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Packet IXTossupsThis composer’s third piano concerto begins with a lyrical C major clarinet solo, and he also composed a piece originally written for the ballet Ala i Lolli, but later reworked into the Scythian Suite. The third movement of this composer’s first symphony is an oft-excerpted gavotte, and he included the movement “The Battle on the Ice” in one of his collaborations with Sergei (*) Eisenstein. This composer of the score to Alexander Nevsky wrote his first symphony in the style of Haydn, leading to its nickname “Classical.” In this composer’s most performed work, he uses the bassoon to represent the grandfather in what he called a 'symphonic fairy tale for children'. For 10 points, name this Russian 20th century composer of Peter and the Wolf.ANSWER: Sergei Prokofiev <KP, Auditory Fine Arts>Aspirators create vacuums by exploiting this statement, which can be used to determine stagnation pressure in a Pitot tube [pee-TOH]. Torricelli’s [torr-ih-CHEL-ees] law is a special case of this statement for incompressible (*) fluids effusing from a tank. When the air speed is greater below an object than above it, the object will accelerate faster than expected according to this statement. This principle states that an increase in a fluid’s velocity results in a decrease in its pressure. For 10 points, name this eponymous principle often incorrectly used to explain how airplanes produce lift.ANSWER: Bernoulli’s Principle [or Bernoulli’s Equation, or Bernoulli’s Law] <SLD, Physics>One version of this legislation was modified by the “Hayden Rider” to appease critics, though it still failed to pass in the House. The current version of this piece of legislation was introduced to Congress by Martha Griffiths. This legislation originated with Alice (*) Paul and the National Woman’s Party. Its expansion of the Selective Service one one of the criticisms leveled against this legislation as part of a Phillis Schlafly-led conservative backlash against it. At its 1979 deadline, this legislation had only been approved by 31 of the 38 states needed to ratify it. For 10 points, name this proposed constitutional amendment designed to prevent sexual discrimination.ANSWER: Equal Rights Amendment [or ERA] <DA, American History>This goddess cries tears of red gold whenever her husband is away. In one story, this goddess is accused of being a harlot by a god who had earlier transformed into a fly to steal this goddess's necklace Brisingamen, which she later lends to Thor when he dresses up as her in order to woo some giants. This goddess receives half of all (*) warriors slain in battle at her hall Folkvangr. This goddess’s chariot is pulled by two cats, and this Vanir goddess is a deity of fertility along with her similarly-named brother. For 10 points, name this sister of Freyr, the Norse goddess of love and beauty.ANSWER: Freya [or Freyja; do not accept or prompt on “Frey” or “Freyr”] <DK, Mythology>Special Friday noon prayers, or jumu’ah [juh-MAH], can be found in the Friday Mosque in this country’s city of Herat [heh-RAAT]. This country’s Bamiyan Valley was home to two large Buddha statues blown up in 2001. Along with an eastern neighbor, one of this country’s borders is demarcated using the Durand Line. Crossing into this country’s Wakhan Corridor from (*) China produces the largest time zone shift in the world by a border crossing. This country’s city of Kandahar is the cultural seat of its largest ethnic group, the Pashtuns, who speak one of this country’s two official languages, Pashto. For 10 points, name this landlocked Asian nation with capital Kabul.ANSWER: The Islamic Republic of Afghanistan [accept Jomhūrī-ye Eslāmī-ye Af?ānestān or Da Af?ānistān Islāmī Jumhoryat] <AK, Geography>In one novel, the protagonist takes two of these items from his wife, who herself took them from a raid, so he can give them to his concubine Lotus Blossom. In another novel, Kino throws one of these items into the sea after thieves trying to steal it kill his son Coyotito. In a novel by an author with this first name, (*) O-Lan dies before her sons can split the estate of their father Wang Lung. This is the first name of the illegitimate child of Arthur Dimmesdale and Hester Prynne in The Scarlet Letter. For 10 points, a novella by John Steinbeck shares what title with the first name of the author of The Good Earth, a certain Mrs. Buck?ANSWER: pearl [accept The Pearl by John Steinbeck; Pearl Prynne; Pearl S. Buck; or Sai Zhēnzhū; prompt on jewels or gems] <AK, American Literature>One of many of this artist’s works inspired by the head of a Hungarian woman he met in Paris depicts her hair in a chignon as she rests her head on her hands. In one work, this artist of Mademoiselle Pogany created twelve hourglass-shaped chairs around a stone slab, which sits near another of his works consisting of 16 (*) rhombus-like objects stacked on top of each other. This artist created a monument at T?rgu Jiu for World War I victims in his country that included his Table of Silence and Endless Column. A U.S. customs officer once taxed one of this man’s works after classifying it as “Kitchen Utensils and Household Supplies.” For 10 points, name this Romanian sculptor of Bird in Space. ANSWER: Constantin Br?ncusi [pronounced brin-KOOSH] <DA, Visual Fine Arts>One definition of this quantity involves dividing the effective nuclear charge with the square of the covalent radius, and for a molecule, this quantity is equal to the geometric mean of the constituent elements’ values for this quantity by Sanderson’s equalization principle. Both Allred and Rochow and Robert (*) Mullikan developed scales for this quantity which increases towards the top right of the periodic table. The most common scale was formulated by Linus Pauling and assigns a value of 4.0 for this quantity to fluorine. For 10 points, name this quantity that measures the ability of an atom to attract electrons.ANSWER: electronegativity <MY, Chemistry>This country cracked down on a separatist movement known as Mukti Bahini in Operation Searchlight, while an earlier military action by this country ended after its military dictator Ayub Khan signed the Tashkent Declaration. It’s not Afghanistan, but this country’s first (*) female prime minister and leader of its People’s Party was assassinated in 2007 after meeting with Hamid Karzai. That prime minister, Benazir Bhutto was the daughter of an earlier leader of this country, whose independence movement was led by Muhammad Ali Jinnah. For 10 points, name this country partitioned from India in 1947.ANSWER: Islamic Republic of Pakistan <SR, World History>One character in a novel by this author is killed after burning land-granting documents, and with the help of the Washington Star newspaper, his corpse is transported to Arlington Cemetery. In another novel by this author, a historian is hired to edit the memoirs of a late general, whose widow (*) Consuelo is also the young woman Aura. In a novel by this author, Harriet Winslow recounts the conflict between Tomas Arroyo and a fictionalization of Ambrose Bierce. This man also detailed the life of a dying tycoon in a novel describing his part in the Mexican Revolution. For 10 points, name this author of The Old Gringo and The Death of Artemio Cruz.ANSWER: Carlos Fuentes Macías <MM, World Literature>One function of this organ is characterized by P and T waves and peaks at the QRS complex. Wolf-Parkinson-White disease affects this organ, and Marfan syndrome is one congenital defect affecting this organ. This organ contains the Bundle of His, and normal function of this organ is maintained by (*) Purkinje fibers. The function of the SA node in this organ is measured with an EKG, and this organ contains the mitral and tricuspid valves. The vena cava flows into this organ which is made up of atria and ventricles. For 10 points, name this organ that “beats” to pump blood.ANSWER: heart <SS/IC, Biology>During this monarch’s reign, the Manifesto on Freedom of the Nobility was confirmed, exempting nobles from military service. This monarch created the Nakaz in order to replace the earlier Muscovite law code. This monarch’s reign saw the final defeat of the Crimean Khanate and the third (*) partition of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. This monarch helped put down a series of rebellions by disgruntled Cossacks led by Yemelyan Pugachev. This monarch took power after a 1762 coup in which she overthrew her husband Peter III. For 10 points, name this enlightened despot and “great” Empress of Russia.ANSWER: Catherine the Great [or Catherine II; prompt on Catherine; accept Sophie of Anhalt-Zerbst or Yekaterina Alekseyevna] <SR, European History>In one stanza of this poem, the speaker discusses the misery of the world, stating that it is a place “where youth grows pale, and spectre-thin, and dies.” The speaker of this poem imagines a voice heard “in ancient days by emperor and clown” and Ruth, making her stand “in tears among the alien corn.” This poem is addressed to a (*) “Dryad of the trees,” and it begins with the speaker saying, “My heart aches, and a drowsy numbness pains by sense.” After the title creature of this poem leaves, the speaker asks, “Was it a vision, or a waking dream?... Do I wake or sleep?” For 10 points, an “immortal Bird” is the subject of what poem by John Keats?ANSWER: “Ode to a Nightingale” <MM, Non-American Anglophone Literature>In order to avoid segmentation faults when using C, programmers must use malloc and free to manage this construct manually. Pointers are named because they “point” to addresses in this construct. Implementations of one form of this construct use a capacitor whose charge is replenished in “refresh cycles”; that form is its (*) “dynamic” type. Punch-cards were used historically to implement this construct which is now implemented using FLASH and DDR4. Volatile types of it are designated random-access, and some small units of it are nibbles, bits, and bytes. For 10 points, name this construct stored in ROM and RAM.ANSWER: memory [accept RAM and ROM before mentioned] <SLD, Computer Science>The principal figure of this religious branch was told he would be purified while under a cloak, and is referred to as the “custodian of god” in statements of faith. Members of this large subsect are said to follow the Imamate of the Ahl al-Bayt, and include the Alavis, Zaidis, and Ismailis. The largest subsect of this denomination, named for the number of (*) imams it believes existed, is the Twelvers. This denomination prominent in Iran and Iraq is defined by an adherence to the teachings of the cousin and son-in-law of its founder. For 10 points, name this second-largest denomination of Islam, whose adherents believe that Ali was Muhammad’s rightful successor as caliph.ANSWER: Shia Islam [or Shi’ite Islam; prompt on Islam] <WY, Religion Islam>One work by this thinker describes a ritual where umbilical cords are thrown into the sea to grant good luck. Another work by this thinker analyzed the behavioral differences of the Arapesh, Mundugumor and Tchambuli people. This thinker was called the victim of a “fateful (*) hoaxing” by Derek Freeman, a claim supported by a girl who stated she had lied to this thinker in an interview. That Freeman book criticized a study where this author documented the use of chicken blood to hide virginity while interviewing sixty-eight teens on Ta'u island. For 10 points, name this anthropologist and author of Sex and Temperament in Three Primitive Societies and Coming of Age in Samoa.ANSWER: Margaret Mead <FW, Social Science>In this country, Marc Bloch founded a school emphasizing the study of social history. An author from this country wrote a book that was praised as “the cornerstone of all revolutionary historiography” as well as a work that coined the term “Renaissance.” Thomas Carlyle wrote a three-volume history of one event in this country, which he claimed ended with “a (*) whiff of grapeshot” during the 13 Vendemiare [ven-dem-AIR] uprising. A leader of this country was praised for his advancement of arts and culture by one of its philosophes. The Annales School was from, for 10 points, what country, the home of historians like Jules Michelet and Voltaire? ANSWER: Republic of France <DA, Other History>On an early song, this artist stated that he was brought to “the same hospital where Biggie Smalls died” where the “doctor said [he] had blood clots” even though he isn’t Jamaican. On another song, this artist bragged that he “[does] the rap and the track, triple double no assists.” That song, (*) “Monster,” is on this artist’s album My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy. Along with Kid Cudi [cuddy], this artist forms the duo Kids See Ghosts. On “I Am a God,” this artist described talking to Jesus, who asked him “What up Yeezus?” This artist released his eighth studio album, ye [yay], in 2018. For 10 points, name this musical artist married to Kim Kardashian.ANSWER: Kanye Omari West [accept either underlined portion; accept “Yeezus” or “Ye” before mention; the first song mentioned is “Through the Wire”] <SR, Trash>One character in this film meets her future husband while on toothache medication and after splashing mud on him. After being paid for the right to mine gold on her land, one character in this film sends her son away to be raised by the banker Walter Parks Thatcher. The main character of this film builds on opera house for his second wife (*) Susan Alexander and has the circumstances of his death investigated by Jerry Thompson. As he dies at his Xanadu estate, the title character of this film refers to his childhood sled. For 10 points, name this Orson Welles film where the title newspaper mogul's last word is “Rosebud.”ANSWER: Citizen Kane <FW, Other Fine Arts>This author used the recurring images of a “ship out on the sea” and a “horse on the mountain” in a poem that begins with the line “Green, how I want you green.” The speaker repeats “I don’t want to see it!” in a poem by this author whose title event occurs “at five in the afternoon.” In a play by this author, (*) Leonardo and “The Groom” kill each other while fighting over “The Bride.” Adela hangs herself after she believes that Pepe el Romano is dead in a play written by this author of “Lament for the Death of a Bullfighter.” For 10 points, name this Spanish author whose “Rural Trilogy” contains Blood Wedding and The House of Bernarda Alba.ANSWER: Federico García Lorca [or Federico del Sagrado Corazón de Jesús García Lorca] <DK, European Literature>TB.This ruler captured Smyrna after the Knights Hospitaller refused to put his banners on the city’s walls. This ruler captured Bayezid I at the Battle of Ankara, the only time an Ottoman Sultan was captured in battle. This ruler defeated the war elephants of the Delhi Sultanate by tying hay to the backs of camels and (*) lighting the hay on fire. This ruler defeated Tokhtamysh in the Battle of the Terek River, ending the Golden Horde’s time as a state. This ruler was notorious for building pyramids of human skills after pillaging cities that resisted him. For 10 points, name this nomadic conqueror whose namesake empire was governed from Samarkand.ANSWER: Tamerlane [or Timur the Lame or Amir Timur or Temur(-i) Lang or Taimur] <SR, World History>BonusesThis export makes up 95% of Venezuela's exports and 25% of its gross domestic product. For 10 points each:[10] Name this primary export of Venezuela, whose recent drop in price worldwide has caused widespread economic depression and hyperinflation in the country. ANSWER: oil [or petroleum][10] This leader of the United Socialist Party, who has been President of Venezuela since 2013, is facing a presidential challenge from Juan Guaido on allegations of rigged elections, as well as daily protests throughout the country.ANSWER: Nicolas Maduro[10] Maduro subscribes to this left-wing political ideology based on the ideas and style of its namesake creator, former President of Venezuela Hugo Chavez.ANSWER: Chavismo [prompt on Chavezism] <FW, Current Events>The main characters sit around the Bethesda Fountain and discuss the fall of the Berlin Wall and the upcoming millennium at the end of this play’s second part, Perestroika. For 10 points each:[10] Name this Tony Kushner play in which Prior Walter meets the title beings while hospitalized for AIDS.ANSWER: Angels in America: A Gay Fantasia on National Themes[10] This woman’s ghost haunts the AIDS-inflicted Roy Cohn in Angels in America. She and her husband are mentioned in the description of a “queer sultry summer” in the first sentence of Sylvia Plath’s novel The Bell Jar.ANSWER: Ethel Rosenberg[10] In Angels in America, an angel describes heaven as resembling this Californian city. This city is the primary setting of McTeague by Frank Norris and The Golden Gate by Vikram Seth.ANSWER: San Francisco, California <KR, American Literature>This sculptor created a seated bronze statue of Minerva for the steps of Columbia University’s Low Memorial Library. For 10 points each:[10] Name this American sculptor, the creator of Alma Mater and The Minute Man, which stands on the Old North Bridge in Concord.ANSWER: Daniel Chester French[10] French’s most famous work, part of another memorial in Washington, D.C., is a massive seated marble statue of this man, America’s sixteenth president.ANSWER: Abraham Lincoln[10] Another large sculpture in a D.C. memorial is Lei Yixin depiction of this man on the face of the “stone of hope,” which lies just beyond two large pieces of rock symbolizing the “mountain of despair.”ANSWER: Martin Luther King Jr. [or M.L.K. Jr.] <WY/MB, Visual Fine Arts>For 10 points each, answer the following about influential ads during presidential campaigns.[10] The “Daisy” ad greatly contributed to this man’s 1964 re-election victory against Barry Goldwater. The Civil Rights Act and the Voting Rights Act were passed during the administration of this Vice President of John F. Kennedy. ANSWER: Lyndon Baines Johnson [accept LBJ; prompt on Johnson][10] This 2004 Democratic nominee for the presidency was attacked by the Swift Boat Veterans for Truth over his service record in Vietnam. Another ad showed him windsurfing and portrayed him as a “flip-flopper.”ANSWER: John Kerry[10] In the election of 1988, Michael Dukakis was criticized for the weekend furlough program he implemented as Governor of Massachusetts, which allowed this convicted felon to escape and rape a woman in Maryland. ANSWER: Willie Horton <DA, American History>For 10 points each, answer some questions about Newton’s second law:[10] In the most common formulation of Newton’s second law, this quantity is the constant of proportionality between force and acceleration. In Newton’s law of gravitation, two forms of this quantity appear in the numerator.ANSWER: mass[10] A different formulation of Newton’s second law involves taking the time derivative of this quantity. Noether’s [nur-tuh’s] theorem implies the conservation of this quantity follows from translational symmetry, and impulse represents the change in this quantity.ANSWER: linear momentum [do not accept or prompt on “angular momentum”][10] By assuming the mass changes over time, one can derive this more complex equation. This equation finds the total delta-v in terms of the natural log of the ratio of initial mass to final mass of the system and is prominently used by aerospace engineers.ANSWER: Tsiolkovsky rocket equation [accept classic rocket equation; accept ideal rocket equation] <MY/IC, Physics>For 10 points each, answer the following about a trickster god in West African mythology:[10] This trickster god of the West African Ashanti People was notably able to win all of the stories from Nyame by capturing the Mmoboro Hornets.ANSWER: Anansi[10] The Akan people transferred their stories of Anansi down the generations using this method, which was preferential to them over writing. Griots use this method to tell histories of a certain people. ANSWER orally [accept anything pertaining to speech] [10] This condition was bestowed onto the village as a result of Anansi dropping a gourd that he had turned into a drum at a dance celebration with Nyame and his harem. This condition came from the water in the gourd, which Anansi had used to bathe his remaining wife.ANSWER illness [accept sickness, disease, and other alternatives] <RB, Mythology>An inability to perform this process can be caused by a deficiency of Factor VIII. For 10 points each:[10] Name this process that does not occur for hemophiliacs, meaning they cannot properly regulate blood loss.ANSWER: blood clotting [accept coagulation][10] The main mechanism of blood clotting involves the aggregation of these cells to form an impermeable fibrin network. These cell fragments are also known as thrombocytes.ANSWER: platelets[10] This factor binds to Factor VIII, which allows platelets to adhere to wound sites. This factor is named for a Finnish physician, and its deficiency is the most common blood disorder in the U.S.ANSWER: von Willebrand factor [accept von Willebrand disease] <MY, Biology>An ideology named for this person is espoused today by the Justicialist Party. For 10 points each:[10] Name this leader who maintained a foreign policy known as the “Third Way” in order to maintain good relations with both the U.S. and the Soviet Union during the Cold War. This leader’s second wife Isabel succeeded him after his death. ANSWER: Juan Domingo Perón[10] Perón led this South American country with capital at Buenos Aires.ANSWER: Argentina [or the Argentine Republic][10] This man and his wife Cristina Fernández were the most recent Peronists to serve as president of Argentina, leading the country from 2003 to 2015. Although he was a member of the Justicialist Party, many Peronists opposed his policies.ANSWER: Néstor Kirchner <SR, World History>In this novel, Clélia Conti falls in love with the protagonist while he is imprisoned in the Farnese Tower for killing a jealous actress’s manager. For 10 points each: [10] Name this novel that follows Fabrice del Dongo who at the beginning of this novel wanders into the Battle of Waterloo.ANSWER: The Charterhouse of Parma [or La Chartreuse de Parme][10] The Charterhouse of Parma was written by this author who described the downfall of Julien Sorel in The Red and the Black.ANSWER: Stendhal [or Marie-Henri Beyle][10] Julien debates between joining the army and this institution, which is represented by the “Black” in the title The Red and the Black. Abbé Chelan, a prelate in this religious organization, helps Julien obtain a tutoring job.ANSWER: Catholic Church [prompt on church or equivalents not mentioning Catholicism] <KR, European Literature>This sect’s founder, who journeyed from China to India to spread his ideas, legendarily ripped off his eyelids to stare at a wall for nine years. For 10 points each:[10] Name this branch of Buddhism founded by Bodhidharma. This sect is most popular in Japan.ANSWER: Zen Buddhism[10] Followers of Zen Buddhism may contemplate these enigmatic parables or questions. One famous example asks, “What is the sound of one hand clapping?”ANSWER: koans[10] The Rinzai school of Zen Buddhism incorporates the study of koans into zazen, a seated form of this action. This practice, used in many religions, involves clearing one’s mind and seeks to develop mindfulness and concentration.ANSWER: meditation [accept other word forms] <WY, Religion>For 10 points each, answer the following about the Roman Kingdom:[10] The first king of Rome was this figure, who picked the future site of the city when he legendarily saw twelve vultures, while his brother Remus only saw six, during the practice of augury.ANSWER: Romulus[10] One king of this common name, whose cognomen was Priscus, built the Circus Maximus and the Cloaca Maxima. A later king of this name was known as “the Proud” and was the final king of Rome.ANSWER: Tarquinius [or Lucius Tarquinius Priscus or Lucius Tarquinius Superbus or Tarquin the Proud][10] One figure with this name overthrew Lucius Tarquinius Superbus and founded the Roman Republic. Two of that figure’s descendants with this family name would be involved in the conspiracy to assassinate Julius Caesar.ANSWER: Brutus [accept Lucius Junius Brutus or Marcus Junius Brutus] <SR, Other History>For 10 points each, answer the following about performance art:[10] This New York museum was the site of Marina Abramovic’s The Artist is Present, in which she sat silently at a table for 30 straight days. This museum’s regular collection features Vincent van Gogh’s The Starry Night.ANSWER: Museum of Modern Art [accept MoMA][10] Two performance artists from this country had a pillow fight as part of Two Naked Men Jump into Tracey’s Bed. Another artist from this country designed and painted 100 million sunflower seeds and is better known for designing the Bird’s Nest Stadium for the 2008 Summer Olympics.ANSWER: People’s Republic of China [do not accept or prompt on “Republic of China][10] This Chinese artist designed the aforementioned Bird’s Nest Stadium. His own performance art includes one work in which he dropped an urn dating back to the Han dynasty onto the ground.ANSWER: Ai Weiwei <DA, Other Fine Arts>This mathematician names a method for solving first-order differential equations, which is the simplest Runge-Kutta method. For 10 points each:[10] Name this Swiss mathematician, who proved the identity E to the pi I equals negative one and names a constant equal to about 2.72.ANSWER: Leonhard Euler [OI-ler][10] One of Euler’s more famous proofs was this problem, which involves finding a path to travel across a certain number of structures in a Baltic city. ANSWER: Seven Bridges of Konigsberg [prompt on partial answer][10] The Seven Bridges of Konigsberg was a precursor to this branch of mathematics, whose namesake “directed” or “undirected” structures connect vertices with edges.ANSWER: graph theory <MY, Math>This song’s subject is described as a “dream maker” and “heart breaker” before being told “Wherever you’re going, I’m going your way.” For 10 points each:[10] Name this song, which concludes by calling its subject “my huckleberry friend.” ANSWER: “Moon River”[10] “Moon River” is sung by Holly Golightly in this 1961 romantic comedy based off of a Truman Capote novel.ANSWER: Breakfast at Tiffany’s[10] Holly Golightly was played by this actress and fashion icon, who also starred as Eliza Doolittle in My Fair Lady. She rose to stardom after her appearance in Roman Holiday.ANSWER: Audrey Hepburn <DA, Trash>For 10 points each, answer some questions about pigs in British literature:[10] In George Orwell’s novel Animal Farm, this pig, an allegory for Joseph Stalin, takes over Manor Farm after getting rid of Snowball.ANSWER: Napoleon[10] Pigs are hunted by Jack and his crazy allies in this William Golding novel that follows a group of stranded boys on a deserted island.ANSWER: Lord of the Flies[10] The prize pig Empress of Blandings is featured in around 10 separate works by this author who more notably created Bertie Wooster and his servant Jeeves.ANSWER: P.G. Wodehouse [or Sir Pelham Grenville Wodehouse] <KR, Non-American Anglophone Literature>In this play, Tiresias’s prophecy of divine punishment is fulfilled when Haemon stabs himself in response to the suicide of the title character. For 10 points each:[10] Name this play in which Creon sentences a girl to death for attempting to bury her brother Polynices.ANSWER: Antigone[10] Antigone, along with Oedipus Rex and Oedipus at Colonus, is one of the three “Theban plays” by this Greek dramatist.ANSWER: Sophocles[10] This French playwright published a 1944 adaptation of Antigone based on the French resistance to the Nazi occupation of Germany. His play The Lark centers on the trial of Joan of Arc.ANSWER: Jean Anouilh [or Jean Marie Lucien Pierre Anouilh] <MB, Classical Literature>This work’s final chapter describes absolute knowledge as an endpoint of history. For 10 points each:[10] Name this work which discusses how great men known as Volksgeister affect the Zeitgeist, or spirit of the age.c. This work's famous preface describes the ongoing transformation of philosophy into a full science (or Wissenschaft).ANSWER: The Phenomenology of Spirit [or The Phenomenology of Mind; or Phanomenologie des Geistes][10] The Phenomenology of Spirit was written by this German philosopher, who also wrote Elements of the Philosophy of Right. A group of “Young” philosophers named after this man included Bruno Bauer and Max Stirner.ANSWER: Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel [HEY-gull][10] In The History of Western Philosophy, this British philosopher described Hegel as “the hardest to understand of all the great philosophers”. He collaborated with Alfred North Whitehead on Principia Mathematica ANSWER: Bertrand Russell [or Bertrand Arthur William Russell, 3rd Earl Russell] <DA, Philosophy>For 10 points each, answer the following about the Thirty Years’ War:[10] The Thirty Years’ War was ended by this set of agreements, which affirmed the idea that rulers of a state got to choose its religion, a right previously stated in the Peace of Augsburg. This set of agreements included the Treaty of Osnabrück and Treaty of Münster.ANSWER: Peace of Westphalia [or Treaty of Westphalia][10] The second major theater of the Thirty Years’ War began after this country, lead by Christian IV, invaded the Holy Roman Empire. Though this country was defeated, it retained control of Norway in the Treaty of Lubeck.ANSWER: Denmark-Norway [or Dano-Norwegian Realm; Accept Kingdom of Denmark][10] The Bohemian period of the Thirty Years’ War was ended by this 1620 battle near Prague, in which the Count of Tilly defeated Protestant forces lead by Christian of Anhalt.ANSWER: Battle of White Mountain <DA, European History>This composer dedicated his Piano Quartet No. 3 in B minor to Johann Wolfgang von Goethe after meeting him in Berlin. For 10 points each:[10] Name this German Romantic composer whose fifth symphony contains the hymn “A Mighty Fortress Is Our God.” This composer also composed a string octet in E flat major.ANSWER: Jacob Ludwig Felix Mendelssohn-Bartholdy[10] Mendelssohn wrote many works in his teens, including the string octet and an overture to this Shakespeare play which he later incorporated into his incidental music to this play.ANSWER: A Midsummer Night’s Dream[10] A “march” from Mendelssohn’s incidental music for A Midsummer Night’s Dream is often played during these events. Wagner’s Lohengrin also contains a march that is often played at these events.ANSWER: weddings [accept marriages; accept clear knowledge equivalents; accept wedding marches] <SR, Auditory Fine Arts>Dissolving alkali metals in this compound produces pure electrons in a solution. For 10 points each:[10] Name this compound produced by the Haber-Bosch process, with chemical formula NH3.ANSWER: ammonia [do not accept or prompt on “ammonium”][10] In some instances, ammonia can become an amide ion, meaning it has this property of being able to react as both an acid or a base. This property is also exhibited by water. ANSWER: amphiprotic [accept amphoteric][10] This reagent consists of ammonia, silver nitrate, and sodium hydroxide. This reagent produces a “silver mirror” in the presence of aldehydes, but not in the presence of ketones.ANSWER: Tollens’ reagent <MY, Chemistry> ................
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