JP 1, Doctrine for the Armed Forces of the United States

[Pages:140]? DEPAR T

M E RICA

ARMY ? U NITED

TME NT OF THE HIS W E' L L DE F E ND

Joint Publication 1

S TAT E S

A OF

Doctrine for the Armed Forces of the United States

25 March 2013

Incorporating Change 1 12 July 2017

Joint Publication 1, Doctrine for the Armed Forces of the United States, is the

capstone publication for all joint doctrine, presenting fundamental principles and overarching guidance for the employment of the Armed Forces of the United States. This represents the evolution in our warfighting guidance and military theory that forms the core of joint warfighting doctrine and establishes the framework for our forces' ability to fight as a joint team.

It is vital that we not only develop our military capabilities, but also strengthen the capacity of other government departments and agencies. This publication ties joint doctrine to the national security strategy and national military strategy and describes the military's role in the development of national policy and strategy. It thus provides the linkage between joint doctrine and the contribution of other government departments and agencies and multinational endeavors.

As we look globally at our posture and the associated strategic risk, it is imperative that our doctrine also rapidly adjust to reflect our wartime footing. The guidance in this publication will enable current and future leaders of the Armed Forces of the United States to organize, train, and execute worldwide missions as our forces transform to meet emerging challenges. The joint force must simultaneously think ahead at the strategic level, stay current at the operational level, and be informed by tactical level developments.

I challenge all commanders to ensure the widest distribution of this capstone joint publication and actively promote the use of all joint publications at every opportunity. I further challenge you to study and understand the guidance contained in this publication and teach these principles to your subordinates. Only then will we be able to fully exploit the remarkable military potential inherent in our joint teams.

MARTIN E. DEMPSEY General, U.S. Army

PREFACE

1. Scope

This publication is the capstone joint doctrine publication and provides doctrine for unified action by the Armed Forces of the United States. It specifies the authorized command relationships and authority that military commanders can use, provides guidance for the exercise of that military authority, provides fundamental principles and guidance for command and control, prescribes guidance for organizing and developing joint forces, and describes policy for selected joint activities. It also provides the doctrinal basis for interagency coordination and for US military involvement in multiagency and multinational operations.

2. Purpose

a. The US Armed Forces fulfill unique and crucial roles, defending the US against all adversaries while serving the Nation as a bulwark and the guarantor of its security and independence. The US Armed Forces function within the American system of civilmilitary relations and serve under the civilian control of the President, the Commander in Chief. The US Armed Forces embody the highest values and standards of American society and the profession of arms.

b. The nature of the challenges to the US and its interests demand that the Armed Forces operate as a closely integrated joint team with interagency and multinational partners across the range of military operations. Using a whole-of-government approach is essential to advancing our interests to strengthen security relationships and capacity by, with, and through military forces of partner nations, US and foreign government agencies, state and local government agencies, and intergovernmental or nongovernmental organizations. To succeed, we must refine and proportionally integrate the military with all of the tools of American power and work with our partner nations to do the same. Our military must maintain its conventional superiority while continuing to enhance its capacity to defeat threats. As long as nuclear weapons exist, our nuclear deterrent capability must also be maintained and modernized. When international forces are needed to respond to threats and keep the peace, we will make every effort to ensure international partners are ready, able, and willing. We will continue to build support in other countries and promote global peace and stability through the United Nations and other regional organizations, such as the North Atlantic Treaty Organization and the African Union.

c. Joint Operations. Effective integration of joint forces is intended to address functional or geographic vulnerabilities. This does not mean that all forces will be equally represented in each operation. Joint force commanders (JFCs) may choose the capabilities they need from the forces at their disposal.

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Preface

3. Application

a. This publication is written to assist members of the Armed Forces of the United States, including the National Guard, to operate successfully together. The joint team is composed of the members of each Service, Department of Defense agencies, as well as associated civilians supporting governmental and private sector workforces. The guidance in this publication is broad, authoritative, and serves as a foundation for the development of more specific joint guidance. This doctrine will be followed except when, in the judgment of the commander, exceptional circumstances dictate otherwise.

b. To ensure the Armed Forces achieve their fullest potential, all US military leaders shall incorporate the doctrine and philosophy of this publication into their efforts to develop leaders and train forces for joint and multinational operations. JFCs shall incorporate the guidelines and philosophies of this doctrine as fundamental precepts while conducting interagency coordination.

c. The Services and United States Special Operations Command (in areas unique to special operations) have specific responsibilities under Title 10, United States Code (USC), to organize, train, equip, prepare, and maintain their forces. The National Guard has similar, specific responsibilities under Title 32, USC, and includes domestic operations. These forces are employed under JFCs. Service equipment, systems, and manpower skills form the very core of US military capability. Joint warfare relies upon effective coordination of Service capabilities and expertise. When integrated into joint operations with partner military Services and other defense, logistical, and intelligence agencies, they become capable of unified action. Successful joint operations merge capabilities and skill sets of assigned Service components. Interoperability and effective integration of service capabilities enhance joint operations to accomplish US Government objective(s), building on US traditions of conducting joint operations that began with the Revolutionary War.

d. The growing threats to US and allied interests throughout the world demand US forces be proficient across the range of military operations. The fundamental principles that guide operations are recorded in joint doctrine. Joint operations are conducted routinely and efficiently in the current operational environment. To maintain and enhance this efficiency, joint leaders must diligently study, apply, teach, and ultimately provide insights to improve joint doctrine.

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SUMMARY OF CHANGES

REVISION OF JOINT PUBLICATION 1, DATED 02 MAY 2007 CHANGE 1, DATED 20 MARCH 2009

? Adds a theory section to the introductory chapter. ? Adds a joint force development chapter, including a section on joint concepts and

assessment. ? Establishes a taxonomy relating to war, warfare, campaign, and operation. ? Establishes a taxonomy relating to policy, strategy, doctrine, and concepts. ? Establishes and defines "global synchronizer." ? Clarifies the role of the Department of Defense relative to information operations

to improve efficiency in planning and execution of military operations. ? Expands the role of commander's communication synchronization and

information operations. ? Adds information on Global Force Management Implementation Guidance

resulting from the closure of Joint Forces Command. ? Introduces "total force fitness" as a value of joint service. ? Reduces redundancies and improves continuity between Joint Publication (JP) 1,

Doctrine for the Armed Forces of the United States, and JP 3-0, Joint Operations. ? Reduces redundancies and improves continuity between JP 1, Doctrine for the

Armed Forces of the United States, and JP 5-0, Joint Operation Planning. ? Establishes information as the seventh joint function. (Change 1) ? Establishes Joint Publication (JP) 1 as the foundational document that directs

joint doctrine terms in JP glossaries and those policy terms that may temporarily fill joint doctrine gaps to be reflected by event-driven updates listed in Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Instruction (CJCSI) 5705.01, Standardization of Military and Associated Terminology.

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Summary of Changes Intentionally Blank

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ............................................................................................... ix

CHAPTER I THEORY AND FOUNDATIONS

Section A. Theory ............................................................................................................. I-1 Fundamentals ..............................................................................................................I-1 War..............................................................................................................................I-2 Warfare .......................................................................................................................I-4 Forms of Warfare........................................................................................................I-5 Levels of Warfare .......................................................................................................I-7 Campaigns and Operations .........................................................................................I-9 Task, Function, and Mission.......................................................................................I-9

Section B. Foundations ................................................................................................... I-10 Strategic Security Environment and National Security Challenges .........................I-10 Instruments of National Power and the Range of Military Operations ....................I-12 Joint Operations ........................................................................................................I-16 Joint Functions ..........................................................................................................I-17 Joint Operation Planning...........................................................................................I-19 Law of War ...............................................................................................................I-21

CHAPTER II DOCTRINE GOVERNING UNIFIED DIRECTION OF ARMED FORCES

National Strategic Direction ......................................................................................II-1 Strategic Guidance and Responsibilities....................................................................II-3 Unified Action ...........................................................................................................II-8 Roles and Functions...................................................................................................II-9 Chain of Command ....................................................................................................II-9 Unified Command Plan............................................................................................II-11 Combatant Commands.............................................................................................II-11 Military Departments, Services, Forces, Combat Support Agencies, and

National Guard Bureau ............................................................................................II-11 Relationship Among Combatant Commanders,

Military Department Secretaries, Service Chiefs, and Forces .................................II-13 Interagency Coordination.........................................................................................II-13 Multinational Operations .........................................................................................II-21

CHAPTER III FUNCTIONS OF THE DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE AND ITS MAJOR COMPONENTS

Section A. Department of Defense ................................................................................ III-1 General..................................................................................................................... III-1

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Organizations in the Department of Defense........................................................... III-1 Functions of the Department of Defense ................................................................. III-1 Functions and Responsibilities Within the Department of Defense ........................ III-2 Executive Agents ..................................................................................................... III-2

Section B. Joint Chiefs of Staff...................................................................................... III-3 Composition and Functions ..................................................................................... III-3 Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff ...................................................................... III-4 Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff.............................................................. III-5 Joint Staff ................................................................................................................. III-6

Section C. Military Departments and Services .............................................................. III-6 Common Functions of the Services and the

United States Special Operations Command ........................................................... III-6

Section D. Combatant Commanders.............................................................................. III-7 General..................................................................................................................... III-7 Geographic Combatant Command Responsibilities ................................................ III-8 Functional Combatant Command Responsibilities.................................................. III-9 Statutory Command Authority............................................................................... III-11 Authority Over Subordinate Commanders ............................................................ III-11 Department of Defense Agencies .......................................................................... III-12

CHAPTER IV JOINT COMMAND ORGANIZATIONS

Section A. Establishing Unified and Subordinate Joint Commands.............................. IV-1 General..................................................................................................................... IV-1 Unified Combatant Command ................................................................................. IV-5 Specified Combatant Command .............................................................................. IV-9 Subordinate Unified Command ............................................................................. IV-10 Joint Task Force..................................................................................................... IV-10

Section B. Commander, Staff, and Components of a Joint Force ............................... IV-12 Commander Responsibilities ................................................................................. IV-12 Staff of a Joint Force.............................................................................................. IV-13 Service Component Commands............................................................................. IV-15 Functional Component Commands........................................................................ IV-17

Section C. Discipline ................................................................................................... IV-18 Responsibility ........................................................................................................ IV-18 Uniform Code of Military Justice .......................................................................... IV-19 Rules and Regulations............................................................................................ IV-19 Jurisdiction............................................................................................................. IV-19 Trial and Punishment ............................................................................................. IV-20

Section D. Personnel Service Support and Administration ......................................... IV-21 Morale, Welfare, and Recreation ........................................................................... IV-21

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