Ch
Ch 31 PPT: Life in the Roaring 20’s
Background: Living standards rose; new technologies, consumer products, forms of leisure, entertainment = “Roaring 20’s,Jazz Age,” Red Scare=fear of Communism.
TMWK
1. What first time change is shown and why?
[pic]
Ailing Agriculture and Migration
■ Early 1920's: Agricultural depression contributed to urban migration
■ U.S. farmers lost agri. markets in postwar Europe
■ At same time agricultrual efficiency increased so more food produced (more food=lower prices); fewer laborers needed
■ Farming no longer as prosperous;
bankers called in their loans (farms repossessed)
■ American farmers enter Depression ahead of rest of society
■ 1915: boll weevil wiped out cotton crop
■ White landowners went bankrupt & forced blacks off their land
■ Blacks moved north due to booming wartime industry = Great Migration - Black ghettoes began to form, i.e. Harlem
TMWK
2. Map What change is the map depicting?
3. Pg 721 quote: What strong opinion is being shared?
4. Pg 722 What group is being shown here and who are they against?
Fear of Communism (Red Scare)
• Due to Bolshevik Rev in Russia - small Communist party formed in U.S.
• Americans fear Communism because:
1. Against American beliefs/values
2. Against capitalism (private ownership of land and business)
3. Against 1st Amendment rights
1919 Palmer Raids: Workers participate in a calm and legal strike, but mayor called in federal troops to put down strike (considered revolutionary)
• Attorney General Mitchell Palmer led to think people were communists. Jailed or drove out 6,000 supposed Communists or illegal aliens (only 556 actually were)
• June 1919: Palmer’s home was mail bombed
• May 1920: Palmer announced threat of Communist riots, but didn’t happen so Palmer lost credibility.
• Sept 1920: Wall Street bombed – killed 38.
Sacco and Vanzetti Case
Ferdinando Sacco and Bartolomeo Vanzetti: Italian immigrants accused and convicted of murdering 2 men during 1920 armed robbery in Mass.
They were radicals and atheists.
Controversial trial issues due to contradictory evidence: 1) Were the men actually guilty? 2) Were the trials fair?
Executed Aug 23, 1927.
KKK
• Anti: Catholic, Black, Jewish, Pacifist, Communist, Internationalist, evolutionist, bootlegger, gambling, adultery, birth control.
• Pro: Anglo-Saxon, “Natives”, Protestant.
• Reaction to Red scare, rising status of Blacks, social change.
• Group spread quickly in Midwest and Bible Belt in South.
• Decline of KKK:
-People disagreed with their tactics: cross burning, whips, tar/feather
-Congress investigated embezzlement by KKK member: $10 initiation fee, $4 given to organizers who recruited people.
Tmwk
5. Pg 723 What is the cartoon depicting and what's it for or against? Topic,people/time/region/OI
Stemming the Foreign Flood
• 1921 Emergency Quota Act: 800,000 immigrants from southern and eastern Europe in 1920-1921.
• Act restricted immigrants to 3% of people of their nationality living in the U.S. in 1910.
• 1924 Immigration Act: Cut immigration from 3% to 2%, using the year 1890.
• Favored Western and Northern Europeans; against Southern and Eastern Europeans. (Italians, Greeks, Poles, Jews)
• Japanese prevented from immigrating. Didn’t impact Canada and Latin Am.
• 1931: for 1st time, more foreigners left America than arrived.
• Cultural Pluralists - Kallen and Bourne favored immigration; helped the idea of multiculturalism grow.
• Kallen: U.S. should be a protective area – ethnic and radical groups could preserve their cultural identity.
• Bourne: greater interaction between immigrants so America would lead in transnationality or an interweaving of cultures.
TMWK
6. Pg 728 What is being depicted in the picture? Make two comments using OI.
7. Pg 729 Through 2 pictures, what is occurring during this era of the 1920's: write 3 details
Prohibition "Experiment"
• 18th Amendment: Prohibited manufacture, sale, transport, consumption of alcohol.
• Volstead Act: imposed criminal penalties for violating 18th Amendment.
• South: favored; West: favored; East: didn’t favor
• Difficult to enforce law: many disliked the law; didn’t feel it was a crime/officers took bribes.
• Speakeasies: place that illegally sells alcohol; Code to get in; high profits, but often raided by police
• Bootleggers: illegal business of transporting liquor
• 1933 21st Amendment: repealed 18th Amendment
Golden Age of Gangsters
• Organized Crime
• Gangs in Big Cities: Violent wars broke out between rival gangs over selling alcohol.
• Al Capone: Italian-American gangster, smuggler, bootlegger of liquor who engaged in gang warfare; made millions – “public enemy #1.”
• St Valentine’s Day – killed 7 rival gang members, wasn’t convicted. Arrested later for income-tax evasion.
TMWK
8. Pg 731 Analyze the picture: What has occurred in education?
Education
• More states require students to stay in school until 16 – 18 years old.
• # of 17 year olds finishing high school doubles
• Monkey trial: TN, Teacher John T Scopes indicted for teaching evolution (illegal in that town). His lawyer was Clarence Darrow.
-William Jennings Bryan was the Prosecutor; he took the stand as a Bible expert. But Darrow made him look foolish.
-Scopes found guilty - fined $100, but set aside on a technicality.
Mass Consumption Economy
• New inventions powered by cheap energy increased productivity of labor
• Assembly line production: helped build automobile industry led by Henry Ford
• Rise in standard of living
• Buying on credit = installment plan; later would be a cause of economic issues.
TMWK
9. Pg 733 Give your opinion of the very first car. Who built it?
10. Pg 734 What is the graph showing? Topic/pattern/significance/OI
Age of Automobile
• New jobs and business due to development of car – petroleum, steel, rubber, glass, fabrics.
Assembly Line
Consumerism - Consumer Products
Humans Develop Wings
Wright Brothers: Orville and Wilbur – 1st successful flight = 12 seconds/120 feet.
Charles Lindbergh: 1st non-stop, solo flight from NY to Paris on Spirit of St. Louis (took over 30 hrs)
Radio Revolution
Earliest radio programs were local; improvements made long distance broadcast possible.
Commercials for advertising began.
Politicians used radio to reach public (speeches)
Women and Blacks in 1920s
Margaret Sanger: Organized movement for use of birth control. Opened 1st clinic and estab Planned Parenthood
Alice Paul: 1923 National Woman’s Party – campaigned for equal right’s amendment (ERA) to the Constitution.
TMWK
11. Pics Pg 739 thru 741 Describe 3 specific things that marked the era of the Roaring 20's.
Flapper: referred to "new breed" of young women who wore short skirts, bobbed hair, listened to jazz, flaunted their disdain for what was then considered acceptable behavior.
Jazz: Music genre developed by American Blacks; (Handy “Jelly Roll” Morton and Joseph King Oliver.)
Langston Hughes: African-American poet and social activist. Wrote plays, music, poetry
during Harlem Renaissance - a cultural movement.
Marcus Garvey: Jamaican born; founded United Negro Improvement Association (UNIA) to promote re-settlement of Blacks to Africa
-UNIA aided Black businesses to help promote their success.
-Advocated racial separation
-Garvey convicted of mail fraud and deported
-Purchased ship to start Black Star line
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