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IR 364 THE POLITICAL ECONOMY OF LATIN AMERICAN DEVELOPMENT

Prof. Carol Wise

Spring Semester 2017

VKC 150 T-TH 2:00-3:20

Office Hours: Thursday 3:30-6:00 Office: VKC 328

Phone: 213-740-2138

E-mail: cwise@usc.edu

This course offers a survey of the main economic development themes and strategies that have prevailed in Latin America over the past century. By analyzing the interplay between politics and economics, as well as the interaction between domestic and international variables, the course explores the dynamic changes that have occurred over this time period. The course will proceed in three parts. Part one spans the period from 1900 to the eruption of the 1982 debt shocks---a critical juncture for Latin America that surpassed the dramatic political and economic impacts of the Great Depression era of the 1930s. Part two analyzes Latin America’s post-1982 transformation from the standpoint of trade liberalization, financial integration, and the widespread transition to democracy in the region. Part three identifies the most pressing issues that remain to be tackled on the contemporary development agenda: the future of regional trade and economic integration, the challenge of inequality, the debate over how Latin America has been affected and can best cope with China’s remarkable surge in the global economy, and the future of U.S.-Cuba relations.

The course requirements include: two in-class mid-term exams, worth 20 points each and an in-class final exam worth 40 points; and, your participation in a group presentation and/or student debate. Your participation in the group presentation or student debate will count for 10 points; attendance and your participation in class discussions throughout the semester will count for 10 points of your grade. All assigned readings have been posted on Blackboard and should be completed prior to class. ONE POINT of extra credit will be granted for participation in the TIRP or JEP programs. If you accrue more than 3 unexcused absences your grade will be reduced by 1 point; more than six unexcused absences will result in a 2 point reduction in your grade, and so on.

Students with disabilities: Any student requesting academic accommodations based on a disability is required to register with Disability Services and Programs (DSP) each semester. A letter of verification for approved accommodations can be obtained from DSP. Please be sure the letter is delivered to me as early in the semester as possible. DSP is located in STU 301 and is open from 8:30 a.m.–5:00 p.m., Monday through Friday. The phone number for DSP is (213) 740-0776.

CLASS SCHEDULE AND ASSIGNED READINGS

Week 1: Introduction and Overview of the Course

January 10: Overview

January 12: The Current Scenario

Mark Eric Williams. 2012. “Hemispheric Relations in the Twenty-First Century.” In Mark Eric Williams, Understanding U.S.-Latin American Relations (New York, NY: Routledge), pp. 318-355. PDF Posted on Blackboard

THE 20th CENTURY IN HISTORICAL CONTEXT

Week 2: The Political Economy of Development

January 17: Film---“When Worlds Collide: The Untold Story of the Americas after Columbus”

Stanley Engerman & Kenneth Sokoloff. 2012. Economic Development in the Americas since 1500: Endowments and Institutions (New York, NY: Cambridge University Press), chapter 9. PDF Posted on Blackboard

January 19: Defining Development

Patrice Franko. 2007. The Puzzle of Latin American Economic Development (New York: Rowman & Littlefield, third edition), chapter 1. PDF Posted on Blackboard

Stanley Engerman & Kenneth Sokoloff. 2012. Economic Development in the Americas since 1500: Endowments and Institutions, chapter 2. PDF Posted on Blackboard

Week 3: The “Good” and “Bad” Times

January 24: The 20th Century---1900-1914, the “Good Times”

Rosemary Thorp. 1998. Progress, Poverty and Exclusion: An Economic History of Latin America in the 20th Century (Washington, DC: Inter-American Development Bank), pp. 1-95. PDF Posted on Blackboard

January 26: World War I & the “Bad Times”--- The First Big Shock

Victor Bulmer-Thomas. 2003. The Economic History of Latin America since Independence (Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, second edition), pp. 82-188. PDF Posted on Blackboard

Week 4: The Great Depression and Populist Renaissance

January 31: The Great Depression---The Second Big Shock

Rosemary Thorp, Progress, Poverty and Exclusion, pp. 97-125. PDF Posted on Blackboard

• The effect of the Great Depression on Latin America (Group 1)

February 2: Populist Renaissance---Brazil & the Estado Novo

Thomas Skidmore. 1967. Politics in Brazil, 1930-1964 (New York, NY: Oxford University Press), pp. 3-47. PDF Posted on Blackboard

Week 5: Populist Renaissance---Mexico & Argentina

February 7: Mexico---Cardenas and the Birth of Single-Party Rule

Film clips on this period in Mexico.

Roberto Newell and Luis Rubio. 1984. Mexico's Dilemma: The Political Origins of Economic Crisis (Boulder and London: Westview Press), pp. 29-72. PDF Posted on Blackboard

• The Tenacity of single-party rule in Mexico (Group 2)

February 9: Argentina---The Rise of Peronism in the 1940s

Film Clips on this period in Argentina.

Jorge Fodor. 1989. “Argentina’s Nationalism: Myth or Reality?” In The Political Economy of Argentina, 1946-83, edited by Guido Di Tella and Rudiger Dornbusch (London: MacMillan), pp. 31-55. PDF Posted on Blackboard

Pablo Gerchunoff. 1989. “Peronist Economic Policies, 1946-55.” In The Political Economy of Argentina, 1946-83, edited by Guido Di Tella and Rudiger Dornbusch, pp. 59-85. PDF Posted on Blackboard

• What exactly is “Peronism”? (Group 3)

Week 6: World War II---The Third Big Shock

February 14: Latin America and World War II

Victor Bulmer-Thomas, The Economic History of Latin America since Independence, pp. 232-267.

February 16: The Heyday of Import-Substitution Industrialization (ISI)

Patrice Franko, The Puzzle of Latin American Economic Development, pp. 55-75.

Rosemary Thorp, Progress, Poverty and Exclusion, pp. 127-199. PDF Posted on Blackboard

• Why did Latin America choose a protectionist trade model after WWII? (Group 4)

Week 7: Mid-term Exam I

February 21: Study Day

February 23: Mid-term Exam I

Week 8: “Developmentalism” and the Rise of Authoritarian Rule

February 28: From ISI to Export-led Development

Peter Kingstone. 2011. The Political Economy of Latin America (New York, NY: Routledge), pp. 19-44. PDF Posted on Blackboard

Katherine Sikkink. 1991. Ideas and Institutions: Developmentalism in Brazil and Argentina (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press), pp. 29-71. PDF Posted on Blackboard

March 2: Market Experiments and Military Coups

Daniel C. Hellinger. 2011. Comparative Politics of Latin America (New York, NY: Routledge), chapter 7. PDF Posted on Blackboard

• Why did military dictatorships embrace radical market reforms in the 1970s? (Group 5)

THE 1980s: A CRITICAL TURNING POINT

Week 9: The 1982 Debt Crisis---The Fourth Big Shock

March 7: The International Environment Turns Hostile

Victor Bulmer-Thomas, The Economic History of Latin America since Independence, pp. 353-391.

Patrice Franko, The Puzzle of Latin American Economic Development, pp. 77-143.

Rosemary Thorp, Progress, Poverty and Exclusion, pp. 201-239.

March 9: Democratic Transition and the Interplay between Politics & Markets

Film clips on this period.

Juan Corradi. 2003. “Prelude to Disaster: Weak Reform, Competitive Politics in Argentina.” In Post-Reform Politics in Latin America: Competition, Transition, Collapse, edited by Carol Wise and Riordan Roett (Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press), pp. 105-133. PDF Posted on Blackboard

Kenneth Roberts. 2003. “Party System Collapse amid Market Restructuring in Venezuela.” In Post-Reform Politics in Latin America: Competition, Transition, Collapse, pp. 249-272. PDF Posted on Blackboard

Carol Wise. 2003. “Mexico’s Democratic Transition: The Search for New Reform Coalitions.” In Post-Reform Politics in Latin America: Competition, Transition, Collapse, pp. 159-198. PDF Posted on Blackboard

• Explaining Latin American democratization in the 1980s. (Group 6)

Week 10: Spring Break

Week 11: The Advent of Market Reforms in the 1990s

March 21: The “Washington Consensus”

Patrice Franko, The Puzzle of Latin American Economic Development, pp. 145-184.

Peter Kingstone. 2011. The Political Economy of Latin America (New York, NY: Routledge), pp. 45-90. PDF Posted on Blackboard

Rosemary Thorp, Progress, Poverty and Exclusion, pp. 241-273.

March 23: Some Dissenters---Cuba, Bolivia & Venezuela

Richard Feinberg. 2016. Open for Business: Building the New Cuban Economy (Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press), chapter 2. PDF Posted on Blackboard

Eduardo Silva. 2009. Challenging Neoliberalism in Latin America (Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press), chapters 3, 5, 7. PDF Posted on Blackboard

Week 12: Mid-term Exam II

March 28: Exam Review

March 30: Mid-term Exam II

CHALLENGES & TRANSFORMATIONS IN THE 21st CENTURY

Week 13: In the Wake of Market Reforms

April 4: Trade Liberalization & Regional Integration

Patrice Franko, The Puzzle of Latin American Economic Development, pp. 235-283.

Glauco Oliveira. 2007. “What Went Wrong? Brazil, the United States and the FTAA?” In Requiem or Revival: The Promise of North American Integration, pp. 124-143. PDF Posted on Blackboard

Carol Wise. 2009. “The North American Free Trade Agreement,” New Political Economy 14 (1): 135-149. PDF Posted on Blackboard

• Why did the Free Trade Area of the Americas (FTAA) fail? (Group 7)

April 6: Weathering the 2008-09 Global Financial Crisis (GFC)

Carol Wise, Leslie Armijo, and Saori Katada, eds. 2015. How Emerging Economies Survived the 2008-09 Global Financial Crisis (Washington, DC: Brookings Institution), chapters 1 & 9. PDF Posted on Blackboard

• How did Latin American escape the worst of the GFC? (Group 8)

Week 14: Contemporary Development Challenges

April 11: The Inequality Debate

Ricardo Barros et al. 2010. “Markets, the State, and the Dynamics of Inequality in Brazil.” In Declining Inequality in Latin America, edited by Luis F. Lopez-Calva and Nora Lustig (Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press), pp. 134-174. PDF Posted on Blackboard

Leonardo Gasparini and Guillermo Cruces. 2010. “A Distribution in Motion: The Case of Argentina.” In Declining Inequality in Latin America, edited by Luis F. Lopez-Calva and Nora Lustig (Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press), pp. 100-133. PDF Posted on Blackboard

Gerardo Esquivel, Nora Lustig, and John Scott. 2010. “Mexico: A Decade of Falling Inequality.” In Declining Inequality in Latin America, edited by Luis F. Lopez-Calva and Nora Lustig (Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press), pp. 175-217. PDF Posted on Blackboard

• What are the roots of inequality in Latin America? (Group 9)

April 13: Latin American immigration and the U.S. Job Market

• Are undocumented workers from Latin America the source of U.S. job losses? (Group 10)

Week 15: The Challenge from China---A Newfound Friend for the Region?

April 18: China Enters Latin America in the 21st Century

Robert Devlin. 2008. “China’s Economic Rise.” In Riordan Roett and Guadalupe Paz, eds., China's Expansion into the Western Hemisphere: Implications for Latin America and the United States (Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press), pp. 111-147. PDF Posted on Blackboard

Rhys Jenkins. 2010. “China’s Global Expansion and Latin America,” Journal of Latin American Studies, vol. 42, no. 4, pp. 809-837. PDF posted on blackboard

• Explaining the new China-Latin America “relationship” in the 21st century. (Group 11)

April 20: Winners & Losers

Enrique Dussel Peters and Kevin P. Gallagher. 2013. “NAFTA’s Uninvited Guest: China and the Disintegration of North American Trade,” CEPAL Review, vol. 110, pp. 83-108. PDF posted on blackboard

Francisco E. Gonzalez. 2008. “Latin America in the Economic Equation---Winners and Losers. What Can Losers Do?” In China’s Expansion into the Western Hemisphere, pp. 148-169. PDF Posted on Blackboard

Carol Wise. 2013. “Great Expectations: China’s Free Trade Agreements with Chile and Peru.” PDF posted on blackboard

Week 16: The Political Economy of Cuba----a Transition to What?

April 25: A Socialist-Market Economy…..

Richard Feinberg. 2016. Open for Business: Building the New Cuban Economy, chapter 3 & 4.

PDF posted on blackboard

April 27: President Obama’s U.S.-Cuba Outreach Effort

Richard Feinberg. 2016. Open for Business: Building the New Cuban Economy, chapter 1. PDF posted on blackboard

• The U.S.-Cuba rapprochement---fact or fantasy? (Group 12)

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FINAL EXAM: Thursday, May 8, 2:00-4:00 pm

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