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APUSH UNIT 7 Dr. I. Ibokette
Practice Test/Review True/False Questions
True/False Questions: ch 15
1. Reconstruction was neither a vicious tyranny, as white southerners charged, nor a thoroughgoing reform, as many northerners claimed. Page: 411
2. Even at the end of his life, Lincoln continued to insist that the Confederate government had no legal right to exist. Page: 412
3. After the Civil War was over, African Americans responded by separating themselves from white institutions. Page: 413
4. During Reconstruction, all adult male former slaves were given the constitutional right to vote. Page: 415
5. The Freedmen’s Bureau was a civilian agency under the control of the State Department. Page: 414
6. The Freedmen’s Bureau was confined by law to providing assistance only to former slaves and their families. Page: 414
7. Radical Republicans favored a reconstruction process that would readmit the former Confederate states to the Union quickly. Page: 415
8. By the time of his death, Lincoln’s sympathies had shifted from essential allegiance to the moderate wing of his party to casting his lot with the Radical Republicans. Page: 415
9. The Wade-Davis Bill sought to make it more difficult than Lincoln desired for those states which had left the Union to return. Page: 415
10. Leaders of the Confederacy were found to have aided John Wilkes Booth to carry out the plan to assassinate President Lincoln. Page: 415
11. The Black Codes helped President Johnson’s plans for Reconstruction. Page: 416
12. President Johnson vetoed both the Freedmen’s Bureau and the Civil Rights Act of 1866. Page: 416
13. The congressional elections of 1866 resulted in a resounding victory for the Republicans. Page: 416
14. Virginia, Texas, and Mississippi were among the first states to comply with congressional Reconstruction. Page: 417
15. President Johnson was impeached, but not convicted. Page: 418
16. “Scalawags” were southerners who moved north after the Civil War. Page: 419
17. The most numerous Republicans in the South were the black freedmen. Page: 419
18. In the South as a whole, the percentage of black officeholders during Reconstruction was always far lower than the percentage of blacks in the population. Page: 419
19. State expenditures by southern governments during Reconstruction were large, but only in comparison with the meager state budgets of the pre-Civil War years. Page: 420
20. The most ambitious goal of the Radical Republicans was to reform landownership in the South. Page: 421
21. Despite defeat in the Civil War, white landownership actually increased during Reconstruction. Page: 421
22. During Reconstruction, though the black share of profits were rising, the total profits of southern agriculture were declining. Page: 422
23. As sharecroppers, the black labor force in the South worked hours that were just as long as had been the case under slavery. Page: 423
24. During Reconstruction, black family roles soon came to resemble similar roles within white families. Page: 424
25. Without the support of black voters in 1868, Ulysses S. Grant would have had only a minority of the popular vote. Page: 424
26. Grant played a leadership role among the “Liberal Republicans.” Page: 424
27. “Seward’s Folly” refers to a financial scandal involving Grant’s secretary of state, William Seward. Page: 425
28. The Panic of 1873 was the worst the country had faced to that point in its history. Page: 425
29. Grant’s response to bad economic times was to approve plans to increase the amount of money in circulation. Page: 425
30. The Grant administration achieved its greatest successes in foreign affairs. Page: 425
31. 83. The Democratic presidential candidate in 1876 won a majority of the popular vote, but he did not win the presidency. Page: 427
32. In most parts of the South, the “Redeemer” government constituted a genuinely new ruling class. Page: 431
33. Spokesmen for the New South advocated industrial development for the South, but seldom challenged white supremacy in the process. Page: 431
34. African Americans were able to work in all types of industry in the South. Page: 433
35. Tenant farming increased significantly in the South in the two decades following Reconstruction. Page: 434
36. The “New South creed” was expounded by whites, not blacks. Page: 434
37. Booker T. Washington argued that blacks should concentrate on self-improvement before political rights. Page: 435
38. The Supreme Court generally struck down civil rights laws and upheld black voting rights in the late nineteenth century. Page: 436-437
39. Segregation of the races in the late nineteenth-century South resulted in declining violence against blacks. Page: 439
40. In late-nineteenth-century southern politics, economic issues played a secondary role to the issue of race. Page: 440
Ch. 16
41. The real West of the mid-nineteenth century bore little resemblance to its popular image. Page: 443
42. More than 300,000 Indians lived on the Pacific coast before the arrival of Spanish settlers.
Page: 444
43. Permanent settlements were somewhat rare among the Plains Indians. Page: 444
44. Plains Indians were formidable foes of white settlers because they were usually able to present a united front. Page: 444
45. Plains Indians were not particularly vulnerable to infectious diseases brought from the eastern United States. Page: 445
46. In the mid-nineteenth century, Hispanic society in the Southwest grew, despite the increasing Anglo-American settlement in that area. Page: 446
47. The power of the Navajo and Apache tribes in the Southwest was broken by Hispanic settlers before the arrival of the U.S. Army. Page: 446
48. By the end of the nineteenth century, the Hispanic presence in California was concentrated in the working class. Page: 447
49. By 1880, more than 200,000 Chinese had settled in the United States. Page: 447
50. White hostility to Chinese immigrants was rooted in the perception that they were lazy.
Page: 447
51. A number of Chinese immigrants worked in the mines of California before turning to the railroad for employment. Page: 447
52. A homestead unit of 160 acres was too small for grain farming on the Great Plains. Page: 450
53. The Timber Culture Act and the Desert Land Act were both designed to limit individual homesteaders in the American West. Page: 450
54. By the end of the nineteenth century, the American West was firmly tied to the increasingly powerful industrial economy of the East. Page: 451
55. The western working class was highly multiracial and stratified along racial lines. Page: 451
56. The most valuable mineral in the great Comstock Lode was gold. Page: 452
57. Women in western mining towns were almost always prostitutes. Page: 452
58. In the 1870s, nearly one out of every eighty miners was killed on the job. Page: 453
59. The number of men in mining towns greatly outnumbered the number of women. Page: 452
60. Those who flocked to mining towns and failed to strike it rich most often left the West. Page: 453
61. By ancestry, the western cattle industry was Mexican and Texan. Page: 453
62. The 1866 attempt to create a “long drive” between Texas and Missouri ended in failure.
Page: 453
63. 69. During the latter half of the nineteenth century, the structure of the cattle industry became increasingly corporate. Page: 454
64. The post-1850 federal government reservation policy for American Indians had few benefits for either whites or Indians. Page: 460
65. Management of Indian affairs by the federal government was in the hands of the army.
Page: 460
66. Between 1865 and 1875, the number of buffalo in the American West declined from 15 million to under 1,000. Page: 461
67. The Sand Creek Massacre was a rare story of Indians killing whites. Page: 461
68. At the end of the Civil War, whites stepped up their wars against the western Indians on several fronts. Page: 462
69. Custer’s defeat at Little Bighorn in 1876 was made possible in part by an unusually large gathering of tribal warriors. Page: 462
70. The story of the Nez Percé Indians is of a peaceful tribe forced to turn terribly violent. Page: 462-464
71. White agents who observed the Indian “Ghost Dance” often did not understand it. Page: 465
72. The Dawes Severalty Act sought the gradual elimination of most tribal ownership of land.
Page: 465
73. American Indians were generally willing to accept the terms of the Dawes Act.
Page: 465-466
74. Commercial farmers in the Midwest and West were forced to become self-sufficient.
Page: 467
75. Late nineteenth-century American farmers increasingly sold their produce in competitive international markets and bought their supplies in a domestic market protected by tariffs.
Page: 468
76. Hamlin Garland wrote novels celebrating the hope and spirit of the American West.
Page: 468
Ch 17
77. America’s rise to industrial supremacy was not as sudden as has been suggested.
Page: 472
78. The American oil industry emerged in the late nineteenth century largely in response to the needs of the steel industry. Page: 473
79. The open-hearth process made possible the production of steel in great quantities and large dimensions. Page: 473
80. Henry Ford built the first gasoline-driven motor vehicle in America. Page: 474
81. The significant use of air power in World War I quickly led to the development of commercial air flights. Page: 474
82. “Scientific management” was seen as a way to increase the decision-making abilities of employees in the workplace. Page: 476
83. Carnegie Steel was a good example of vertical integration. Page: 479
84. Rockefeller’s Standard Oil Company was an example of a combination of horizontal and vertical integration. Page: 479
85. The history of American business organization saw the “pool” replace the “trust.” Page: 479
86. The new rationale for capitalism in the late nineteenth century rested on an older ideology of individualism. Page: 480
87. Most of the late nineteenth-century business tycoons began their careers in poverty or lower-class circumstances. Page: 480
88. Herbert Spencer and William Graham Sumner could both be called Social Darwinists. Page: 481
89. Social Darwinism was an ideology that had its critics, but it did have a lot to do with the realities of the late nineteenth-century corporate economy. Page: 481
90. Social Darwinism was designed to eliminate competition in the marketplace. Page: 481
91. Andrew Carnegie’s The Gospel of Wealth promoted philanthropy by the rich. Page: 485
92. Horatio Alger spoke out against child labor in his novels. Page: 485
93. Lester Frank Ward was a sociologist who rejected applying Darwinian laws to human society. Page: 485
94. Henry George sought to do away with social ills by levying a “single tax” on corporate profits. Page: 485
95. Edward Bellamy’s Looking Backward discovered a utopian world in eighteenth-century America. Page: 486
96. Neither Henry George nor Edward Bellamy was an advocate of revolution. Page: 486
97. The economy began to fluctuate erratically beginning in 1873. Page: 487
98. In the 1870s, most immigrants to the United States came from southern Europe. Page: 489
99. At the end of the nineteenth century, the average income of an American worker was somewhat higher than the minimum required to maintain a reasonable level of comfort. Page: 490
100. By 1900, factory work in the United States required ever-increasing levels of skill. Page: 491
101. The great railroad strike of 1877 was put down by both state militias and federal troops. Page: 493
102. Congress’s decision in 1885 to abolish the Labor Contract Law was a victory for labor. Page: 490
103. The Knights of Labor accepted both the eight-hour day and the wage system. Page: 493
104. The Knights of Labor were followed by the American Federation of Labor as the most significant national labor union. Page: 494
105. Both the Knights of Labor and the American Federation of Labor favored the concept of one big union. Page: 494
106. Originally, the American Federation of Labor was not willing to engage in strikes. Page: 495
107. In the Homestead strike of 1892, the Pinkertons were brought in on the side of labor. Page: 495
108. Governor John Peter Altgeld and Grover Cleveland found themselves on the same side in the Pullman strike. Page: 496
109. By 1900, some workers had the legal right to compensation for injuries suffered on the job. Page: 496
Ch 18
110. The great movement of people from rural to urban areas was unique to the United States. Page: 501
111. Without immigration, American cities would have grown relatively slowly. Page: 502
112. Among the new immigrant arrivals to late nineteenth-century America, no single national group could be said to have dominated the scene. Page: 504-505
113. Prejudice against immigrants was so strong that it mattered little whether or not a new immigrant arrived in the United States with an important skill. Page: 505-506
114. The assimilation process of the late nineteenth century was aided by the public schools.
Page: 507
115. Efforts to restrict the numbers of immigrants coming into the United States had met with little success by the end of the nineteenth century. Page: 508
116. In the late nineteenth century, most city parks were simply lands between houses and other buildings that had yet to be developed. Page: 508
117. In the late nineteenth century, the construction of the majority of great cultural institutions was paid for by wealthy residents. Page: 508
118. As a result of the “city beautiful” movement, most major American cities were largely rebuilt during the late nineteenth century. Page: 509
119. In late-nineteenth-century cities, it was not uncommon for the very wealthy to live in the heart of the city. Page: 509
120. At the end of the nineteenth century, the population density of Manhattan was higher than that of the most crowded cities of Europe. Page: 510
121. When the first tenements were built in 1850, they were viewed as a great improvement in housing for the poor. Page: 511
122. Electric trolleys were in use in American cities before World War I. Page: 512
123. The first American subway system came into use in Boston in 1897. Page: 512
124. The Chrysler Building in New York City is considered the first modern American skyscraper. Page: 512
125. Although the plight of poor children in cities often drew the most attention of late-nineteenth-century reformers, little was done to improve the children’s situations. Page: 513
126. Immigrant Americans were more likely to commit crimes than were native-born Americans. Page: 513
127. Reform organizations of the late nineteenth century proved to be more permanent than the urban political machines. Page: 515
128. The new consumer economy appealed to women as consumers and hired women as sales clerks. Page: 516
129. Both baseball and football appealed primarily to working-class males. Page: 519
130. Prior to the late nineteenth century, few Americans placed much value in leisure. Page: 517
131. By the turn of the century, professional baseball and professional football were both important spectator sports. Page: 518-519
132. At the end of the nineteenth century, the participation of women in sports was nearly nonexistent. Page: 520
133. When the Anti-Saloon League and other temperance organizations attacked the saloon, one of the reasons they cited was that eliminating saloons would weaken political machines. Page: 522
134. Coney Island provided a way of experiencing mass American culture on an equal footing with people from different backgrounds. Page: 519
135. Both Theodore Dreiser and Stephen Crane found a market by writing novels that explained the city to their readers. Page: 523
136. It can be said that Darwinism helped spawn the philosophy of pragmatism. Page: 524
137. The Fourth of July played a large role in the lives of many working-class Americans by providing them an opportunity to publically demonstrate how well they had assimilated into American society. Page: 522
138. By the turn of the century, primary and secondary education was nearly universal in the United States. Page: 526
139. By the end of the nineteenth century, most public high schools readily accepted women. Page: 526
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