Ferhenga Kurdî - Îngilîzî (Baran Rizgar)



Kurdish-EnglishDICTIONARYFERHENGAkurd?-?ng?l?z?Baran RizgarCopyright ? M.F.?NEN, 199345 Wilmot Close, Peckham Hill St., London SE15 6TZAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced,stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any formor by any means,electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise,without the prior permission of the author.Illustrated by Nevin YAVUZPrinted and bound in Great Britainby Lithosphere Printing Cooperative82/90 Queensland Road, London N7 7AWTel 071 700 6545CONTENTS - NAVEROKinside Front CoverMap: Kurdish Inhabited Regions4-5Kurdish Alphabet - Elfabeya Kurd?6-7Abbreviations - Kurtebej8- 14Introduction - P8?gotinCompilation - Berhevkirina PeyvikanAlphabet - ElfabeUse of the Dictionary15-17Bibliography - ?avkan?20-210Kurdish - EnglishVKurdt - ?ng?l?z?212-376English - KurdishV?ng?l?z? - Kurd?377 - 378Irregular Verbs - Lêkerên Nerêzdar379 - 382Statistics on Kurdish Sounds/Heljimêrên Dengên Kurd?383 - 399Kurdish Grammar - Rêzimana Kurd?400Kurdish Number s/Hej mar en Kurd? Inside Back CoverRoman, Arabic and Cyrillic Scripts/T?pên Lat?n?, Ereb? ? K?r?l?THE KURDISH ALPHABET ELFABEYA KURD?1. A,anan, dar, barana in father (always long).2. B,bbav, b?r, bilindb in bar, bed, (as in English).3. C,ccar, cil, bacj in June, jar.4.?,??ar,?ilch in chair, church, Turkish ?.??0, ?erm,ke?unaspirated %, see INTRODUCTION.5. D,ddar, dild in dear, do (as in English).6. E,eerê, ez, em,emira in bat, bad (but shorter).eseet, ezman, emirArabic ? see INTRODUCTION.7. ?,êêvar, kêr, §êrThe open sound as in French é.8. F, fferheng, felatf in soft (as in English).9. G,ggav, agirg in girl (as in English).10. H,hhevok, hav?nh in honey (as in English).hruh, hal,hulhul?Arabic?see INTRODUCTION.11. ?, ijin, kin, rindas in unaccented the or e in garter.12. I,?d?n, ??n, t?ee in seen.13. J,jjor,jêr,j?ras in French jour, Turkishj, sin vision.14. K,kker, kêr, kw?rk in kick (as in English).kkon, ?ek, kw?runaspirated k, see INTRODUCTION.15. L, 1law, lerz, d?l1 in luck (as in English).16. M,mmar, mas?, m?rm in mine (as in English).17. N,nnan, nerm, n?n in no (as in English).18. 0,0dor, sor, kono in fore (always long).19. P,ppor, p?rt, p?ngp in park (as in English).Bpen?r, p?runaspirated p, see INTRODUCTION.20. Q,qqaz, qenc, beqguttural q.21. R,rpir, dêr, er??as in English.rrê, pir, bir?nrolled r, see INTRODUCTION.22. S,ssê, s?r, bess in safe (as in English).23. ?,??or,?er,?evsh ?n show, Turkish ?.24. T,ttêr, ta, tut in tear (as in English).tt?r, ta, tuunaspirated t, see INTRODUCTION.25. U,ugund, kur, kurtas u in English but very short and often scarcely audible.26. ?,?b?n, durlong u, as French ou.27. V,vvala, vir, kevirv in love (as in English).28. W,wwek, dew, wan?w in wish (as in English).29. X,xxebat, xan?as ch in Scottish loch (very deep French r).Xbax, axa, xulaniArabic ?, see INTRODUCTION.30. Y,yyek, heye, qeyy in boy (as in English).31. Z,zzor, zer, nezz in lazy (as in English).ABBREVIATIONSAArabicadjadjectiveadvadverbaffirmaffirmativeanatanatomyArmArmenianastrastrologybotbotaniccompcomparativeconjconjunctiondemonstrdemonstrativeegfor exampleEngEnglishespespeciallyetcand the othersexclexclamationffeminine nounfinfinancialFrFrenchGkGreekgeogeographyimperimperativeintinterjectioninterrinterrogativeKrdKurdishlonglanguageLotLatinlinglinguisticsmmasculine nounmedmedicalmilmilitarymusmusicnnounnegnegativeosoneselfpersperson(al)PPersianpipluralposspossessiveprefprefixpreppreposition(al)pronpronounsbsomebodysingsingularsthsomethingsuffisuffixTrTurkishWillusuallyviintransitive verbvttransitive verbzoolzoologyKURTEB?Jrgprengp??erzrêzimanstrstêrezan?xa?xurdepa?xi?xurdepê§xwdxwed?t?yjyekejimaramtanatom?bhdberhevdaBMBritanya Mezinbj?bij??k?bnbane?anbnrbinêreenc?navdda?ekDYADewletên Yekb?y?yên Amer?qaelkelektr?kemer?n?fitfermamghng?hanekhwdher wek? dinWi?ark?lallêkera al?karlglêkera gerand?Inglêkera negerand?11le?ker?muzmuz?knnavnynney?n?pirejimarprspirsiyar?pxwzimanê pêxwasanrgdrengdêr?P??GOT?NA: BERHEVK?R?NA PEYV?KANBe?e pe??n (Kurd?-?ng?l?z?) bi lêkol?neke li ser 300 pirt?k, kovar ? rojnameyên Kurd? hat pêkan?n. Vê xebatê ?mkana berhevkirina li dor 15.000 pey vikên Kurd? da min. Min d?re pey vikên ku min ji axaftinên Kurd? berhcvkirib?n bi ser vekir u bi v? away? hejmaran wan bu li dor 25.000-an. Di gava dudan dc min van peyvikan dan berten di ?end ferhengên Kurd? de, ew bi iêziman? ji hev an?n ? hember?yên wan ên ?ng?l?z? niv?s?n.Bo amadekirina be?e dudan (?ng?l?z?-Kurd?) min li nêz?k? 50.000 peyvikên ?ng?l?z? kola ? ji wan nêz?k? 18.000-ên bingeh?n hilbijartin. D?re van peyvikan ji hev hatin an?n ? hember?yên wan ên Kurd? hatin niv?s?n.Di ferhengê de, ji herdu zimanan bi hezaran bi wêj li gel m?nakên bikaran?nên cüda hene.Her?iqas di vê ferhengê de ji gi?a zaravên Kurd? pey vik hebin j?, bingeha wê ?? ser Kurmanc? ye. Wek ku tê zan?n, ev zarav ji al?yê Piran?ya Kurdên Bakur, gi?a Kurdên Kurd?stana S?r?yê, yên li Sowyet ? Lubnanê, ? be?ek ji Kurdên Ba??r ve tê bikaran?n.B: ELFABEFerhengt?pênlat?n?bikart?ne. Elfabeya Kurd? ji 31 t?panpêktê. Tablo deng?t?pan dide ber hev. Ji berku elfabeya Kurd? ji xwe fonet?k e, min ji bo bilêvkirinê t?pên fonetik bi kar nean?ne. Lê belê, hin t?p du dcngan dinim?nin (tems?l dikin); aspirated/ên bêhndanê (ênbêaqsan) ? unaspirated/ên bêhngirtinê (ênbiaqsan). Bi Kurd? ji van rc dengên cêw? tê gotin. Ji van t?pan, ‘ ‘?,k,p,r,t” pir gir?ng in, ji ber ku ew belav in ? biaqsan bilêvkirina deng dikane peyvikeke cihê pêk b?ne. Kurdên Sowyetê j i bo her aqsanek? van t?pan t?peke cihê bi kar t?nin. Ji ber tuneb?na lêkol?neke k?r ? f?reh ? ncnas?ya zimanzanên biyan? ya dengên biaqsan, meriv di derheqê vê babetê de li encamên hevnegirt? rast tê. Ji bo ku ji van d?r bi sekinim, min 10.930 peyvikên Kurd? yên bingeh?n (72.521 t?p/deng)ji hev an?n (anal?z kirin), di vê ferhengê de, min cncamên vê xebatê j? bi grafik ? tabloyan pe?ke? kirine. Ew pircar?ya (freqansa) t?p/dengên Kurd?, qêsa dengên biaqsan, hwd. didin. Ji bo ku ez bilêvkirineke ba? bidim ? peyvikan tevlihev nekim, min ji bo biaqsan xwendina dengan t?p binxet kirin. Bi v? away?, min xwest ez c?dat?ya peyvikên wek “ta / temperature, fever” ? “tam thread”, “?omrod, stick” ? "?oint usedfor a donkey torrujve'’, ‘‘ker” n donkey ? ‘‘ker’’ adj deaf, “pir/bridge ?4‘pir adjmuch, many, very”, hwd. j? bidim xuyakirin. Ji ber vê yekê, divê t?pên binxetkir? (?,k,p,r,0 wek biaqsan bilêvkirina wan t?pan bê fahmkirin, ne wek t?pên c?da. Cihêb?na herdu aqsanên t?pa r ew e ku r-ya biaqsan tê gindêrkirin. Sedema ku di hin niv?sarên Kurd? de ev deng bi du r-yan (rr) tê niv?s?n j? ev e. Lê belê, ji ber ku ducarkirin ? gindêrkirina dengek? ne eyn? ti?t e, n??ankirina vê t?pê yê ji ducarkirina wê ?êtir be. Wekku tê zan?n, r gava ku l?pa/dengê pey vikekê yê yekemin be her tim biaqsan(gindêrkir?) ye ? di gelek peyvikan de du r-yên biaqsan an j? yeka biaqsan ? yeka bêaqsan li pey hcv tên. Ev rast?ya bikaran?na vê metodê p?? dike. Hek em vê metodê bi kar b?nin, divê em peyvikên rê, rêz, berran, piran?, pirreng, pirr?, rêrast, serri?te, serr?, zêrav, kerelal, qareqar wek rrê, rrêz, berrran, pirran?, pirrrreng, pirrrr?, rrêrrast, serrri?te, serrr?, zêrrav, kerrelal, qarreqarr biniv?sin. Divê metodeke ku cihêt?ya r-ya biaqsan ? ya bêaqsan armanc bike hevgirt? be. Meriv nikane ji bo hinekan t?pên serbixwe bi kar bine ? guh nede yen din an j? tenê di hinek rew?an de n??an bike. Di hinek peyvikan de e, h ? x wek bi Ereb? , ? tên bilêvkirin. Ev reng bilêvkirina van t?pan hatiye binxetkirin (g, h,_x). Ji bo peyvikên ku min di niv?saran de d?tine ? bilêvkirina wan nebih?stine binxetkirin nehatiye bikaran?n. Di hin ferhengên ji al?yê Kurdên li Sowyetê ve ?apkir? de, dengên bêaqsan (aspirated) hatine n??ankirin, lê belê, ji ber ku armanca binxetkirinê, bal?d?andina xwendevan bo dengên biaqsan (unaspirated) ên ji normalê c?da ye, ferqxistina navbeyna van dengan bi n??ankirina dengên biaqsan be, dê pirtir bikêr bê. Gava pê§?n ew e ku meriv biryar bide ku em ê j i bo dengên biaqsan t?pên c?da bi kar b?nin an na. Hek meriv hejmara dengên bingeh?n bide p?? ?av (31), meriv bi hêsan? dib?ne ku ji bo dengên biaqsan t?pên c?da bi kar an?n dê elfabeyeke neprat?k ? dijwar pêk b?ne. Lê cardin j? ji bo ferheng/.an ? kesên biyan? problcmeke bilêvkirinê dim?ne. Ji ber ku bêaqsan bilêvkirina van dengan kêm zêdc wek a di zimanên din (Tirk?, ?ng?l?z?, hwd.) de ye, ya hcr? ba? ew e ku meriv di ferhengan de bilêvkirina biaqsan n??an bike. Nêr?na ku dengên biaqsan pirtir tên bikaran?n ?ewt e. Dengên bêaqsan ji yên biaqsan pirtir tên bi kar an?n; di vir de k ? t-ya biaqsan (unaspirated) ?st?sna ye, ew ji yên bêaqsan pirtir tên bikaran?n. Ev yeka pe??ye li s?stemeke li ser bingeha pircar?ya van dengan digire. Di eyn? wextê de nêr?na n??ankirina dengên bêaqsan j? ji tune de ne prat?k e. Ji xwe, ji ber ku kesên ji zikmak? bi Kurd? dipeyivin van dengan dinasin, ji wan re tenê n??ankirina bilêvkirina biaqsan hewee ye. S?stema n??ankirine divê tes?rê li te?eye (§iklê) t?pan neke, an na ew ê bê mana guhertina elfabeyê. Li gora ku piran?ya Kurdan parastina elfabeya xwe dixwazin (ji xênd? pirsa i ? ?), divê meriv di vê gavé de ji guhertinan d?r bisekine ? wan ji rêxistineke ku ji tune de piran?ya Kurmancan tems?l bike re bihêle. Evyekayê p??? li anar??ya elfabê j? bigire. Sedema ku min di vê ferhengê de binxetkirin hilbijart ev e. Binxetkirin ji bo balki?andin? ye ? tu têkil?yên wê bi te?ey? t?pan re tuneye.C: B?KARAN?NA FERHENG?Di Kurmanc? de zayend hene, ji ber vê yekê zan?na zayendan gir?ng e; ji ber ku ew tes?rê li tewandinên navan dikin. Wek m?nak; Kurê min: My son (kur bi ê hatiye tewandin), Ke?a min: My daughter (ke? bi a hatiye tewandin). Ji bo al?kar?ya xwendevanan,/(navê feminine/mê) ? m(navê masculine/nêr) li gel her nav? bi t?pên ?tal?k hatine niv?s?n. n (noun/nav) n??an dike ku nav ji bo herdu zayendan j? tê bikaran?n (wek heval, karker, xwendekar, hwd.) an j? zayendeke w? ye^taybet? tuneye (zayend li gor herêman tê guhertin). Zayenda navên Kurd? di be?? ?ng?l?z?- Kurd? de j? hatiye dan, wek m?nak: abdomen anat zik m. m n??an dike ku zik nêr e. ? meriv dibêjc zikê min, meriv nabêje zika min.Izehên peyvikan ên rêziman? bi t?pên ?tal?k hatine niv?s?n. Peyvikên ne Kurd? yên e?kere hatine gotin. Wek: Ayet/A, A n??an dike kuewnavji Ereb? hatiye wergirtin.Kevanek ( ) ji bo peyvên ne mecbur? hatine bikaran?n. Wek m?nak, (ser) ber jêr b?n, kevanek didin fahmkirin ku him ser ber jêr b?n ? him j? ber jêr b?n tê bikaran?n. Kevanekji bo ?zehanj? tên bikaran?n. Wek, demsal/season (of ayear). Raweya Ferman? di kevanekên li pey lêkeran de hatiye niv?s?n. Ev dê ji bo ki gandina Dema Niha j? al?kar?yê bide xwendevanan. Wek m?nak, di ??n (bi?e) de, bi?e ferman?yalêkera??n e.N?gandeka (/) ji bo peyvên alternatif hatiye bikaran?n. Wek m?nak, bi rê ve/va, n?gandek tê maneya ku him bi rê ve ? him j? bi rê va tê gotin.N?gandeka (~), ji dévia peyvikabingeh?ntê bikaran?n. Wek m?nak, di?zehên hest? de, hun ê ~yê bazinê dest, hwd. bib?nin; ew tê maneya hest?yê bazinê dest. Ji ber c?dab?nên bilêvkirinên herêm? ? neb?neke standarda bilêvkirin an rastniv?smê, hin pey vik bi gelek awayan tên niv?s?n, wek ?ikandin, ?ikenandin, gkandin. Ji bo ku kêmtir cih bigire ji wan ?zehayekê tenê hatiye kirin, yên din xwendevan dig?nin abi ?zeh. Wek m?nak, ?ikandin see ?ikenandin. ?ikenandin(bi?ik?ne) vf break.Yeki ? ti?tek? tewandinên yek (kesek) ? ti?tek in. Di vê rewgê de nav ? c?navên tewand? (min, te, w?, wê, me, we, wan) li dewsa wan tên bikaran?n. Wek m?nak, xew(a yejr?) hatin vibe/feel sleepy. Xewa min/Zelalê tê. I am/Zelalis sleepy.Rengp?ge/pêglêkerên 1 jê,lê,pê,tê’ ’ kurteyên ji w?/wê an ji yejr?/ti?tek?, li w?/wê an li yek?/ti?tek?, bi w?/wê an bi yek?/ti?tek?, di w?/wê an di yek?/ti?tek? ne. Dizimanê Kurd? de ew pir gir?ng in, ji ber ku pir belav in ? pirê caran maneya lêkerê ya bingeh?n diguher?nin. Di vê ferhengê de bi gir?ng? li ser wan hatiye sekin?n. Wek m?nak: kirin (bike) vt 1 do. Te ?i kir? What did you do? 2 put (in/into). jê ~ vt 1 eut. 2 break off, tear off. 3 undress. Min kine ji pitikê kir. I undressed the baby. lê ~ vt 1 write. 2 put up (a wall, etc), build. 3 dress (sb), clothe (sb).DiKurd? de, gelek caranji dévia rengdêran raweya xwed?t?tê bikaran?n. Jibonavên binavkir?di raweyaxwed?t?de sêpagpirtikhene: yê (ji bo navên nêr ? yekejimar), ya (ji bo navên mê ? yekejimar) ? yên (ji bo navên pirejimar). Min, ji bo ku kêm cih bigire, tenê yê bi kar an?ye; divê xwendekar bizanibe ku ev her sê pagpirtik gora zayend ? pirejimar an yekejimarb?na nav pev tê guhertin. Heknav bi t?pekebêdeng biqede t?pay nayêbikaran?n. Wek m?nak: manual rgdyê dest. ~ labour karêdest.Serniv?sên wek (' 23,hwd.), peyvikênc?dayên wek hev tên niv?s?nn??an dikin.Gelek ?zeh bi hej maran, wek 1,2,3, hwd. hatine parvekirin. Ew mane an bikarhatinên peyvikan ênc?dan?gan dikin.D: S?PASDAR?Gelek sipas ji Songül, Ertugrul, Yildiz, Jonathan, Paul ? Umut reji bo pigtgir? ? al?kar?ya wan a hin karên teknik ? pratik.BIBLIOGRAPHY - ?AVKAN?A: MAGAZINES-KOVARBerbang; all issues (Kovara Federasyona Komelên Kurdistanê Li Swêdê).Bergeh, issues: 3,4,5,6 (Kovara Siyas?, ?and?, Lêkol?n?, Sweden).Berhem, Kovara Lêkol?nên Civak? ? ?and?, Stockholm.Dengê Komkar; ail issues (Kovara Federasyona Komelên Karkerên Kurdistan Li Almanya Federal).Hawar. issues: 1-9, 24-57 (Kovara Kurd?, Damascus).Hêv?; Institut Kurde de Paris, France.Hêviya Welêt (Xcmre? Re?o, 1963-5).Kurmanc?; all issues (Institut Kurde de Paris).Rew?en; all issues (Kovara Yek?t?ya Rew?enb?rên Wclatparêzên Kurdistan, Bonn). 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Kurdish Language; Khorshid, Fuad Hama, Baghdad, 1983.Kurdish Readers; Jamal JalalKurtlerin Men?e i ve Kürt?e ?ncelemeleri; Me Cams, Istanbul, 1962.Kürt?e Grameri (Grammaire Kurde); Em?r Celadet Bedirxan & Rogert Lescot, Doz Yay?nlar?, Istanbul, 1991.Li Ser Rêya Cegerx?n; Gund?, Wesancn Roja N?, Stockholm, 1986.Mehmed Arifê Ciz?r? Kewê Ribad e; Segvan Abdulhekim, Wc?anên Apec Tryck & F?rlag, Stockholm, 1990.Memê ? Ey?? (?ano); Taharê Biro, Enstituya Kurd? ya Brukselê, Bruxelles, 1991. Mem ? Z?n; Ehmedê Xanê, Hasat Yay?nlar?, ?stanbul, 1990.Mirina Kalek? Rind; Mehmed Uzun, Orpheus, Stockholm, 1987.M?rsad-ul Etfal (Amadegeha Zar?kan); ??x Mihemed Kerbela, We?anen J?na N?, Uppsala, 1989).Rojek Ji Rojên Evdalê Zeynikê; Mehmed Uzun, We?anên Welat, Stockholm, 1991. Li Kurdistana Bakur ? Li Tirkiyê Rojnameger?ya Kurd?; Malm?sanij & Mahm?d Lewend?, Weganên J?na N?, Uppsala, 1989.Siya Ev?nê; Mehmed Uzun, We?ancn Welat, Stockholm, 1989.Standard Kurdish Grammar; Akrawy, F. R.;?ex Sen’an; Feqê Teyran, We$anên Roja N?, Stockholm, 1986.Tar?xa Kurdistan; C?gerxwin, We§anên RojaN?, Stockholm, 1987.Temb?r; Feq?yê Teyran, We?anên Ronah?, Zürich, 1976.Tu; Mehmet Uzun, Dengê Komal, Stockholm, 1984.Xelat, D?wana Yekem; T?rêj, We?anên Ni?timan, Sweden, 1991,Zargotina Kurda I, II; Ord?xanê Cel?l ? Cel?lê Cel?l, Ne?irxana Nauka, Moskova, 1978.Zargotina Kurdên S?r?yê; Cel?lê Cel?l, We§anên J?na N?, Uppsala, 1989.Zend Avista; Cigerxw?n, We§anên Roja n?, Stockholm, 1981.Zev?yên Soro; N?r? ?emd?n, Weganxana Kurdistan, Stockholm, 1988.Zozan; Casimê Cel?l, We§anên Roja N?, Stockholm, 1982.Xwen?e 1,11,11; Zeynelabid?n Zinar, We?anxana ?anda Kürdi, Stockl?olm, 1990.D: DICTIONARIES-FERHENGCollins Cobuild English Language Dictionary; 1990.Contemporary Turkish - English Dictionary; Redhouse, Istanbul, 1983.English Language Dictionary; Collins Cobuild, London, 1990.English - Turkish Dictionary; Redhouse, Istanbul, 1980.Ferhenga Kurd?-R?s?; Kurdoev K. K., Moskova, 1960.Ferhenga Uris?-Kurmanc?; I.O. Fanzov, Mosco, 1957.Ferheng (Kurdish - Turkish); D, ?zol?, Kurdish Student’s Society in Europe, Netherland, 1987.Kurdish - English Dictionary; Tawfik Wahbi and C. J. Edmonds, Oxford, 1966. Kurdish - French - English Dictionary; Joyce Blau, Publications du Centre pour l’Etude des Problems du Monde Musulman Ciontemporain, Bruxeles, 1965. Kurdish - Turkish; Musa Anter, Istanbul, 1967.Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English; 1989.Mini S?zlük; Redhouse, Redhouse Yay?nevi, Istanbul, 1985.Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary of Current English; 1985.Türk?e S?zlük; Türk Dil Kurumu, Ankara, 1988.Turc-Fran?ais,Fran?ais-Turc;DictionaryUniversal Langenscheidt, Istanbul, 1985.a'/the first letter of the Kurdish alphabet.a2 ira Ah! Oh! So! a3 definite article used in the possessive caseforfeminine-singular noM/wke?- min my daughter, ~ min mine. ~ te yours. ~ wê hers. ~ w? his. ~ me ours. ~ we yours. ~ wan theirs. a4 article acting as a conjunction and used for feminine-singular nouns the one that. Ke?- li her der? k? ye? Who is the girl in front of the door? Jin- dirêj mamoste ye, a kin ke?~ wê ye. The tall woman is a teacher, the short one is her daughter. - din / the other one. - din? rojê the following day. a5 see an12. ab see av. abab?l see ebab?lk. abadani see abad?n. abad? see abad?n. abad?n adj eternal, immortal, abal fadj changing one’s beliefs; (person) having changed their beliefs. - b?n vi change one’s religion/beliefs. abanoz /ebony, hot Diospurus ebenum. abeg?ne/glass; crystal, abid m,adj devout, pious man; devout, pious, abidestan P see roj. abig?n see ???e. ab?dar see avdar2.ab?ne/part of fire-box of hookah inserted into water-bowl.abn?s/ ebony,fert Diospyros ebenum. abone nFr 1 subscriber. 2 subscription. - b?n, b?n - vi subscribe (to), abor/ 1 requirement, necessity. 2 livelihood, living. - bun/kirin vi,vt live on sth. Ew bi meh?ya jina xwe - dike. He lives on his wife’s salary. 3 trace, groove. 4 remnant, remainder. aborandin1 (biabor?ne) vt 1 support (a person), help (sb) to make their living. 2 sell off (good, things). aborandin2/sale, selling, abon/economy. zanistiya ~yê economics, abor?n (biabore) vi live (on), abr? see avr?. abur see abor.ab?r? see abort, ac m ivory, -a diran/dentine, acente /It agency, branch office. acil1 adj, A 1 urgent. 2 swift, quick. acil2 n 1 future. 2 present, aciz adj A 1 weak, incapable, powerless. 2 bored, annoyed. - b?n vi get bored, be bored, jê - b?n vi have had enough of, be annoyed with. - kirin vt annoy, bore, disturb.acizandin (biaciz?ne) w annoy, bore. aciz?/1 boredom, annoyance. 2 discomfort, uneasiness.aciz?n (biacize) vi get bored, be annoyed. ac?r1 m burnt brick. ae?r2 see ec?r.adan1 adj fertile, fecund. ~? / fertility, fecundity.adan2 n dairy products. -? adj milky. adan3 n food, nutriment.Adar/March.ade n kinds of insects (inclined to bite). Adem m 1 Adam 2 man, human being. ~? adj human. ~i za n human being, adese/A lens.adet /custom, habit. - kirin vt become accustomed to. ji xwe re kirin - vt get into the habit (of). ~? adj usual, normal, ordinary, routine, ji -é der adj unusual, abnormal, extraordinary, adir see agir, adiz see aciz 2.ad? adj A simple, ordinary, vulgar, -ti / commonness, inferior quality, adres Fr see navn??an. afaq n A horizons, aferim see afertn. afert see afertn. afertn int Well done! Bravo! afertnek/l character. 2 work, work of art, written work, afir / manger.afirandêr n 1 creator, maker, producer. 2 author.afirandin1 (biafirtne) vt create, invent. afirandin2/work, work of art, opus, afirandiyar adj creative, afirtn (biafire) v/be created, be invented, be born.afirvan see afrandêr.afi?/Fr placard, poster, afitab fP sun, sunlight, afrandêr see afirandêr.Afriqa/ Africa. ~ Navendi Middle Africa. - Ba??r South Africa.Afganistan / Afghanistan, afyon/Gr opium, agadar see agahdar. agah adj,f informed; information. - b?n vi be informed of. ~(a yeki) heb?n vt be informed of, know about. A~a min tune.I haven’t heard (about it), I don’t know about it. ~ kirin vt inform, warn, agahdar adj informed. ~ b?n vi be informed. - kirin vt inform, agahdar? / information. ~ dan vt give information, agah? / information, agahker n informer, informant, ageh see agah, agehdar see agahdar. agir m fire. - barandin vt bombard, shoot repeatedly and continuously. ~ berdan (fi?teki) set fire to (sth). ~ dadan vt light (fire). - girtin vt catch fire. ~ hilgirin vt light (fire). ~ kirin vt shoot. ~pê ketin vi catch fire. A- bi xan?yê me ket. Oui- house caught fire. ~ pê xistin vt set fire to.agirbaran / bombardment, agir barandin vt bombard, agirbazi / fireworks, agirbest / ceasefire, armistice, truce. Agirdan/November, agirdank/hearth, fire-place, grate, agire/ syphilis.agirgir adj inflammable, inflammatory, agirgirtin/inflammation, agirin adj fiery, volcanic, agirkuj n fireman; fire extinguisher, agirnak adj fiery, burning, agirperest n fire-worshipper, agirpijên fadj volcano; volcanic, agirvan n stoker.agirxwe? adj nice, likeable, pleasant, aha int Look! lo! ahan see aha.ahd/A vow, promise. ~ kirin vt vow (todo sth), promise (os). ahen1 adj hard. ahen2 m iron.aheng/1 harmony. 2 rhythm. ~dar adj harmonious, rhythmical, aheste adj P slowly, softly, ahên / grief, sorrow. ahiramen,ahiren,ahir??ne,ahir??nin m (Zoroastrianism) The Devil, Satan, ahiste see aheste.-ah? suff forming nouns, eg: ronahi, mezinaht.ahize fA receiver, receiving set. ahmaq,ahmax adj A stupid, fool. ahremen,ahrime see ahiramen. ahtapot n zool octopus, ah? P 1 see xezal. 2 see kemani. Ah?ramazda m the greatest God in Zoroastrianism.aidandin (biaidine) vt mix (to), add (to), aidat fA revenue, receipt, dues, aj n young shoot, sprout, ajal n flocks or herds; crowd, ajawe / confusion, disorder; civil turmoil, tumult.ajik n 1 wild almond. 2 shoot, ajine m hammer (for chipping stone), ajnaber n swimmer, -i/swimming, (bi) -i listin vt swim, ajni see ajnaberi.-ajo suff used to form nouns meaning driver, eg: kerajo (donkey driver). ajobena,ajobêna adj chronic, ajotin (bajo) vr 1 drive. 2 plow, plough (a field). 3 last, continue. Sê seetan ajot. It lasted for three hours. - hundir vt break into, burst into. ~ ser vt attack. ajotkar,ajotvan n driver, akademi see aqademi. akam/1 end. 2 consequence, result. 3 effect. al‘/flag- ~ hildan vr flag, hoist the flag. ~(a xwe) danin vt lower/strike (one’s) flag, -dar/g?r/kg? n standard-bearer. al2 see sor. ala see al1.alaf1 m feed (for cattle or sheep). alaf2 / flame. alaf5 see glaf. alal /tulip.alan /echo.aland?n (bialêne) vt wrap, pack, alastin (bialêse) vt lick. Pis?k tems?kê dialêse. The cat is licking the plate, alat A pi of alet.alav n (asu pi) thing, tool. alay/P 1 mil regiment. 2 crowd; all (of a group).alay? see alay.alaz /intention, purpose. ~ kirin vt mean, intend (to say).Albanya/ Albania. ~y? adj,n Albanian.album / Fr album.al?en f omit upper jaw, maxilla.ale?ok/tent made of felt.alem fA world.alet m A tool, instrument.Alew? n member of the religious sect that reveres Ali. alfat/disaster, alêstin see alastin. algon m,adj dark pink, alif m fodder. ~ dan vt feed (animals), alifandin (bialif?ne) vt feed (animals), aliqandin (bialiq?ne) vt hang, suspend, aliq?n (bialiqe) vi be hung, be suspended. al?1 m side, direction; area. ~yê ?epê/ raste left/right side, v?/w? ~this/thatside. ji her ~ veji hem? ~yan ve from all sides, li her - all over, all around. Le?ker ber bi v? ~ ve ??n The soldiers went in this direction/this way. bi her ~ ve in all directions, ji ~.. ve by. Ew ji ~ dizek? ve hat ku?tin. He was killed by a thief, ji ~yê din besides, on the other hand. ~ kirin vt help. Wan ~ min kir. They helped me. Em hatin - te bikin. We came to your aide, xwe dan ~k? vt withdraw, recede, draw away from, al?kar n helper, assistant, aide. ~t/help, assistance, aid. dan (yek?) vt help, support. ~?(ya yek?) kirin help (sb). al?2 A see bilind. al?m?ny?m / Ft aluminium, al?n (biale) vt interlace, intertwine, al?negir adj,n neutral, impartial not belonging to either sides.. ~ kirin vt neutralize. ~\f neutrality, impartiality, al?sor/kind of pear with some red parts.Alman n,adj German, Germanic. ~? / German (language). ~ya/Germany. ~ya Rojava West Germany. ~ya Rojhelat East Germany.alo Hello! (used in telephone conversation), alos ad) spoilt rotten, decayed, -bar adj perishable, temperamental. ~ b?n vi decay. ~\f rottenness, decay, aloz adj 1 unnatural. 2 harsh, hard. ~? / violence; harshness; hardness, difficulty, alqol fFr alcohol, alternatif fFr alternative. al?1/gland, tonsil. al?2/plum.al?? n,adj cylinder; cylindrical, al??e/plum (green), alude see lewit?. al?le / side-street.al?s adj 1 elegant. 2 affected, showy. ~? / 1 elegance, attractiveness. 2 affectedness, showiness, al?z?/problem, matter. alvêr/7V trade, shopping, amac see armanc.amade adj ready, prepared, present. ~ bun vi be ready, be present. - kirin vt prepare, make ready, xwe ~ kirin get ready, amadekar n organizer, preparing person. -?/ preparation, amadet?/preparation; being ready, aman n household utensils, pots and pans, amanc see armanc. ambar see embar. amber see ember, amel A see emel.Amerika see Amer?qa, Amer?qa/America. ~y? adj, ti American. Dewletên Yekb?y? yen ~. the United States of America. ~ya Bakur North America. ~ya Ba??r South America, amêjen / alloy.amini/ security. ~(ya xwe pê) an?n vttrust (in), rely (on), am?n int Amen.am?r n A 1 commander, commanding officer. 2 superior, chief. ~hêz n commander, amo m paternal uncle, amojgar?/advice.amojin/aunt, paternal uncle’s wife. ~zan paternal uncle’s child, amojkar n adviser, counsellor. amonyaq/ZV chem ammonia, amper n Fr ampere, amp?l fFr electric bulb, am?ret m tool, implement.-an1 suff forming oblique case of plural of nouns pên?sên ke?- the girls’ pens.-an2 suff forming ordinal numbers ?ar~ fourth. an3 conj or. ev - ew this or that. - j? or, or else. - na if not, otherwise, ana see aniha.anal?z / Fr analysis, see jihevan?n, h?randin, hevderan?n. ananas / pineapple, anar see hinar. anar?i fGk anarchy. anatom?/Fr anatomy, andam see endam.-ane suff forming adverbs, eg: merd-bravely, honestly.ango adv therefore, that is to say.Angola/Angola.angori adv according to, in accordance with, aniha adv now, at the moment; immediately, right away, anika see aniha. an? see gn?1.an?n (b?ne) vt bring. ~ ber vi submit. - bergavan vt consider. ~ ber gavên xwe vi imagine, envisage. ~ cih vt carry out, perform. ~ dinyê vt give birth to. ~ holê vt reveal, bring to light. ~ zimên vt express. ber bi hev ~ vt cause (them) to become closer, bring (them) near one another, bi xwe re - vt bring with os. ji hev - vt analyse, analyze, classify, separate. li hev - vt 1 reconcile. 2 make (one thing) fit (another); make (up), invent, an??k see en??k. anka see aniha. ans?kloped?/Gk encyclopedia, antam see endam, antarkt?ka see antarqt?qa. Antarqt?qa/ Antarctica, antên fFr antenna, aerial, ap m paternal uncle, apa/see met. apand?st fFr appendicitis.apartman /Fr apartment, apore m vagrant, tramp, apter adj mad. ~?/madness, aqadem?/Gk academy. aqar/1 desert. 2 orchard. 3 area, open field, aqas see ewqas. aqasya/Gk acasia. aqeliyet f A minority, aqil m A intelligence, wisdom, mind, ji - der adj unreasonable, -ane adv intelligently, wisely, -mend adj wise, intelligent, -sivik adj unreasonable, foolish. ~sivik(t)? / foolishness, stupidity, kem- adj foolish, stupid. kêm~?/foolishness, stupidity, aqit see dims, aq?bet/A end, result. aqord/Fr(amusical instrument) tune, bê - out of tune, bi- in tune. - kirin vt tune, aqordyon /Fr accordion, aq?bet see aq?bet. aqwary?m /Lat see mas?dank. ar/A shame. ar1 see agir. ar2 see ard. ar3/ar, arc.aram/patience; rest; ease. - kirin vt be patient. ~?/ease, peace of mind, repose. araq/A arrack, aras?te see arast?.arastin (biarêse) vt adorn, ornament,decorate, arast? adj adorned, decorated, ornamented, arav/soapy water (used), arayi?t / adornment, decoration, ornament. - kirin vt adorn, embellish, xwe - kirin vt dress up, decorate os. arbing/ shears, arc/bamboo, ard m flour.ardel?ke /powdery snow. ardik/1 semolina. 2 sawdust, ard? fuel, arezar see zarezar. arez? see arz?. arez?mend see arz?mend. arg see erg.argon adj fire-coloured, arif adj A knowing, wise, arihan (biarihe) see ar?n. arik/anat palate.arimandin (biarim?ne) vt rest. xwe~ vthave a rest.ariyandin (biariy?ne) vt hurt. ar(i)yan (biare) see ar?n. ariz? adj A temporary.art1 /ash. an2 see al?1.Ari3 ti,adj Aryan, -nijad n Aryan arik/ ceiling, ar?kar see al?kar. ar?kar? see al?kar? ar?le adj effeminate, ar?n (biare) vi ache. |)ê ~ vi ache. Ser bi min ar?ya. I have a headache. arjing1/species of cherry tree. arjing2 mdry branches of trees, dry twigs, ark?sk / cricket.armanc / target, aim, purpose, object, ideal.a rni ??/residue (left after crushed grapes).arsim/cold, flu.ar??w f Fr archives.arte?/army.ar? m cucumber.ar?ng/ apricot.arvan see ard.arzan see erzan.arzan? see erzan?.arz?/desire, wish. ~ kirin vt want, wish, desire, -dar/mend adj desirous, wanting, asan see hêsan. asans?r f Fr elevator, lift, asfalt/ Fr asphalt; asphalted road, asê adj 1 rebellious, obstinate. 2 steep, precipitous, difficult of access. ~ b?n vi resist. ~ kirin vt fortify, strengthen, -geh / fortification, stronghold, asik m stomach, asiman, as?man see ezman. as?m?lasyon f Fr assimilation, as?min/jasmine, asiwa/horizon. ~n n horizons, as?t fFr acid, as?tan see hew?. ask / gazelle, asman see ezman. asman? adj abstract, aso/horizon. ~y? adj horizontal, asogeh/summit line of mountain range, horizon line.aspirin fFr aspirin, asraq n ceiling.Astan /Saturn.astar m 1 lining. 2 priming, undercoat. - kirin vt line, astern see asteng.asteng/ 1 obstacle, difficulty. 2 roughness (of the country or mountain), adj 1 difficult. 2 rough, uneven, ast?n/euff (of sleeves), astronom Fr see stêrezan.Asya / Asia. ~y? n, adj Asian. a?1 m mill. ~ê agir? power mill. ~ê avê water mill. ~ê bay? wind mill. ~ê qehwê coffee mill, coffee grinder. ~gêr measure of flowing water sufficient to drive a water mill, -van n miller, -van?/ miller’s tr ade, being a miller. a?2 n ................
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