RAJIV GANDHI UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCES



RAJIV GANDHI UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCES

BANGALORE, KARNATAKA

ANNEXURE – I 

SYNOPSIS PROFORMA FOR REGISTRATION OF SUBJECT FOR DISSERTATION 

|  |  |MS. SARITA. C KORI. |

|1. |Name of the candidate and address |I YEAR M. Sc. NURSING |

| |(in block letters) |P.D.BHARATESH COLLEGE OF NURSING, |

| | |HALAGA, |

| | |BELGAUM. |

|  |  |P.D.BHARATESH COLLEGE OF NURSING, |

|2. |Name of the Institution |HALAGA, |

| | |BELGAUM. |

|  |  |  |

|3. |Course of Study and Subject |M. Sc. NURSING |

| | |OBSTETRICS AND GYNAECOLOGICAL NURSING |

|  |  |  |

|4. |Date of Admission to the Course |  |

|  |  |A STUDY ON EFFECT OF YOGA OVER AEROBIC EXERCISE ON STRESS AND DYSMENORRHEA AMONG HIGH SCHOOL GIRLS AT |

|5. |Title of the topic |BELGAUM KARNATAKA. |

6. BRIEF RESUME OF INTENDED WORK:

6.1 INTRODUCTION:

“God never divided life into beauty and ugliness, He made everything.”

 Menstruation is the periodic change occurring in women which results in flow of blood and endometrium from the uterine cavity. The biological cycle of a woman follow a monthly pattern and have a profound influence on her life and behavior

Dysmenorrhea refers to difficult menstrual flow or painful menstruation. The term dysmenorrhea is derived from the Greek words dys, meaning difficult/painful/abnormal, meno, meaning month, and rrhea, meaning flow.

The cause of dysmenorrhea depends on the condition - primary or secondary. Primary dysmenorrhea caused by chemical imbalance in the body (particularly prostaglandin and arachidonic acid - both chemicals which control the contractions of the uterus). Secondary dysmenorrhea is caused by other medical conditions, like endometriosis, pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), uterine fibroids, abnormal pregnancy (i.e., miscarriage, ectopic), infection, tumors, or polyps in the pelvic cavity.

The initial onset of primary dysmenorrhea is usually shortly after menarche (6–12 months), when ovulatory cycles are established. Pain duration is commonly 8–72 hours and is usually associated with the onset of menstrual flow. Adolescent girls tend to have a higher prevalence of primary dysmenorrhea than older women, as primary dysmenorrhea can improve with age. Secondary dysmenorrhea rates may be lower in adolescents, as onset of causative conditions may not yet have occurred.

Burnett et al (2005) estimated the dysmenorrhea from studies around the world reporting a range between 28% and 71.7% .Harlow and Park (2004) reported in their survey that in developing countries 75% of adolescents and 25% - 50% of adult women experienced dysmenorrhea with 5-20% reported severe dysmenorrhea that prevents them from participating in their usual activities.

The true incidence and prevalence of dysmenorrhea are not clearly established in India. In recent times, George and Bhaduri (2002) concluded that dysmenorrhea 87.87% is a common problem in India.

The features of dysmenorrhea includes cramping and pain in the lower abdomen, low back pain, pain radiating down the legs, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, fatigue, weakness, fainting, headache. Primary dysmenorrhea is usually treated by medication such as an analgesic drug and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Treatment for secondary dysmenorrhea varies with the underlying cause.

The non-medicinal treatments of dysmenorrhea include: lying on back, supporting the knees with a pillow, application of heat pad or hot-water bottle on abdomen or lower back, warm bath, massaging the abdomen, yoga and mild exercises -stretching, walking or biking, rest and avoiding stressful situations.

Aerobic means ‘with oxygen’. Aerobic exercises are exercises that use the large muscles of the body – usually the arms & the legs – in repetitive and rhythmic movements. This increases the need for oxygen; it is met through increased heart rate and respiration. So the heart and lungs also get a good work out. During aerobic exercise the body releases chemical substances (endorphins) that are similar in nature to opiates.

Yoga is a scientific system of physical and mental practices which creates balance in the nervous and endocrine systems which directly influence all the other systems and organs of the body. Yoga controls pain by regulating the gate controlling mechanism and secretes natural painkillers in the body. A yogic practice creates mental clarity, calmness, relieves stress, reduces anxiety, relaxes the mind and sharpens the concentration.

Aerobic exercise differ from yoga by increasing the heart beat, respiratory rate, blood pressure, and body temperature, where as yoga does vice versa.

6.2 NEED FOR THE STUDY:

“To be good is noble but to teach others how to be good is nobler.”

Dysmenorrhea is highly prevalent during adolescence. Despite differences in measurement methods, 20%–90% of adolescent girls report dysmenorrhea and about 15% of adolescents describe their dysmenorrhea as severe (Davis and Westhoff, 2001). During adolescence, dysmenorrhea leads to high rates of school absence and activity nonparticipation. Most adolescents with dysmenorrhea self-medicate with over-the-counter preparations; few consult healthcare providers.

Sharma, Taneja, Sharma and Saha (2008) had conducted a study to assess the prevalence and the effect of menstrual disorders on daily routine among unmarried undergraduate medical students and their treatment-seeking behavior in Delhi, India. Of 276 undergraduate girl students, 112 were sampled by stratified random sampling. Data collected by personal interviews.

The results were: dysmenorrhea (33%) and Premenstrual syndrome (67%) were perceived by the study subjects as the most distressing problems associated with menstruation. The most common effect of menstrual problems on daily routine reported by the study subjects was in the form of prolonged resting hours (54%) followed by inability to study (50%). More than half (52%) of the subjects discussed their problems with their mother, and 60% of the study subjects were opted for allopathic treatment for their menstrual problems.

Anisa and Rafia (2009) conducted a cross sectional study on urban adolescent secondary school girls (ages 10-15 years) was conducted with an objective to know the prevalence of dysmenorrhea.700 girls were selected from four different schools of different region of Aligarh city by stratified random sampling procedure. Questionnaire was prepared to determine the number of menstruating girls, the mean age at menarche and the prevalence and extend of dysmenorrhea. The Results shows that the mean age at menarche came out to be 12.36 ± 1.15 years. Out of 700 subjects, 400 girls had attained menarche. Among these 400 post menarcheal girls, 257 (64.3%) suffered from different degrees of dysmenorrhea.

Pragya, Chetna, Taneja and Renuka (2007) did a study to assess the types and frequency of problems related to menstruation in adolescent girls and the effect of these problems on daily routine at New Delhi, India. 198 adolescent girls in the age group 13–19 years who had menarche for at least one year at the time of study were included. Data was collected by personal interviews with semi-structured questionnaire. Among the subjects surveyed more than a third (35.9%) of the study subjects were in the age group 13–15 years followed by 17–19 years, 15–17 years respectively. Mean age of study participants was calculated to be 16.2 years. Dysmenorrhea (67.2%) was the commonest problem and (63.1%) had one or the other symptoms of Pre-menstrual syndrome (PMS).

Other related problems were present in 55.1% of study subjects. Daily routine of 60% girls was affected due to prolonged bed rest, missed social activities/commitments, disturbed sleep and decreased appetite. 17.24% had to miss a class and 25% had to abstain from work. Mothers and friends were the most common source of information on the issue.

Ritu and Ravinder (2006) conducted a study on various beliefs and problems regarding menstruation among adolescent girls at Jammu, India. 200 adolescent girls (11-18 years) were enrolled for the study. Results shows, about 56% belonged to joint family. Mean age of menarche was 12.75 years (12-14 years) while duration of cycle varied from 28 to 35 days with a mean of 29.03 + 0.98 days. The menstrual phase varied from 2-6 days. About 51% girls were ignorant of menstruation prior to menarche while 26% had been told by mothers, 13% by friends / relatives and 10% had knowledge from books / magazines. About 31% girls had irregular cycles initially.

Sudden mood changes (52%), swelling or pain in breasts (43%), anger (31%), headache (30%), tiredness / lethargy (28 %), lower abdominal pain (18%), etc. were common problems. Abdominal pain (43.5%) was commonest menstrual problems seen in late teenage girls as compared to early teens (28.5% vs. 15%). Head ache (21%), backache (17%), cramps in thighs and leg muscles (12%), nausea / vomiting (10%) etc. were other problems experienced by these girls. About 20% avoided schools, 12% avoided kitchen / temples and 10% stayed away from friends / relatives.

Anuchithra (2000) conducted a quasi experimental study on effect of Yoga therapy on anxiety and premenstrual syndrome among college girls at Madurai, Tamilnadu. One pre test post test control group design and purposive sampling was used in this study. The results of this study showed that the mean post anxiety score(8.6) and the mean post severity of premenstrual syndrome (5.03) of experimental group who had yoga therapy was significantly less than the mean post anxiety score (49.3) and the mean post severity of premenstrual syndrome (28.36). Difference of mean (35.16) of anxiety score between pretest and post test was statistically significant (t = 13, P ................
................

In order to avoid copyright disputes, this page is only a partial summary.

Google Online Preview   Download