|future |Present indicative |

| | |

|conditional |Imperfect Subjunctive |

Real condition

Contrary-to-fact

*Always use the imperfect subjunctive after “como si” (as if, as though).

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