PUNCTUATION QUOTATION MARKS USES
PUNCTUATION
QUOTATION MARKS ( ¡°¡¡± or ¡®¡¡¯ )
Quotation marks are used to enclose and set off text that is directly quoted, titles, technical terms,
and words or phrases that carry a subtext.
USES
Use quotation marks to enclose
? a short direct quote (a quote of no more than 40 words).
? a title of short works, such as titles of articles, essays, book chapters, songs, films, and
poems.
? a word or short phrase that is meant to express irony or sarcasm.
? slang that is out of character with the rest of the writing or to enclose a deliberate
misspelling.
Do not use quotation marks to enclose
? a colloquial expression.
? a long direct quote (a quote more than 40 words).
o Set apart a long quote by indenting five spaces from both margins and introducing the
quote with a colon.
? an indirect quotation, which is usually introduced by that.
e.g., The meteorologist said that it will rain tomorrow. < Correct (indirect quote)
The meteorologist said that, ¡°it will rain tomorrow.¡± < Incorrect (indirect quote)
The meteorologist said, ¡°It will rain tomorrow.¡± < Correct (direct quote)
PLACEMENT OF PUNCTUATION WHEN USING QUOTATION MARKS
Punctuation placed inside quotation marks
? Periods, commas, question marks, and exclamation marks are enclosed within quotation
marks.
o Exception: If the question or exclamation mark punctuates the sentence as a whole,
the question mark or exclamation mark falls outside the quotation marks.
e.g., Have you heard the proverb, ¡°Do not count your chickens until they hatch¡±?
Punctuation placed outside quotation marks
? Colons and semi-colons appear outside quotation marks.
? Parentheses with in-text citation fall outside quotation marks.
Note: Never duplicate punctuation. When the quoted sentence uses the same punctuation as the
main sentence, enclose the punctuation within the quotation marks.
SINGLE QUOTATION MARKS
?
?
?
Use single quotation marks to enclose a direct quotation within another direct quotation.
Insert a space between the single and the double quotation.
Apply the rules for placement of punctuation provided above.
e.g., Dorothy Parker once said, ¡°The most beautiful words in the English language are
¡®Check enclosed.¡¯ ¡±
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