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Infants- The first yearNutrition in the first year What is colostrum?Commonly referred to as "baby's first milk," colostrum is the leftover mixture of materials present in the mammmary gland and ducts at delivery. It slowly becomes mixed with newly secreted milk, yet it differs from mature milk in composition and is not as plentiful.One of the major purposes of colostrum is to aid in the formation of the "good" bacteria, or Bifidus flora, in the GI tract. It also eases the movement of meconium. Colostrum is abundant in antibodies to protect the baby against bacteria and viruses in the birth canal and from human contact. What months do you start a baby on solid food? ____4__ to ____6___ months.Can your baby hold his or her head in a steady, upright position?Can your baby sit with support?Is your baby interested in what you're eating?If you answer yes to these questions and you have the OK from your baby's doctor or dietitian, you can begin supplementing your baby's liquid diet. When do babies start to self-feed?8-10 monthsWhat are the guidelines for self feeding? Small piecesEasy to break apartNothing that must be chewedSmall amounts at a timeWatch them continuouslyBegin modeling healthy eating habits and adequate nutrition by following what guidelines?MyPlate- the current USDA dietary guidelinesWrite the food in the order it is introduced in the first year: 1stMilk, mothers or formula2ndRice cereal, grains 3rdPureed Vegetables (yellow then green)4thFruits5thProtein- poultry before beef6thDairy (yogurt, cottage cheese, egg yolks, NOT cows milk. Even if the cereal barely thickens the liquid, resist the temptation to serve it from a bottle. Instead, help your baby sit upright and offer the cereal with a small spoon once or twice a day. Once your baby gets the hang of swallowing runny cereal, mix it with less liquid. For variety, you might offer single-grain oatmeal or barley cereals. Keep in mind that some babies eat cereal with gusto right from the start. Others are less enthusiastic. Be patient and keep trying.Once your baby masters cereal, gradually introduce pureed meat, vegetables and fruits. Offer single-ingredient foods at first, and wait three to five days between each new food. If your baby has a reaction to a particular food — such as diarrhea, rash or vomiting — you'll know the culprit.What is an extrusion reflex? A reflex that makes the infant push out or gag on foods other than liquids.Why shouldn’t you feed a baby directly from the food container?If all of the food is not eaten, you have contaminated the entire contents of the container. Bacteria from baby’s saliva mix in and lives in the food. It then breaks down the food and causes it to spoil. Why should a baby be introduced to one new food at a time?Because if the baby has a reaction to a food, you will know what it is immediately. If you introduce several foods at a time, you won’t know which one is the problem. How long should mother’s milk or formula be given to a baby? Why?Until late in the first year. Cows milk is highly allergenic.List 4 foods to avoid giving a baby in the first year.Cow’s milk, Honey, egg whites, fish, peanut butter, highly processed foods, foods with additives, soda pop, grapefruit, chocolate, candy bars, orangesWhen can a young child eat honey?After 2 years oldIf the baby cries, don’t immediately offer food. Tears don’t mean hunger and you don’t want them associating food with comfort.Never microwave milk in a bottle. This creates dangerous hot spots in the liquid that will burn the baby. Instead, run the bottle under hot water until milk is lukewarm.Propping a bottle up in the baby’s mouth causes milk to gush into their mouth. This can cause ear infections, digestive problems and tooth decay and they miss out on the important physical contact and attention.Throw away unfinished bottles that have been sitting in the refrigerator for over 2 hours.At around 6 months of age the infant is able to digest solid foods. It also has control over the thrusting reflex so it won’t spend the majority of feeding time thrusting out its tongue and the food.Why might bottle fed babies be at risk for overfeeding?Because caregivers may urge the baby to finish the milk left in the bottle, even if the child is full. What is a teacher beaker?A cup with a lid, with a slotted mouth piece on it.Physical Development in the first yearPut the following physical development milestones in the correct sequence:2Roll Over5Crawling1Lift their head7Walking4Creeping3Sitting Up6Cruising Babies might skip the crawling phase, but studies have linked crawling to the development of brain pathways necessary for reading and other cognitive skills.Provide toys that get a child down on the ground to crawl around during play. Babies might skip the crawling phase, but what have studies linked crawling to the development of? Brain pathways necessary for reading and other cognitive skills. Put the language development milestones in the correct sequence:babblingcryingPutting a few words togethercooingcooingbabblingSingle wordsSingle wordscryingPutting a few words together What is the difference between cooing and babbling?Cooing is using vowel sounds such as ooooooo and ahhhhh. These sounds are easiest to make. This can start at a few weeks until 6 weeks.Babbling is a vowel with a consonant such as ad, da, ma, between 6-12 months.Single words between 13-14 months.List the 5 senses and describe a way an infant learns through each one.SmellCan smell mother, sensitive to odorsEye sightSize of adults, by 2 months can distinguish colortouchLike to be touched, nurturing—squishing foodhearEars Close to head, responds to high pitched sounds (baby talk)tasteVery well develop, put everything in their mouths Infants ___triple_____________ their birth weight in the first year.An infant’s length increases by ______one-half_________ by the end of the first year. What is object permanence?Knowing that na object still exists even when it is out of sight. Play helps all areas of development. Children learn through play!-Write in the description that matches each type of play:Solitary PlayPlaying alone or engaged in activities that only need one person. Onlooker PlaySitting back and watching other’s playing as if observing them or waiting for your turn to participate in the activity.Emotional & Social Development in the first year When does emotional development begin in the life of a child?What do babies prefer to interact with and look at?What is stranger anxiety?When someone comes to visit and the child cries or appears to be afraid of them.What is separation anxiety?Results from separation from a parent/caregiver or sentimental item.Piaget’s Sensorimotor Stage of Development Age for this stage of developmentBirth to age 2 Babies learn through their senses and their own actions. Why do babies put things in their mouths?To learn through their sensesWhat is parentese:Intentionally oversimplified ,musical manner of speech, imitative of young children learning to talk, used by adults in talking to toddlers and infants. Often accompanied by exaggerated facial expressions. “Who’s my li-i-ttle baybee? Yes, yooo are!”SIDSWhat is SIDS:Sudden Infant Death Syndrome- the sudden unexplainable death of an apparently healthy child (often under 1 year old)What are some ways to help prevent SIDS:Having the child sleep on its backNo stuffed animalsAvoid smoking/second hand smokeNo pillowsNo soft bedding ................
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