POLK COUNTY
2020
POLK COUNTY
Community Health Assessment
2020 Polk County Community Health Assessment
Published by the Florida Department of Health in Polk County
Joy Jackson, MD, Director and Health Officer
May 2020
Written in Collaboration with Polk Vision and the Polk County Community Health Assessment (CHA)
Workgroup
Compiled by Taylor Freeman and Jenna Levine
For questions contact: Taylor.Freeman@ or Jenna.Levine@
Graphic Design by Lee Deaver
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................................... 6
About this Report ................................................................................................................................................... 6
PROGRESS UPDATE ....................................................................................................................................... 7
2015 Priorities ......................................................................................................................................................... 7
METHODOLOGY .............................................................................................................................................. 9
Mobilizing Community Partners ........................................................................................................................... 9
The MAPP Process ............................................................................................................................................... 10
COMMUNITY THEMES & STRENGTHS ASSESSMENT ¨C PRIMARY DATA.................................................................... 10
COMMUNITY HEALTH STATUS ASSESSMENT ¨C SECONDARY DATA ........................................................................ 13
FORCES OF CHANGE ASSESSMENT .................................................................................................................. 13
LOCAL PUBLIC HEALTH SYSTEM ASSESSMENT .................................................................................................. 14
DATA ANALYSIS AND PRIORITIZATION PROCESS ................................................................................................ 22
POLK COUNTY PROFILE ............................................................................................................................... 23
Demographics ..................................................................................................................................................... 23
AGE.............................................................................................................................................................. 24
RACE............................................................................................................................................................ 25
ETHNICITY ..................................................................................................................................................... 26
EDUCATION ................................................................................................................................................... 26
EMPLOYMENT ................................................................................................................................................ 27
INCOME......................................................................................................................................................... 28
HEALTH INSURANCE ....................................................................................................................................... 28
POVERTY ...................................................................................................................................................... 29
HOUSING ...................................................................................................................................................... 30
INDUSTRY ..................................................................................................................................................... 31
LANGUAGE .................................................................................................................................................... 31
VULNERABLE POPULATIONS IN POLK COUNTY ................................................................................................... 32
Leading Causes of Death ................................................................................................................................... 34
County Health Rankings ..................................................................................................................................... 37
HEALTH TOPICS ............................................................................................................................................ 45
BEHAVIORAL HEALTH: MENTAL HEALTH & SUBSTANCE ABUSE .............................................................. 46
Mental Health ...................................................................................................................................................... 46
ABOUT MENTAL HEALTH.................................................................................................................................... 46
ADULT MENTAL HEALTH .................................................................................................................................... 48
YOUTH MENTAL HEALTH .................................................................................................................................... 57
SUICIDE ......................................................................................................................................................... 60
ACCESS TO MENTAL HEALTH CARE ..................................................................................................................... 65
Substance Abuse ................................................................................................................................................ 66
ABOUT SUBSTANCE ABUSE ................................................................................................................................ 66
TOBACCO ...................................................................................................................................................... 67
ALCOHOL ...................................................................................................................................................... 72
MARIJUANA ................................................................................................................................................... 75
OPIOIDS ........................................................................................................................................................ 76
DRUG-RELATED CONSEQUENCES & DRUG OVERDOSE DEATHS ................................................................................ 78
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ACCESS TO HEALTH SERVICES .................................................................................................................. 80
Coverage & Accessibility................................................................................................................................... 80
Health Care Workforce & Resource Availability ............................................................................................. 84
Other Barriers to Access ..................................................................................................................................... 85
EXERCISE, NUTRITION, & WEIGHT .............................................................................................................. 87
Overweight & Obesity ........................................................................................................................................ 87
ABOUT OVERWEIGHT & OBESITY......................................................................................................................... 87
OVERWEIGHT & OBESITY AMONG ADULTS ............................................................................................................ 88
OVERWEIGHT & OBESITY AMONG YOUTH............................................................................................................. 91
OVERWEIGHT & OBESITY DURING PREGNANCY ..................................................................................................... 93
IMPACT OF BUILT ENVIRONMENT ......................................................................................................................... 95
FOOD SECURITY .............................................................................................................................................. 96
MATERNAL & INFANT HEALTH ..................................................................................................................... 98
Maternal Health ................................................................................................................................................... 98
TEENAGE PREGNANCY ................................................................................................................................... 100
PREGNANCY-RELATED OUTCOMES ................................................................................................................... 102
Infant Health ...................................................................................................................................................... 106
BIRTH-RELATED OUTCOMES ............................................................................................................................. 106
Maternal & Infant Mortality............................................................................................................................... 108
MATERNAL MORTALITY ................................................................................................................................... 108
INFANT MORTALITY ........................................................................................................................................ 108
Breastfeeding..................................................................................................................................................... 110
CHRONIC DISEASE ..................................................................................................................................... 111
About Chronic Disease..................................................................................................................................... 111
Coronary Heart Disease ................................................................................................................................... 112
Heart Failure ....................................................................................................................................................... 118
Diabetes ............................................................................................................................................................. 124
Stroke .................................................................................................................................................................. 132
Chronic Lower Respiratory Disease (CLRD).................................................................................................... 137
Asthma ............................................................................................................................................................... 142
Breast Cancer .................................................................................................................................................... 143
Cervical Cancer ................................................................................................................................................ 147
Colorectal Cancer ............................................................................................................................................ 151
Lung Cancer ...................................................................................................................................................... 154
Melanoma.......................................................................................................................................................... 157
Prostate Cancer ................................................................................................................................................ 159
ORAL HEALTH ............................................................................................................................................. 163
About Oral Health ............................................................................................................................................. 163
Adult Oral Health ............................................................................................................................................... 164
Children¡¯s Oral Health ...................................................................................................................................... 165
IMMUNIZATIONS AND INFECTIOUS DISEASE............................................................................................ 166
Vaccine-Preventable Diseases ....................................................................................................................... 166
Child and Adolescent Immunizations ............................................................................................................ 167
Adult Immunizations ......................................................................................................................................... 167
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Pneumonia & Influenza..................................................................................................................................... 167
Hepatitis A .......................................................................................................................................................... 168
HIV/AIDS ............................................................................................................................................................. 170
Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs) ............................................................................................................. 177
Tuberculosis (TB) ................................................................................................................................................ 180
COVID-19 ........................................................................................................................................................... 181
VIOLENCE, CRIME, & INJURY PREVENTION .............................................................................................. 182
Violence ............................................................................................................................................................. 182
CHILD ABUSE ................................................................................................................................................ 182
YOUTH VIOLENCE .......................................................................................................................................... 185
ELDER ABUSE ................................................................................................................................................ 186
SEXUAL VIOLENCE ......................................................................................................................................... 188
Crime .................................................................................................................................................................. 190
Injuries ................................................................................................................................................................ 191
INJURIES BY INTENT ......................................................................................................................................... 191
UNINTENTIONAL INJURIES ................................................................................................................................ 191
UNINTENTIONAL POISONINGS ............................................................................................................... 192
MOTOR VEHICLE SAFETY ..................................................................................................................... 193
FALLS PREVENTION ............................................................................................................................. 195
CHILD & ADOLESCENT HEALTH ................................................................................................................. 200
Sociodemographic Characteristics ................................................................................................................ 200
Social-Emotional Development ...................................................................................................................... 201
Modifiable Risks and Behaviors ....................................................................................................................... 202
WEIGHT STATUS ............................................................................................................................................. 202
SUBSTANCE USE ............................................................................................................................................ 203
SEXUAL ACTIVITY........................................................................................................................................... 204
Immunization and Infectious Disease............................................................................................................. 205
Potentially Avoidable Hospitalizations ........................................................................................................... 205
Emergency Room Visits .................................................................................................................................... 206
Injuries and Violence ........................................................................................................................................ 207
Mortality.............................................................................................................................................................. 207
AGING ADULT HEALTH ............................................................................................................................... 209
Aging Population Demographics.................................................................................................................... 209
AGE............................................................................................................................................................ 210
RACE/ETHNICITY ........................................................................................................................................... 210
EDUCATION .................................................................................................................................................. 213
EMPLOYMENT AND INCOME ............................................................................................................................ 213
POVERTY STATUS ........................................................................................................................................... 214
HOUSING ..................................................................................................................................................... 214
FAMILY AND LIVING ARRANGEMENTS ................................................................................................................ 214
Health Care and Health Status ........................................................................................................................ 215
HEALTH RISK & PROTECTIVE FACTORS ................................................................................................................ 216
ORAL HEALTH ............................................................................................................................................... 216
MENTAL HEALTH ............................................................................................................................................ 217
APPENDICES ................................................................................................................................................. 219
Appendix A: Frequently Asked Questions .................................................................................................... 220
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