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Cellular Energy Overview ActivityLook over all of the figures and questions. Record all answers on a separate piece of paper. These answers will serve as your notes for this information. Use Figure 1 to answer the following questions:Figure 1: Flow of Energy-97908-517What is the main input of energy in our ecosystem?Which types of organisms have chloroplast containing cells?Which types of organisms have mitochondria containing cells?Copy the following table onto your paper and fill it in to the best of your ability:288163096520PhotosynthesisAerobic Respiration Purpose?Location?Reactants?Products?Equation?00PhotosynthesisAerobic Respiration Purpose?Location?Reactants?Products?Equation?How are photosynthesis and cellular respiration related to one another?For each of the following state whether you believe they are capable of photosynthesis, cellular respiration or both (HINT – think about where the processes occur and what types of cells contain those parts)Oak TreeTigerHuman BeingDaisyUse Figure 2 to answer the following questions:Figure 2: Glucose13970012065What molecule is shown in the diagram above?Where is energy stored in this molecule?Which three elements make up this molecule?What is the chemical formula for this molecule? (count the number of each type of atom)Look back to Figure 1; explain how this molecule relates to the processes of photosynthesis and cellular respiration.Simple sugars are called monosaccharides. List several foods/beverages that contain plex sugars are made up of many mononosaccharides bonded together. Starch is a polysaccharide. What are some foods that you eat that contain polysaccharides?What part of a food label indicates the amount of energy that could be released from this food?Use Figure 3 and the text beside it answer the following questions:Figure 3: Kilocalorie Table058420Our body cells require a continuous supply of energy just to stay alive–to keep the heart pumping blood, to breathe, to maintain body temperature, and to digest food. These and other life-sustaining activities use as much as 75% of the energy a person takes in as food during a typical day. Above and beyond the energy we need for body maintenance, we also need it for voluntary activities. This table shows the amount of energy it takes to perform some of these activities. The energy units are kilocalories (kcal), commonly referred to simply as “calories” in nontechnical sources. The values shown do not include the energy the body consumes for its basic life-sustaining activities. Thus, sleeping or lying quietly does not consume any energy above the energy used in maintenance.What percentage of our food consumed is used to fuel involuntary life processes?Which voluntary activity requires the most kilocalories per hour?How do you think your body turns food into usable energy for involuntary and voluntary movement?Use the text below and Figures 4 & 5 to answer the following questions:Figure 4: ATP1905074295Cells must convert glucose to a usable form of energy. This is like converting an MP3 to a MPEG file for your IPOD. While the bonds in the glucose molecule store a tremendous amount of energy, it cannot be used by the cell in this form. So, the energy in glucose is transferred to molecules called ATP. This process happens in a series of distinct steps called cellular respiration. One molecule of glucose can generate up to 38 ATP molecules!Figure 5: The Conversion of ATP to ADP-3396615724535energy produced by respiration00energy produced by respiration21526541910Like glucose, ATP stores energy in its bonds. Particularly the bonds between the 3 Phosphate groups (notice the 3 P’s). When the cell is ready to use the ATP – to move a muscle or simply allow you to breathe – a bond is broken. This act releases the stored energy. Notice that when the bond is broken between the second and third Phosphate group the name of the molecule changes from ATP to ADP. -46291555245energy used for cellular work (muscle contraction, active transport, dehydration synthesis etc)00energy used for cellular work (muscle contraction, active transport, dehydration synthesis etc)114363555245ATP=Adenosine TriphosphateADP= Adenosine Diphosphate00ATP=Adenosine TriphosphateADP= Adenosine DiphosphateWhy do cells have to convert glucose into ATP? How many ATP can be generated from one glucose molecule?What are the three main components of ATP?How many phosphate groups does ATP have?Where is the energy stored in ATP?How is energy released from ATP?What is the difference between ATP and ADP?What do you think would need to happen to turn ADP back into ATP? The energy in ATP is used by the body for many different purposes. What are some specific examples of processes that your body needs energy for? ................
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