The Undergraduate Journal of Sociology

Eleven

The Undergraduate Journal of Sociology

Volume 2

University of California, Berkeley

Editor-in-Chief Aaron Benavidez

Managing Editor Parijat Chakrabarti

Senior Editors Rudy S. Garcia, Nicole Iturriaga, William Pe, and Mira Yuzon

Associate Editors Jana Hopkins, Hyun (Angela) Kim, Johnny Tran, and Sophie Harrison-Wong

Directors of Public Relations Patricia Elizondo and Candice Guinto

Undergraduate Advisor Cristina Rojas

Production Consultant and Cover Designer Colt Shane Fulk

Cover Artist Carlo H. S?quin

Eleven: The Undergraduate Journal of Sociology Vol. 2 is the publication of Eleven: The Undergraduate Journal of SociologyDQRQSUR?WXQLQFRUSRUDWHGDVVRFLDWLRQDW the University of California, Berkeley.

Grants and Financial Support:7KLVMRXUQDOZDVPDGHSRVVLEOHE\JHQHURXV?QDQFLDO support by the Department of Sociology at the University of California, Berkeley.

Special Appreciation: We would also like to additionally thank: Kristi Bedolla, Laleh Behbehanian, Victoria Bonnell, Michael Burawoy, Rebecca Chavez, Bill Gentry, Allison Hall, Mia Houtermans, Mary Kelsey, John O'Donnell, Trond Petersen, Sue Thur, Kim Voss, Belinda White, Tamar Young, and the Department of Sociology at the University of California, Berkeley.

Contributors: Contributions may be in the form of articles and review essays. Please see the Guide for Future Contributors at the end of this volume.

Review Process: Our review process is double-blind. Each submission is given a QXPEHUDQGDOOUHYLHZHUVDUHVXSSOLHGDVSHFL?FUHYLHZQXPEHUSHUHDFKVXEPLVVLRQ,I an editor is familiar with any submission, she or he declines review. Our review process ensures the highest integrity and fairness in evaluating submissions. Each submission is read by three trained reviewers.

Subscriptions: Our limited print version of the journal is available without fee. If you would like to make a donation for the production of future issues, please inquire at eleven.ucb@.

Copyright ? 2012 Eleven: The Undergraduate Journal of Sociology unless otherwise noted.

Eleven

The Undergraduate Journal of Sociology

Volume 2

"The philosophers have only interpreted the world, in various ways; the point, however, is to change it."

--Karl Marx, "XI" from "Theses on Feuerbach"

Editor's Note

1

Aaron Benavidez

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3

Laleh Behbehanian and Michael Burawoy

5H?HFWLRQVRQ&RQWHPSRUDU\&DSLWDOLVPDQG*OREDO6RFLRORJ\

12

Pil Christensen

Taking Global Sociology Global: What is Global Sociology and

22

Do Norwegian Sociologists Really Need It?

Ida Johanne Warnes Kje?y

The Wound and the Knife:

31

Five Theses on Crisis, Demos, and Counter-Terror

Hsueh Han Lu

Going Global: A New Global Sociology and

44

Methodology for Transnational Inquiry

Aaron Benavidez

University of California, Berkeley

Eleven

The Undergraduate Journal of Sociology

Volume 2

The Effects of the U.S. Colonization of the

52

3KLOLSSLQHVRQWKH)LOLSLQR$VLDQ6SOLWLQ$PHULFD

Jassmin Antolin Poyaoan

Crafting the Twitterself: The Social and

82

3URPRWLRQDO8WLOLW\RI 0LFUREORJJLQJLQ

Sarah Fleishman

Notes on Contributors

114

Guide for Future Contributors

116

University of California, Berkeley

ELEVEN: THE UNDERGRADUATE JOURNAL OF SOCIOLOGY 1

EDITOR'S NOTE

We are exceedingly proud and pleased to publish this second volume of Eleven: The Undergraduate Journal of Sociology. With the unyielding support from the University of California, Berkeley Department of Sociology, Eleven continues its reputation for publishing exceptional undergraduate papers in the social sciences. This volume shines a bright light on the unique and spectacular intellectual talent among the university's undergraduate community, and the Eleven editors and staff were more than honored to offer an uncommon but much needed forum for junior scholars.

In this volume, Eleven paved new roads to translate Marx's "Eleventh 7KHVLV?LQWRDWKRXJKWIXOUHDOL]DWLRQRQSDSHU)RUWKH?UVWWLPHWKHMRXUQDO organized a thematic section that encouraged undergraduate scholars to respond to a single topic concerning the discipline. With the kind cooperation of Laleh Behbehanian and Michael Burawoy, Eleven invited students from the unparalleled, exploratory course--"Global Sociology, Live!"--to critically engage the spirit and strength of an emerging subdiscipline. To inspire dialogue, Behbehanian and Burawoy wrote a compelling paper for the MRXUQDOWKDWRIIHUHGDVKDUSGH?QLWLRQIRUWKHVXE?HOGDVZHOODVDSDQRUDPLF vista that detailed the course's trajectory. Four students from the class, all featured in this volume, responded to the introductory article. Indeed, these four young scholars answered Behbehanian and Burawoy with comments characterized by a respectfully appreciation for their contributions and, \HWDEROGFULWLTXHRI WKHGH?QLWLRQRI DVXE?HOGWKDWVHHPHGDOOWKHPRUH pressing given an alarming multitude of global crises--which the global sociology course refused to silence. By providing undergraduates an arena to meaningfully discuss the terms of a global sociology, the journal encouraged the type and tenor of analyses capable of social transformation at the heart of Eleven's namesake.

In addition to our novel thematic section, this volume showcases two exemplary papers that explicitly and implicitly engage global themes. Jassmin Antolin Poyaoan unearths the historical record to chronicle a three-part SURFHVV RI )LOLSLQR UDFLDO IRUPDWLRQ LQ WKH 8QLWHG 6WDWH +HU ?QGLQJV? which implicate the United States colonization of the Philippines--reveal how and why Filipino-Americans cannot be easily categorized within and often resist an Asian pan-ethnic category. In our other featured paper, Sarah Fleishman marries Goffman's theory of everyday life to an empirical study RI WKHXVHRI 7ZLWWHUDQRQOLQHVRFLDOSODWIRUP6KH?QGVWKDWKHUQLQHFDVHV manufacture a hyper-stylized and yet accessible Twitterself in the service of self-promotion and marketing goals. While Fleishman does not explicitly

2 EDITOR'S NOTE

discuss the global implications of a Twitterself, one can arguably recognize that online self-presentations recognize few nation-state boundaries.

Once again, we hope that you will read Eleven from cover to cover. We are thrilled to feature such polished and provocative undergraduate papers, and we hope this volume will continue to provide the community with a source of inspiration and praise for promising young scholars. So join us in our excitement for this auspicious celebration of our publication, a journal that continues its commitment to exemplary undergraduate scholarship.

Aaron Benavidez, Eleven Editor-in-Chief

*OREDO6RFLRORJ\5H?HFWLRQV RQDQ([SHULPHQWDO&RXUVH

Laleh Behbehanian and Michael Burawoy

University of California, Berkeley

When sociology began as a positivist enterprise in the 19th Century, the goal was to develop laws of society that were universal in character, that applied everywhere and through all time. Such were Durkheim's theories of the division of labor, of suicide, and of religion; such were Weber's FDWHJRULHV FODVVL?FDWLRQ DQG LGHDO W\SHV DQG VXFK ZDV 0DU[?V WKHRU\ RI capitalism. A global sociology, on the other hand, is the culminating phase of a reaction against universal sociology, introducing geographical space as central to the formation of knowledge. Global sociology directs attention to the particularity of many universal claims, but without dissolving everything into particularity, without abandoning the search for the universal.

We might say that global sociology is the third stage in the scaling up RI VRFLRORJLFDO SUDFWLFH ,Q WKH ?UVW SKDVH VRFLRORJ\ EHJDQ DV YHU\ PXFK concerned with communities. In the United States, the Chicago School was really about one city, Chicago, even if it claimed to be about the world. The second phase--and the chronology is not linear--was about the nation state. Here we get the classic studies of Weber and Durkheim, but also the research programs that drew on national data sets, focusing on national political systems and civil society of national dimensions. Again this unit of analysis was often not thematized, but rather presented as universal. The third phase is a global sociology, which while not discounting the local or the national, reaches for global forces, global connections, and global imaginations. The danger here is that global sociology once again becomes a universalization or extension of the experience of the North, in particular of the United States. Global sociology, like community sociology and national sociology, must be continually on its guard against the particular masquerading as the universal.

While global sociology may be a novel enterprise in the global North, it might be said that sociologists in the South have always had to take a global perspective, insofar as they have long been acutely aware of how their societies are shaped by forces emanating from the North, whether through forms of violent subjugation or the more subtle forms of hegemony.

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