Withdrawal:



Information on Contraception Types

Withdrawal:

• Behavioral type of contraception

• Male removes his penis from the vagina prior to ejaculation

• Keeps the sperm from reaching egg

• Average failure rate: 27%

• This method is especially poor if the man cannot predict when he will ejaculate, or if he will want to have sex again within a short period of time, in which case sperm will probably be present in the pre-ejaculate.

• Withdrawal is most popular among teens, the age group for which this method is also least effective, with an average failure rate of 31%

• Advantages: no prior planning needed, no medical side effects

• Disadvantages: does not protect against STDs, high failure rate

• Not recommended for teenagers

Male Condom:

• Barrier type of contraception

• A thin, latex or polyurethane tube that covers the penis

• Prevents sperm from reaching the egg

• Average failure rate: 14 -15%

• Advantages: inexpensive, easily accessible, no medical side effects, protects against STDs

• Disadvantages: must be put on correctly, latex allergy

• Used by males

• Recommended for teenagers

Female Condom:

• Barrier type of contraception

• The female condom has a flexible ring at the closed end of the pouch with a slightly larger ring at the open end. The smaller ring at the closed end keeps the female condom in place, whereas the larger ring rests outside the vagina. The female condom keeps the vagina and cervix from coming in contact with the skin of the penis or with secretions from the penis.

• Prevents sperm from reaching the egg

• Average failure rate: 21%

• Advantages: protects against STDs, no medical side effects, you don’t need a prescription, less likely to break as compared to male condoms

• Disadvantages: It may be a distraction during intercourse because of crackling or popping noises, More expensive than male condoms (approximately 5 times), difficult to use correctly

• Used by females

• Can be used by teenagers

Diaphragm:

• Barrier type of contraception

• A round rubber dome inserted into the vagina to cover the cervix. Spermicide is added to kill any sperm that may get around the protective barrier.

• Must stay in vagina 6 hours after sex to make sure all sperm is dead before removing

• Prevents sperm from getting to the egg, kills sperm

• Average failure rate: 16%

• Advantages: It is reusable and relatively inexpensive, It is small and easy to carry,

• Disadvantages: The most common side effect you could experience from using a diaphragm is vaginal irritation. Latex allergies, history of toxic shock syndrome, or irregularities of the vagina or cervix could create additional risks. A prescription is required so appropriate size may be given. May not be inserted correctly.

• Used by females

• Not recommended for teenagers

The Pill:

• Hormonal type of contraception

• Hormone pill taken by mouth daily. Oral contraceptives usually come in a package of 28 pills that contain 21 active pills with hormones and 7 placebo pills.

• If pills are taken every day at the same time, and each pack is started on time, oral contraceptives are 99% effective in preventing pregnancy. On average, oral contraceptives are 93-97% effective because women often miss pills or do not start a new pack on time.

• Prevents risk of pregnancy three ways: Prevent ovulation each month. The cervix produces less and thicker mucus so that sperm cannot easily enter the uterus. The lining of the uterus becomes thinner, making it more difficult for a fertilized egg to attach to the uterus should ovulation occur and fertilization take place

• Possible side effects: Pills may cause nausea, breast tenderness, irregular spotting, weight gain, mood changes or headaches. Blood clots are a potential risk. You should not use oral contraceptives if you have a history of stroke, heart attacks, blood clots, liver disease, breast cancer or are over 35 years old and smoke.

• Health Benefits: Periods are usually lighter with less cramping, if used for several years, the chance of developing cancer of the ovaries and uterus are decreased, can help clear acne

• Advantages: Low failure rate if used daily as directed, research for over 40 years has proven long term safety, moderately priced, Easy to use

• Disadvantages: Requires a prescription, Must be taken every day at the same time, No protection against STD's

• Used by females

• Oral contraceptives are obtained through a prescription from your healthcare provider.

• Recommended for teenagers

The Patch:

• Hormonal type of contraception

• The birth control patch is a thin plastic patch (1 3/4 inch square) placed directly on the skin of the woman.

• The patch is worn for one week at a time and it is placed directly on the skin of your buttocks, stomach, upper arm or upper torso.

• The patch is replaced once a week on the same day each week for three weeks in a row. The patch is not worn during the fourth week to allow your menstrual flow to occur at this time.

• Prevents risk of pregnancy three ways: Prevent ovulation each month. The cervix produces less and thicker mucus so that sperm cannot easily enter the uterus. The lining of the uterus becomes thinner, making it more difficult for a fertilized egg to attach to the uterus should ovulation occur and fertilization take place

• The birth control patch has a failure rate of less than 1% when it is used correctly and consistently.

• The patch may not prevent pregnancy if you weigh 198 pounds or more.

• Possible side effects: may cause nausea, breast tenderness, irregular spotting, weight gain, mood changes or headaches. Also yeast infections, contact lens problems, and depression.

• The patch exposes a woman to more than 60% more estrogen than the birth control pill. This increased level of estrogen can lead to risks such as blood clots, strokes and heart attacks.

• The patch begins to work immediately, but a second form of birth control should be used during the first seven days of the first month the patch is used.

• Your "change patch day" is determined during the first month you start. It may either be the first day after your period ends or the Sunday following the start of your period.

• When you change your patch each week, it should be worn in a different approved location. This keeps your skin from getting dry or irritated.

• Advantages: Highly effective when used correctly, You do not have to remember to take a pill each day, Minimal side effects

• Disadvantages: Does not protect against sexually transmitted diseases. Requires a prescription. Increased exposure to estrogen which can cause other health complications.

• Used by females

• Obtained through a prescription from your healthcare provider.

• Recommended for teenagers

The Ring:

• Hormonal type of contraception

• The vaginal ring is a soft flexible piece of plastic that contains synthetic hormones to be absorbed inside the vagina.

• Prevents risk of pregnancy three ways: Prevent ovulation each month. The cervix produces less and thicker mucus so that sperm cannot easily enter the uterus. The lining of the uterus becomes thinner, making it more difficult for a fertilized egg to attach to the uterus should ovulation occur and fertilization take place

• The vaginal ring is inserted into your vagina where it remains for three weeks. It is removed during the fourth week to allow your menstrual period to occur. At the end of the fourth week the process is repeated.

• The vaginal ring has a failure rate of less than 2% when it is used correctly and consistently.

• Possible side effects: may cause nausea, breast tenderness, irregular spotting, weight gain, mood changes or headaches. Also yeast infections, contact lens problems, and depression.

• The vaginal ring begins to work immediately, but a second form of birth control should be used during the first seven days of your first month's use of the vaginal ring.

• If the ring comes out, it is best to replace it right away. If you do this within 3 hours, no back up method should be necessary.

• Advantages: Highly effective when used correctly, You do not have to remember to take a pill each day, Minimal side effects

• Disadvantages: Does not protect against sexually transmitted diseases. Requires a prescription.

• Used by females

• Obtained through a prescription from your healthcare provider.

• Recommended for teenagers. The vaginal ring may be a good choice for young women who find it difficult to remember to take a pill every day or who have difficulty swallowing pills. They must feel comfortable enough with their bodies to be able to insert a device into the vagina.

The Shot:

• Hormonal type of contraception

• Depo-Provera is an injection containing the synthetic hormone progestin

• The injection is obtained from your healthcare provider every 11 to 13 weeks. The healthcare provider will inject the synthetic hormone in the upper arm or in the buttocks. The initial injection is given within the first five days of your menstrual bleeding. Follow up injections are repeated every 11 to 13 weeks.

• Prevents risk of pregnancy three ways: Prevent ovulation each month. The cervix produces less and thicker mucus so that sperm cannot easily enter the uterus. The lining of the uterus becomes thinner, making it more difficult for a fertilized egg to attach to the uterus should ovulation occur and fertilization take place

• Depo-Provera has a failure rate of less than 1% when it is used correctly and consistently.

• Possible side effects: Irregular bleeding is the most common side effect. For some there may be increased light spotting and breakthrough bleeding, whereas others may experience longer and heavier bleeding. may cause nausea, breast tenderness, irregular spotting, weight gain, mood changes or headaches. Also acne, anxiety, backaches, bloating, depression, leg cramps, hair loss or excessive hair growth, or loss of sex drive.

• If the injection is given between the first and last day of your menstrual flow, the protection against pregnancy begins immediately.

• Advantages: Highly effective when used correctly, You do not have to remember to take a pill each day, Lighter periods and possibly no period after a year, Prevents uterine fibroids and has a possible protective effect against endometrial and ovarian cancers, Does not contain estrogen which may increase the risk of heart problems

• Disadvantages: Does not protect against sexually transmitted diseases, Irregular bleeding which may include prolonged or heavier menstrual flow, Injections may be painful

• Used by females

• Obtained through a prescription from your healthcare provider.

• Can be used for teenagers.

The Implant:

• Hormonal type of contraception

• A small, flexible plastic tube containing hormones that doctors insert just under the skin of the upper arm.

• It is a matchstick-sized flexible tube that can be left in place and protects against pregnancy for up to 3 years.

• Prevents risk of pregnancy three ways: Prevent ovulation each month. The cervix produces less and thicker mucus so that sperm cannot easily enter the uterus. The lining of the uterus becomes thinner, making it more difficult for a fertilized egg to attach to the uterus should ovulation occur and fertilization take place

• Failure rate of less than 1%

• Possible side effects: Irregular bleeding is the most common side effect . may cause nausea, breast tenderness, irregular spotting, weight gain, mood changes or headaches may cause nausea, breast tenderness, irregular spotting, weight gain, mood changes or headache. Possible scarring where the tube is inserted

• Advantages: It is a safe and highly effective birth control method, It is a private and discreet birth control method. Nobody can tell if you are using it, and there is no packaging or other evidence of use that may embarrass some women, It allows for continuous, long-lasting birth control, About 1 out of 3 contraceptive implant users have no periods after one year.

• Disadvantages: Does not protect against sexually transmitted diseases, Irregular bleeding which may include prolonged or heavier menstrual flow, possible scarring

• Used by females

• Obtained through a prescription from your healthcare provider.

• Can be used for teenagers.

Emergency Contraception:

• Hormonal type of contraception

• Emergency Contraception is often referred to as "The Morning After Pill," but it actually is a dosage of a few pills combined.

• This form of birth control is often used in the event of unprotected sexual intercourse, in the cases of sexual assault and rape or in the event that another type of birth control has failed.

• Prevents risk of pregnancy three ways: Prevent ovulation each month. The cervix produces less and thicker mucus so that sperm cannot easily enter the uterus. The lining of the uterus becomes thinner, making it more difficult for a fertilized egg to attach to the uterus should ovulation occur and fertilization take place

• The first dose of pills is taken as soon as possible, followed by another dose 12 hours later. The manufacturers of both Preven and Plan B encourage you to take the emergency contraception within 24 hours for maximum effectiveness.

• Emergency contraception decreases the possibility of pregnancy by 75% -89% depending on the type of medication taken.

• This method is most effective the earlier it is taken.

• Emergency contraception is not as effective as other uses of contraception and should not be used as replacement of other methods.

• Possible side effects: may cause nausea, breast tenderness, irregular spotting, weight gain, mood changes or headaches may cause nausea, breast tenderness, irregular spotting, weight gain, mood changes or headache.

• Emergency contraception may affect your next menstrual cycle by making it earlier or later, or causing blood flow to be different than normal.

• Does not protect against STDs

• Used by females

• If under 17, obtained through a prescription from your healthcare provider.

• Can be used for teenagers.

Spermicides:

• Spermicide is a chemical product that comes in the form of a jelly, foam, or cream.

• To be effective, the spermicide must be placed deep in the vagina, close to the cervix. Creams, gels, and foams are squirted into the vagina using an applicator. Other types of spermicides include vaginal contraceptive film (VCF), a thin sheet placed in the back of vagina by hand, and vaginal suppositories.

• Most spermicides contain nonoxynol-9, a chemical that kills sperm.

• Although foam used correctly every time possesses a failure rate of approximately 8%, spermicidal chemicals alone are not considered an effective form of birth control.

• Typical use of spermicide, which is considered the way most people use it, possesses a failure rate of 26%

• Spermicides should be used with another barrier method of birth control: diaphragm, cervical cap, or condom.

• Possible side effects: allergic reaction to the chemicals in spermicides leads to itching, burning, or possibly redness.

• Advantages: Easily accessible through grocery stores, drug stores, and supercenters, inexpensive and easy to carry

• Disadvantages: Must be inserted less than 30 minutes prior to intercourse so they have enough time to dissolve and spread, are only effective for 1 hour after they are inserted., Must be inserted for each act of sexual intercourse, Requires another barrier method to avoid high failure rates, do NOT protect against sexually transmitted diseases

• Used by females or can be found on some male condoms

The Sponge:

• The contraceptive sponge is a soft saucer-shaped device made from polyurethane foam.

• Designed to fit over the cervix

• Before inserting the sponge, wet it with at least two tablespoons of clean water. This will activate the spermicide.

• The sponge can be inserted up to 24 hours before intercourse. It must be left in place for at least six hours after the last time you have intercourse. It should not be worn for more than 30 hours in a row.

• Prevents risk of pregnancy three ways: It blocks the cervix, preventing semen from entering the uterus, The sponge contains spermicide which kills sperm, The sponge absorbs the semen.

• The failure rate during typical use is approximately 16%

• Possible side effects: The contraceptive sponge has been associated with some women experiencing toxic shock syndrome (TSS) - a rare but serious life-threatening bacterial infection.

• Advantages: Easy to use and effective immediately, Inexpensive, Does not require a medical exam or prescription, It generally cannot be felt by you or your partner

• Disadvantages: Does not protect against sexually transmitted diseases, It must be left in place for at least six hours after the last time you have intercourse, It may be difficult for some women to insert or remove the sponge. It may cause vaginal irritation.

• The sponge is available at your local Planned Parenthood health center, other family planning clinics, drugstores, online, and in some supermarkets.

• Used by females

• Not recommended for teenagers.

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