POLK COUNTY

2020

POLK COUNTY

Community Health Assessment

2020 Polk County Community Health Assessment

Published by the Florida Department of Health in Polk County

Joy Jackson, MD, Director and Health Officer

May 2020

Written in Collaboration with Polk Vision and the Polk County Community Health Assessment (CHA)

Workgroup

Compiled by Taylor Freeman and Jenna Levine

For questions contact: Taylor.Freeman@ or Jenna.Levine@

Graphic Design by Lee Deaver

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................................... 6

About this Report ................................................................................................................................................... 6

PROGRESS UPDATE ....................................................................................................................................... 7

2015 Priorities ......................................................................................................................................................... 7

METHODOLOGY .............................................................................................................................................. 9

Mobilizing Community Partners ........................................................................................................................... 9

The MAPP Process ............................................................................................................................................... 10

COMMUNITY THEMES & STRENGTHS ASSESSMENT ¨C PRIMARY DATA.................................................................... 10

COMMUNITY HEALTH STATUS ASSESSMENT ¨C SECONDARY DATA ........................................................................ 13

FORCES OF CHANGE ASSESSMENT .................................................................................................................. 13

LOCAL PUBLIC HEALTH SYSTEM ASSESSMENT .................................................................................................. 14

DATA ANALYSIS AND PRIORITIZATION PROCESS ................................................................................................ 22

POLK COUNTY PROFILE ............................................................................................................................... 23

Demographics ..................................................................................................................................................... 23

AGE.............................................................................................................................................................. 24

RACE............................................................................................................................................................ 25

ETHNICITY ..................................................................................................................................................... 26

EDUCATION ................................................................................................................................................... 26

EMPLOYMENT ................................................................................................................................................ 27

INCOME......................................................................................................................................................... 28

HEALTH INSURANCE ....................................................................................................................................... 28

POVERTY ...................................................................................................................................................... 29

HOUSING ...................................................................................................................................................... 30

INDUSTRY ..................................................................................................................................................... 31

LANGUAGE .................................................................................................................................................... 31

VULNERABLE POPULATIONS IN POLK COUNTY ................................................................................................... 32

Leading Causes of Death ................................................................................................................................... 34

County Health Rankings ..................................................................................................................................... 37

HEALTH TOPICS ............................................................................................................................................ 45

BEHAVIORAL HEALTH: MENTAL HEALTH & SUBSTANCE ABUSE .............................................................. 46

Mental Health ...................................................................................................................................................... 46

ABOUT MENTAL HEALTH.................................................................................................................................... 46

ADULT MENTAL HEALTH .................................................................................................................................... 48

YOUTH MENTAL HEALTH .................................................................................................................................... 57

SUICIDE ......................................................................................................................................................... 60

ACCESS TO MENTAL HEALTH CARE ..................................................................................................................... 65

Substance Abuse ................................................................................................................................................ 66

ABOUT SUBSTANCE ABUSE ................................................................................................................................ 66

TOBACCO ...................................................................................................................................................... 67

ALCOHOL ...................................................................................................................................................... 72

MARIJUANA ................................................................................................................................................... 75

OPIOIDS ........................................................................................................................................................ 76

DRUG-RELATED CONSEQUENCES & DRUG OVERDOSE DEATHS ................................................................................ 78

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ACCESS TO HEALTH SERVICES .................................................................................................................. 80

Coverage & Accessibility................................................................................................................................... 80

Health Care Workforce & Resource Availability ............................................................................................. 84

Other Barriers to Access ..................................................................................................................................... 85

EXERCISE, NUTRITION, & WEIGHT .............................................................................................................. 87

Overweight & Obesity ........................................................................................................................................ 87

ABOUT OVERWEIGHT & OBESITY......................................................................................................................... 87

OVERWEIGHT & OBESITY AMONG ADULTS ............................................................................................................ 88

OVERWEIGHT & OBESITY AMONG YOUTH............................................................................................................. 91

OVERWEIGHT & OBESITY DURING PREGNANCY ..................................................................................................... 93

IMPACT OF BUILT ENVIRONMENT ......................................................................................................................... 95

FOOD SECURITY .............................................................................................................................................. 96

MATERNAL & INFANT HEALTH ..................................................................................................................... 98

Maternal Health ................................................................................................................................................... 98

TEENAGE PREGNANCY ................................................................................................................................... 100

PREGNANCY-RELATED OUTCOMES ................................................................................................................... 102

Infant Health ...................................................................................................................................................... 106

BIRTH-RELATED OUTCOMES ............................................................................................................................. 106

Maternal & Infant Mortality............................................................................................................................... 108

MATERNAL MORTALITY ................................................................................................................................... 108

INFANT MORTALITY ........................................................................................................................................ 108

Breastfeeding..................................................................................................................................................... 110

CHRONIC DISEASE ..................................................................................................................................... 111

About Chronic Disease..................................................................................................................................... 111

Coronary Heart Disease ................................................................................................................................... 112

Heart Failure ....................................................................................................................................................... 118

Diabetes ............................................................................................................................................................. 124

Stroke .................................................................................................................................................................. 132

Chronic Lower Respiratory Disease (CLRD).................................................................................................... 137

Asthma ............................................................................................................................................................... 142

Breast Cancer .................................................................................................................................................... 143

Cervical Cancer ................................................................................................................................................ 147

Colorectal Cancer ............................................................................................................................................ 151

Lung Cancer ...................................................................................................................................................... 154

Melanoma.......................................................................................................................................................... 157

Prostate Cancer ................................................................................................................................................ 159

ORAL HEALTH ............................................................................................................................................. 163

About Oral Health ............................................................................................................................................. 163

Adult Oral Health ............................................................................................................................................... 164

Children¡¯s Oral Health ...................................................................................................................................... 165

IMMUNIZATIONS AND INFECTIOUS DISEASE............................................................................................ 166

Vaccine-Preventable Diseases ....................................................................................................................... 166

Child and Adolescent Immunizations ............................................................................................................ 167

Adult Immunizations ......................................................................................................................................... 167

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Pneumonia & Influenza..................................................................................................................................... 167

Hepatitis A .......................................................................................................................................................... 168

HIV/AIDS ............................................................................................................................................................. 170

Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs) ............................................................................................................. 177

Tuberculosis (TB) ................................................................................................................................................ 180

COVID-19 ........................................................................................................................................................... 181

VIOLENCE, CRIME, & INJURY PREVENTION .............................................................................................. 182

Violence ............................................................................................................................................................. 182

CHILD ABUSE ................................................................................................................................................ 182

YOUTH VIOLENCE .......................................................................................................................................... 185

ELDER ABUSE ................................................................................................................................................ 186

SEXUAL VIOLENCE ......................................................................................................................................... 188

Crime .................................................................................................................................................................. 190

Injuries ................................................................................................................................................................ 191

INJURIES BY INTENT ......................................................................................................................................... 191

UNINTENTIONAL INJURIES ................................................................................................................................ 191

UNINTENTIONAL POISONINGS ............................................................................................................... 192

MOTOR VEHICLE SAFETY ..................................................................................................................... 193

FALLS PREVENTION ............................................................................................................................. 195

CHILD & ADOLESCENT HEALTH ................................................................................................................. 200

Sociodemographic Characteristics ................................................................................................................ 200

Social-Emotional Development ...................................................................................................................... 201

Modifiable Risks and Behaviors ....................................................................................................................... 202

WEIGHT STATUS ............................................................................................................................................. 202

SUBSTANCE USE ............................................................................................................................................ 203

SEXUAL ACTIVITY........................................................................................................................................... 204

Immunization and Infectious Disease............................................................................................................. 205

Potentially Avoidable Hospitalizations ........................................................................................................... 205

Emergency Room Visits .................................................................................................................................... 206

Injuries and Violence ........................................................................................................................................ 207

Mortality.............................................................................................................................................................. 207

AGING ADULT HEALTH ............................................................................................................................... 209

Aging Population Demographics.................................................................................................................... 209

AGE............................................................................................................................................................ 210

RACE/ETHNICITY ........................................................................................................................................... 210

EDUCATION .................................................................................................................................................. 213

EMPLOYMENT AND INCOME ............................................................................................................................ 213

POVERTY STATUS ........................................................................................................................................... 214

HOUSING ..................................................................................................................................................... 214

FAMILY AND LIVING ARRANGEMENTS ................................................................................................................ 214

Health Care and Health Status ........................................................................................................................ 215

HEALTH RISK & PROTECTIVE FACTORS ................................................................................................................ 216

ORAL HEALTH ............................................................................................................................................... 216

MENTAL HEALTH ............................................................................................................................................ 217

APPENDICES ................................................................................................................................................. 219

Appendix A: Frequently Asked Questions .................................................................................................... 220

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