MBA 1301 Principles of Management
[Pages:292]SCHOOL OF BUSINESS evsjv`k D>gy? wek?we`?vjq
MBA 1301
Principles of Management
Course Development Team
Writers
Professor Dr. Md. Mainul Islam
University of Dhaka
Dr. Abdul Awal Khan
Ex. Professor & Ex. Dean School of Business
Bangladesh Open University
Editors
Professor Dr. Masud Mahmood
Chittagong University
Dr. Md. Mayenul Islam
Associate Professor in Management School of Business
Bangladesh Open University and
Shaheen Ahmed
Assistant Professor in Management School of Business
Bangladesh Open University
Style Editor
Dr. Md. Mayenul Islam
Associate Professor in Management School of Business
Bangladesh Open University
Co-ordinator
Dean School of Business Bangladesh Open University
This book has been published after being refereed for the students of the School of Business, Bangladesh Open University
MBA 1301
Principles of Management
SCHOOL OF BUSINESS
Bangladesh Open University
evsjv`k D>gy? wek?we`?vjq
MBA 1301
Principles of Management
Published by: Publication, Printing & Distribution Division (PPD), Bangladesh Open University, Gazipur-1705. ? School of Business, Bangladesh Open University, Date of Second Publication: July, 2004. Reprint: July, 2007, November 2009. Computer Compose & Desktop Processing: Md. Abdul Matin & Mohammad Wahiduzzaman Howlader, Cover Design: Monirul Islam, Printed in: Mania Art Press, 53/1 Northbrooke Hall Road, Dhaka-1100. All rights reserved by the School of Business, Bangladesh Open University. No part of this book
can be reproduced in any form without proper permission from the publisher
Principles of Management (MBA 1301)
1. Management - Science, Theory and Practice: Definition of management, its nature and purpose: Managing: Science or art ( The elements of science), Managerial skills and the organizational hierarchy. Functions of managers.
2. The Evolution of Management Thought: Frederick Taylor and scientific management, Followers of Taylor, Fayol. The emergence of behavioral science. The recent contributions to management thought: Changing environment of management, Social and ethical responsibilities of the managers.
3. Planning: Nature, Types and steps of planning, Importance of planning; Nature of objectives, Management by Objectives (MBO); Nature and purpose of strategies and policies. The strategic planning process, Major kinds of strategies and policies, Effective implementation strategies.
4. Decision Making: The importance and limitations of rational decision making, Decision making under certainty, Risks and uncertainty; The systems approach and decision making.
5. The Nature and Purpose of Organizing - Basic Departmentation: Formal and informal organization, Organizational division-the department, The structure and process of organizing, The span of management; Departmentation by time, Enterprise function, Geography, Product, Customer, Matrix organization.
6. Line/Staff Authority and Decentralization: Line and staff concepts, Benefits and limitations of staff: decentralization of authority, Degrees of decentralization, Delegation of authority, Factors determining the degrees of decentralization of authority, Making staff work effective, promoting an appropriate organisation culture, Contingencies in organizing.
7. The Nature and Purpose of Staffing: Definition of staffing, Purpose of staffing, An overview of the staffing functions: Situational factors affecting staffing, Skills and personal characteristics needed by managers, Recruitment, Selection, Promotion, Demotion and transfer.
8. Human factors and Motivation: Human factors in managing, Motivation and motivators; Special motivational techniques.
9. Leadership: Defining Leadership, Ingredients of leadership, Styles and functions of leadership, Trait approach to leadership, Situational or contingency approaches to leadership.
10. Committees and Decision making: The nature of committees, Reasons for using committees, Disadvantages of committees; The plural executive and the board of directors, Misuse of committees, Successful operation of committees.
11. Communication: Definition of communication, The communication process, Barriers and breakdowns in communication; Towards effective communication, Electronic media in communication.
12. The System and Process of Controlling: The basic control process, Initial control points and standards, Control as a Feedback system, Requirement for effective control; Control techniques - The budget, Traditional non-budgetary control devices.
13. Comparative Management: Special features of management Japan, China and Germany.
Preface
Principles of Management is primarily intended for the MBA students of Bangladesh Open University. It is written in modular form and is the first of its kind on management in Bangladesh. The lessons have been so designed that learners find them easy to understand.
The book has thirteen units comprising 42 lessons. We do not claim it to be an original contribution. Rather it should be regarded as a text book of ideas from various renowned authorities in management. We have also quoted from different text books on management usually followed by post-graduate students in our universities. Our endeavour has been to present the lessons in a very lucid manner so that they can be understood and assimilated by an average distance learner of the MBA programme within the stipulated period of a semester.
Each unit is almost equivalent to one chapter of a conventional text book and divided into three to five lessons. Each of them starts with "unit highlights" and ends with one "exercise" and a case study. In fact the lessons are like the lecture notes of a classroom teacher, each with "lesson objectives" to begin with and a "lesson-end assessment", at the end in the form of both essay type and multiple choice questions. We hope that self learners will not find much difficulty in understanding the lessons by themselves and will need only a little help from the tutor.
Because of a severe time constraint, we have had to make do with unit-end cases from conventional text books of western origin. We hope to develop cases extensively in the context of Bangladesh soon so that our MBA students can relate their learning to their immediate environment and reality.
We are grateful to the honorable Vice Chancellor of BOU, who gave us the most needed support for publication of this book. Dr. Masud Mahmood, Professor, Department of English, Chittagong University, has made us indebted by his untiring efforts in editing each and every lesson diligently and meticulously. We also acknowledge with thanks the services of Dr. Md. Mayenul Islam, Associate Professor in Management, School of Business, BOU for editing & style editing. We also thankful to Shaheen Ahmed, Assistant Professor in Management, School of Business, Bangladesh Open University for his best effort and impeccable editing. Our thanks are also due to Mr. A. Matin and Mohammad Wahiduzzaman Howlader, WPO of the School of Business, for doing their very best to complete the task of word processing on schedule.
We shall feel rewarded for our labour if both general readers and self-learners find this book worthwhile and useful.
Md. Mainul Islam Abdul Awal Khan
Contents
Page No.
1
Unit-1: Introduction to Management ............................................ 1 Lesson-1: Definition, Nature and Scope of Management ......................... 3
Lesson-2: Purpose and Importance of Management - Features/
Characteristics of Management - Distinction between
Management, Organisation and Administration ...................... 7
Lesson-3: Managing: Science or Art? The Elements of Science in Managing
............. 11
Lesson-4: Managerial Skills and the Organisational Hierarchy .............. 14
Lesson-5: Management Process
........................ 19
Unit-2: Historical Evolution of Management Thought ........... 27
2
Lesson-1: Theories of Management And History Thereof, Classical School
of Management Thought ........................................................... 29
Lesson-2: Neo-Classical School of Management Thought ........................ 35
Lesson-3: Modern School of Management Thought ................................... 38
3
Unit-3: Planning .................................................................................. 45 Lesson-1: Planning: Meaning, Nature, Importance, Types and Steps .... 47
Lesson-2: The Strategic Planning Process ................................................ 57
Unit-4: Objectives ....................................................................................... 67
4
Lesson-1: Objectives: Definition and Nature of Objectives ...................... 69
Lesson-2: Management by Objective (MBO) ............................................. 71
Unit-5: Decision Making ........................................................................... 77
5
Lesson-1: Decision Making: Nature and Significance of Decision
Making, Rationality in Decision Making, Types of
Decisions, Decision Making Conditions ..................................... 79
Lesson-2: Decision Making: The Process and Managerial Practice,
The Systems Approach and Decision Making ........................... 85
6
Unit-6: Organising ..................................................................................... 93 Lesson-1: Nature, Purpose, Structure, Process and Logic
of Organising, Organisational Level and the Span of
Management ............................................................................... 95
Lesson-2: Departmentation......................................................................... 104
Lesson-3: Line, Staff and Functional Authority ........................................ 115
Lesson-4: Delegation of Authority, Centralization and
Decentralization ......................................................................... 120
Unit-7: Staffing ..........................................................................................133
7
Lesson-1: Nature of Staffing Function, Human Resource Planning,
Systems Approach to Staffing ................................................... 135
Lesson-2: Recruitment and Selection, Promote or Hire, Manager
Selection ...................................................................................... 140
Lesson-3: Training, Training Programs and Management
Development Programs .............................................................. 145
Lesson-4: Performance Appraisal (PA): Meaning and Importance, Types,
Appropriate Method of Appraising Manager ........................... 149
Lesson-5: Job Change: Promotion, Transfer, Demotion ............................ 154
Contents
8
9 10 11 12
13
Page No.
Unit-8 Human Factors and Motivation ...............................................159 Lesson-1: Human Factors in Management, Motivation, Motivation Process, Motivators, Motivating and Satisfaction .....................161 Lesson-2: Basic Assumptions about Motivation and the Nature of People, McGregor's Theory-X and Theory-Y ......................... 165 Lesson-3: Various Leading Theories of Motivation - Their Origin, Strengths and Weaknesses ....................................................... 168 Lesson-4: Special Motivational Techniques .............................................. 180
Unit-9: Leadership .....................................................................................185 Lesson-1: Definition and Nature of Leadership, Qualities/ Ingredients of Leadership ...........................................................187 Lesson-2: Styles/Types of Leadership ........................................................ 191 Lesson-3: Theories of Leadership ............................................................... 197
Unit-10: Committees and Group Decision Making ..............................205 Lesson-1: Definition, Nature and Reasons for Using Committees ............207 Lesson-2: Plural Executive and Board of Directors, Making Committee Successful, Disadvantages and Misuses of Committees ................................................................................. 210
Unit-11: Communication in Organisations ............................................217 Lesson-1: Definition, Process and Purpose of Communication .................219 Lesson-2: Communication in Organisation, Importance of Effective Communication ...........................................................................223 Lesson-3: Causes of Communication Problems, Ensuring Effective Communication, Electronic Media in Communication ..............227
Unit-12: Controlling ....................................................................................235 Lesson-1: Controlling Defined, Steps in the Control Process, Importance of Control in Management ......................................237 Lesson-2: Designing Control System, Control as a Feedback System, Feedforward Control, Techniques of FutureDirected Control ......................................................................... 241 Lesson-3: Making Control Effective, Control Techniques- Budgetary and Non-Budgetary Control Devices ......................................... 245
Unit-13: Comparative Management and Management in Some Selected Countries ......................................................................257
Lesson-1: Comparative Management .........................................................259 Lesson-2: Management in Japan ................................................................266 Lesson-3: Management System of Germany ............................................. 276 Lesson-4: Management in Bangladesh ...................................................... 283
Introduction to Management
1
Unit Highlights
Definition, Nature and Scope of Management Purpose and Importance of Management, Features of Management,
Distinction between Management, Organization and Administration Managing: Science or Art? The Elements of Science in Managing Managerial Skills and the Organizational Hierarchy Management Process
................
................
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